初三上册六单元英语讲解
❶ 初三上册5和6单元语法知识点
独立主格结构
独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词、不定式、名词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语)构成。
独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，所以在语法上不是句子。但多有名词或代词表示的逻辑主语，分词或不定式表示的逻辑谓语，有时还有其他修饰成分。(判断一个结构是否是句子的标准就是看看这个结构是否有谓语动词。)这种结构通常在句子中起方式、时间、原因、条件等状语或状语从句的作用，主要用于书面语。使用动词非谓语形式的独立主格结构可以改为句子形式(从句):独立主格结构加上连词，非谓语动词改为谓语动词形式，这样就成为从句了。
例如:
Today being Sunday, the library isn' t open.今天星期天，图书馆不开放。
(原因)改为从句:
As (Since) today is Sunday, the library isn' t open.
例如:
There being no buses，we had to take a taxi. 没有汽车了，我们只好坐出租车了。
Because there were no buses, we had to take a taxi.
The signal given，the bus started.信号发出后，公共汽车就启动了。
(时间)改为从句:
After the signal was given, the bus started.
The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，sword in hand.少年跟那个人到这里，并爬了进来，手里拿着剑。
The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，and had a sword in his hand.
The mid-term examination is over, the end-of-term examination to come two months later.期中考试结束了，两个月之后进行期末考试.
The mid-term examination is over, and the end-of-term examination is to come two months later.
Weather permitting, we' 11 visit the Great Wall.如果天气允许的话，我们就去参观长城。
If weather permits, we' 11 visit the Great Wall.
The boy followed that man here, and climbed in, sword in hand.少年跟那个人到这里，并爬了进来，手里拿着剑。(伴随状语)
上文例句中sword in hand是由“名词+介词短语”构成，表示伴随的情况。这种表示伴随情的独立主格结构，有时可以用with引出，二者的意思是一样的，with结构更加口语话，更加常用。
She left the office with tears in her eyes.她眼里含着泪水，离开了办公室。
The teacher walked into the classroom, with a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.老师胳膊底下挟着一把尺子，手里拿着几本书，走进了教室。
The teacher walked into the classroom. He was holding a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.
Tian' anmen Square looks magnificent with all the lights on.华灯齐放，天安门广场显得美丽动人。
With the boy leading the way, we found his house with no difficulty.由这孩子领路，我们毫不费劲地找到他的家。
With him to give us a lead, our team is bound to turn out well.有他给我们带头，我们对一定能搞好。
1、指出下列句子中的独立主格结构:
1) My work having been finished, I went home.
---My work having been finished
2)The woman sat smiling, surrounded by her flowers, a faraway look in her eyes.
---A faraway look in her eyes
3) My watch having been lost, I didn' t know what time it was.
---My watch having been lost
4) He came into the room, his face red with cold.
--- his face red with cold
5) There an elderly patient was sitting in her wheelchair alone, head bowed, her back to most of the others.
--- Head bowed. her back to mast of the others
6) A man came in, his face hidden by an upturned coat collar and a cap pulled law over his brow.
--- His face hidden by an upturned…….
用独立主格结构改正下列句子:
1) Being cold, he put on his overcoat.
---It being cold, …
2) Being no bus, we had to walk home.
--- There being no bus, ...
3) Getting colder, same birds are flying away to the south.
--- It getting colder, ...
4) Being ill, Mr. Li taught the lesson in place of Mr. Wang.
--- Mr. Wang being ill, Mr. Li taught..
5) Asia is the largest continent, being about 43 million square kilometer.
---…，its size (area) being about 43….
用独立主格结构将括号内的汉语译成英语填空:
1)Bing Bing entered the room, _____ (手里拿着一个大苹果).
---- (with) a big apple in his hand.
2) _____(下课了)，the children ran out of the class room.
---The class being over
3） The little girl waited at the bus stop for a long time, _____(鼻子冻得通红).
---her nose red with cold
4) Here comes the Shanghai train, _____ (从福州来的火车)
---the Fuzhou train to come half an hour later.
5) He was doing his homework._____ (他的父亲坐在旁边)
6) ____(谁也没有什么可说的), the meeting was closed.
-----Nobody having any more to say
一致
英语的一致有三种:主谓一致，代词一致，肯定与否定一致
一、主语与谓语的一致
英语语法要求，主语如果是单数，谓语动词也要用单数形式;主语若是复数，谓语动词也要用复数形式
例如:
She likes to eat well.她好吃
We all like good food.我们都喜欢好饭菜。
Everybody was happy with the decision. 人人都对这个决定感到高兴。
I am a doctor.我是个医生。
二、概念一致
1. And连接的两个或多个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
His opinion and mine are different他的观点和我的是不同的。
Bob and Peter are deadly rivals. Bob和peter是死对头。
What she says and what she does are totally different. 她说的和做的完全不同。
但是如果and连接的是指一个单一概念时，谓语动词用单数。
Bread and milk has been my breakfast for years. 牛奶面包多年来一直是我的早餐。
Her lawyer and old friend is going to marry her.她的律师和老朋友要娶她。
All this effort and sacrifice has come to nothing. 所有这些努力和牺牲都白费了。
由and连接的单数主语分别有many a，ever y，each，no修饰时，动词用单数。
如：During the holidays, every train and every plane was crowded.假期期间每列火车及每架飞机都非常拥挤。
No boy and no girl has the right to refuse ecation. 男孩和女孩都没有拒绝教育的权利。
Man a man and man a woman was moved b this picture。许多男男女女都被这幅画感动。
2.如果主语是一个抽象概念(如不定式、动名词、主语从句等)谓语动词用单数形式。如果主语是用and连接的两个或多个抽象概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：Swimming jogging and cycling are all goad farms of sports exercises.游泳、慢跑和骑自行车都是很好的运动形式。
To live to eat is not a very goad attitude toward life. 活着就是为了吃不是好的生活态度。
To live to eat and to eat to live are very different attitudes toward life.
以what，who，why，haw, whether等wh一词引起的从句做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数;由and连接的两个主句如果指两件事，动词用复数。
例如:What he is doing is not clear yet他在干什么还不清楚
What he is doing and whether I know him are two different things.他在干什么和我是否认识他是两件不同的事。
What she told me is none of your business. 她和我说的什么用不着你管。
What she told me and what she told you are totally different things.
以what从句为主语的“主一系一表SVC"句型中，如果主句的表语是复数，主句谓语动词用复数形式;what从句本身是复数意义，主句谓语动词也可用复数。
如：What I need buy now are four tea cups and a pair of sports shoes.
我需要买的是四只茶杯和一双运动鞋。
What were thought to be five dogs were actually five sheep.
被认为是五条狗的东西实际上是五只羊。
3.集体名词family，class，crew(全体船员或机组人员)，crowd, group, committee, audience, government, public, team, staff, population等做主语时，若作为一个整体看待，后面谓语动词用单数; 如就其中每一个成员来考虑时，则用复数。
例如: My family is a big one.我家人多。
My family are all music lovers. 我全家人都爱好音乐。
Eighty percent of China' s population are peasants. 百分之八十的中国人口是农民。
China has a huge population. 中国有众多的人口。
The population of China is the largest in the world. 中国的人口是世界上最多的。
People, police, cattle,(牛)，militia(民兵)，poultry(家禽)，vermin(害出)等作主语时，后面的动词要用复数。
如：There were many people waiting outside. 有许多人在外面等着。
The police are searching far the murderer. 警察在搜捕凶手。
The cattle are grazing in the fields. 一群牛在田野里吃草。
Foliage(树叶)，machinery(机械)，equipment(设备) ,furniture(家具)，merchandise(商品)等通常做不可数名词，动词用单数，
如:The merchandise has arrived undamaged滴品已经到达，毫无损坏。
All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 本工厂里的所有机械都是中国制造的，
4.不定代词either，neither，ever y，each，one，the other, another以及所有的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词只用单数，包括“every/each/no……and every/each/no……”作主语时。
如：Every/Each plane and every/each pilot is ready to take off.
每架飞机和每个飞行员都已准备好起飞。
No plane and no pilot is ready to take off.
没有一架飞机、没有一个飞行员已准备好起飞。
Here are two books. Either of them is worth reading.
这有两本书，都值得一读。
Neither of these two dictionaries contains this ward.
这两本词典都没收入这个字
Everyone is here. No one is absent. 大家都到了，没有人缺席。
Somebody is using the phone. 有人在用电话。
I have two sisters. One is here, and the other is not here.
我有两个姐妹，一个在这儿，一个不在这儿。
Each day is better than the one before. 一天比一天好。
Either day is OK. 两天中哪一天都行。
5. what，who，which，any，mare，some，half，mast，all，none.等代词可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要靠意思决定。但指不可数名词时作单数看待。
例如：Which is your book? Which are your books?
Here' s same mare (coffee). Here' re same more (tomatoes).
None of the books are/is easy enough for us.
Most of Most of
All of All of
Some of The money was stolen Some of The member was there.
Half of Half of
None of None of
Two thirds of Two third of
由Many a或mare than one所修饰的词做主语时，意义上虽然是复数，但谓语动词用单数形式。none在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数.
如：Many a person is far his plan. 很多人赞成他的计划。
Mare than one people is against his plan. 不止一个人反对他的计划。
6.表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的单位名词，尽管是复数形式，如果作整体看待，动词都用单数形式。如果看作组成该数量的一个一个的个体，则动词用复数。
如：Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 走二十英里可是很长的一段路。
Ten years is a long time。十年很长。
Eight minutes is enough. 八分钟够了。
Twelve dollars is too dear. 十二美圆太贵了。
There are six silver dollars in each of the stacking. 每只袜子里有六个一美元的银币。
7. “the+形容词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。表示抽象概念或指个别事物时谓语动词用单数。
如：The old are well taken care of. 老人得到很好的照顾。
The beautiful is laved by all. 人人都爱美，
The difficulty we do at once. The impassible takes a little loner.
困难的事情我们马上做。不可能的事情需要稍微长一点的时间。
还有the unknown(未知的事物)，the unexpected(出乎意料的事)，等等。
8. 如果主语由"a kind/sort/type of this kind/sort/type of +名词”组成，不管名词是单数还是复数，动词通常用单数。
如：This kind of man annoys me. =This kind of men annoys me. 这种人让我烦。
This kind of apple is very expensive. = This kind of apples is…这种苹果很贵。
类似的还有:a portion of(一部分)，a series of(一系列)，a pile of(一堆)，a panel of (一个小组委员会)，
如：A series of accidents has happened here. 这里发生过一系列事故。
9. Means作“方法、手段”讲时，单复数同形，其前面有each, every, neither, either,等单数a念的定语时，谓语动词用单数;若有all, both，these等复数概念的定语时谓语动词用复数。
“None of the means”作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
如：There is/are no means of learning what is happening. 没法知道正在发生什么事。
No means is /are left untried. 没有没试过的方法了。
Every means is to an end. 每一种手段都能达到一种目的。
A bicycle is a means of transport. 自行车是一种交通手段。
All possible means have/Every possible means has been tried.所有的方法都试过了。
三、就近一致
1.当主语由either...... or. neither...... nor , not only ...... but(also) 或or连接时，谓语动词通常和最临近的那个主语一致。
例如：Either you or he is to do the work. 不是你就是他来做这件事。
Not only you but also Tom often comes late to class. 不光是你，汤姆上课也迟到。
Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
孩子们和老师都不知道这件事。
2.当there be结构后面有并列主语时，谓语也和最临近的那个一致。
如：There is a dictionary and many books on the table.
桌子上有一本词典和许多本书。
There' re ten chairs and a table in the house.
屋子里有十把椅子和一张桌子。
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and same paper far you.
这儿有一支笔，几个信封和一些纸给你。
这种就近一致的情况在非正式文体中越来越普遍。但在下列情况不提倡模访。
如：Where is your mother and sisters?
你妈妈和你姐妹到哪儿去了?
Is your sister and her husband coming to see you?
你姐姐和姐夫要来看你吗?
One in ten are expected to take part in the contest.
预计每十个人就有一个要来参加这次比赛。
3.做主语的名词或代词后接with，together with，along with，as well as等短语时，谓语动词一般和前面名词或代词一致。这些短语前后可用可不用逗号。
如：A woman with a baby is coming to the hospital
一个妇女抱着个婴儿正向医院走来。
The girl, as well as the bays , has learned to drive a car.
这个姑娘和那些那孩子一样也学会了开汽车。
二、代词一致
代词一致是指句子中代词应在数、性、人称等方面彼此保持一致，
如：One must do one' s best to increase proction.
Everybody talked at the tap of his/their voice.
If anyone calls, tell him I' 11 be back in a moment. (him也可用him or her代替)
在写作中，如果表示不定的人，可以用you, we, one等，需要注意的是：同一篇文章中，只用同一个不定代词，而且所有格要与其一致。
三、肯定与否定一致
下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时，须作相应的变化:
肯定句 否定句
We've had some money. We haven't had any money.
I was talking to someone I wasn't talking to anyone.
They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never, seldom) visit us.
He has arrived already. He hasn't arrived yet.
Li is coming too. Li isn't coming either.
Both of us are going. Neither of us are going.
He likes both of them. He doesn't like either of them.
注意：“so/neither+助动词/情态动词+名词/代词”结构中须用倒装语序，
如：My wife likes classical music very much and so do.
She doesn' t like jazz and neither do.
❷ 求 九年级上册人教版英语1——6单元句型总结
一、 She used to be a history teacher.
【句型介绍】该句句意为她过去是一名历史老师。 used to do sth. 表过去经常做某事，暗示现在已不再如此，句中to后接动词原形。只能用于过去时态，并且可用于所有人称。其否定形式为used not to ... 疑问形式为Used you to ... ? Used he to ... ? 等。而在口语中或不太正式的书面语中，否定形式为didn't use to ...，疑问形式为Did you use to ... ? Did he use to ... ? 等。
He doesn't smoke these days, but he used to (somke). 他现在不抽烟，但是他以前抽。
【句式比较】 1. be used to do sth.，被动语态结构，意为被用来做某事，句中to后接动词原形。
This machine can be used to proce juice. 这台机器可以用来做果汁。
2. be / get used to (doing) sth.，习惯于做某事，句中to为介词，后接名词、代词、动名词。
I'm not used to the noisy city life here. 我不习惯这儿喧嚣的城市生活。
Are you used to singing loudly in public places? 你习惯在公共场所高声唱歌吗？
【特别提醒】注意各句型中to后面的动词形式。
二、 what is worse
【句型介绍】 意思为更糟糕的是，常作为插入语，强调后出现的情况比先出现的情况更糟糕，含有强烈的感情色彩，常可替换成worse than all /ever, to make the matter worse。
It was very dark outside, and what was worse, it began to rain. 外面很暗，而糟糕的是，天开始下雨了。
I started very late, and worse than all, I met with a traffic jam. 我出发得很迟，更糟糕的是，又遇到了交通阻塞。
【句式比较】 1. what's more，更何况，强调后出现的情况程度远远超过先出现的情况。
I'm not afraid of it, because I work hard, and what's more, many friends will help me. 这一点我并不害怕，因为我工作很努力，更何况许多朋友会帮我。
2. besides也有更何况之意，其用法与what's more相同。
I'm sure he will be fired, because he has been late so many times, and besides he has caused so much loss to our company. 我确信他肯定会被解雇，因为他迟到了这么多次，更何况他给我们公司造成了这么多损失。
【特别提醒】 通过语境区分各句型。
三、 We're having a family meeting.
【句型介绍】该句句意为我们要开一个家庭会议， are having从结构上看是现在进行时态，但它表达的是将来时态。在口语中come, go, fly, leave, move, travel等表位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示一般将来时态。
I'm leaving for Shanghai next Monday. 我下周一要去上海。
He's moving into a new house tomorrow. 他明天要搬进新房去。
The boy's father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by telegraph.
【句型介绍】该句中so ... that ... 表示如此......以致......，引导结果状语从句，so后面接形容词、副词原级。
She is so beautiful that many people like her. 她长得很漂亮，许多人都喜欢她。
so 有时出现在以that 引导的从句中表示非常的意思，如课本中出现的I'm so happy that you could come to England with us for the holidays.
【句式比较】
1. such ... that ...，如此......以致......，引导结果状语从句，such后面接名词顺序为such + a / an + adj. + n., 而so 修饰时为 so + adj. + a / an + n.。
It was such a wonderful film that I saw it many times. （It was so wonderful a film that I saw it many times.） 这场电影如此精彩以致于我看了很多遍。
It was such good news that he felt very excited at it. 这个消息很好，听到之后他感到很激动。
2. so that，意为以便......时，引导目的状语从句，此时so that前面没有逗号，后面常出现may, can等情态动词；意为结果......时，引导结果状语从句，此时so that前面常有逗号。
He started very early so that he could get there in time. 他出发得很早以便能及时到达那里。
【特别提醒】 着重从结构、逻辑、标点符号、习惯搭配等角度区分这些句型。
It's made of bamboo and animal's hair.
【句型介绍】 该句中be made of 表示由......制成，从成品中看得出原材料, 后面接材料。
This cup is made of paper. 这个杯子是由纸做的。
Those chairs are made of steel. 那些椅子是钢做的。
【句式比较】
1. be made from，由......制成，从成品中看不出原材料， 后面也接材料。
Bread is made from flour. 面包是由面粉做的。
2. be made in，由某地制造，后接产地。
This kind of car is made in Shanghai. 这种小汽车是上海造的。
Bikes can be made in our city. 我市能生产自行车。
3. be made into，......制成了......
Class is made into bottles. 玻璃可制成瓶子。
4． be made by, 由某人制造，后接生产者。
The coat is made by Miss Wang at home. 这件外衣是由王小姐在家里做的。
5． be made up of, 由......组成， 指某物或某组织由某种成分或成员组成。
This TV set is made up of hundreds of different parts. 这台电视机是由数百个不同的零件组装成的。
一、It seems that ...
[句型介绍] 意为似乎是......；看起来好像......，it为形式主语，that后引导的从句为真正主语。
It seems that they are talking about something.似乎他们在谈论什么。
[比较] seem to do sth.似乎在做......
He seems to be a clever boy.他看起来像个聪明的男孩。
二、make one's way
[句型介绍] 意为一路前进；向前。
The soldiers made their way in the thick snow.战士们在厚厚的雪地上前进。
The firemen are making their way out of the burning house. 消防队员们正从燃烧的房子里冲出来。
[比较] feel one's way 摸索着前进；lose one's way 迷路；push one's way 挤着前进；fight one's way杀出一条路。
It was very dark outside, so he had to feel his way.外面很暗，所以他不得不摸索着前进。
The child lost his way at the cinema and with the help of the policeman he found his way to go home. 这个小孩儿在电影院迷路了，在警察的帮助下他找到了回家的路。
There were so many people at the station that they had to push their way. 火车站的人真多，他们不得不挤着前进。
The soldiers fought their way out of the enemy's encirclement. 战士们从敌人的包围圈中杀出了一条路。
三、on one's way to
[句型介绍] 意为在某人去某地的途中，one's也可换成the，to后面接地点名词，若地点为副词，应省to。
On his / the way to Beijing, he found a secret. 在去北京途中他发现了一个秘密。
She met with a traffic accident on her / the way home.回家途中她遭遇了车祸。
[比较] on one's way from ... to ...在某人从......到......途中
On my / the way home, I picked up a wallet. 回家路上，我拾到了一只皮夹子。
On their / the way from Shanghai to Beijing, they discussed this matter. 在从上海到北京的途中，他们讨论了这个问题。
四、wait for one's turn to do sth.
[句型介绍] 意为等候轮到某人做某事，to do sth.为不定式作定语。
I am waiting for my turn to buy a ticket. 我在等着轮到我买票。
Are you waiting for your turn to take a bath? 你在等着洗澡吗？
[比较] It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事；take turns at doing sth. 轮流做某事。
Is it your turn to clean the blackboard? 今天轮到你擦黑板吗？
Whose turn is it to be on ty today? 今天轮到谁值日？
They took turns at watching at his bedside.他们轮流守护在他的床前。
[特别提醒] 这些句型中的turn均为名词，表依次轮流的顺序。
五、feel like doing sth.
[句型介绍] 意为想要做某事，feel like后面应接动名词作宾语。
I feel like having something to eat. 我想吃点儿东西。
Do you feel like going swimming? 你想去游泳吗？
[比较] would / should like to do sth. 愿意做某事，should 常用于第一人称，would用于各种人称。
I would like to stay at home this afternoon. 今天下午我想呆在家里。
六、stop sb. from doing sth.
[句型介绍] 意为阻止某人做某事，句中stop可换成prevent或keep，from也可以省去，但keep sb. from doing sth.中的from不可省。
What stopped you (from) coming to see me？什么事让你没来看我？
[比较] protect ... from保护......不受......侵害
An umbrella can protect us from the rain. 雨伞能保护我们不被雨淋湿。
七、stand on one's head
[句型介绍] 意为倒立，为身体姿势描绘用语。
The actress can stand on her head for five minutes. 这个女演员能倒立五分钟。
Can you stand on your head? 你会倒立吗？
[比较] stand on one's feet站着；stand on one foot 单足站立
Can you stand on one foot for an hour? 你能单脚站一个小时吗？
Having stood on his feet for a long time, he felt very tired.站了很长时间了，他感到累了。
八、not ... until ...
[句型介绍] 意为直到......才......，表某一动作或状态直到until或till所表示的时间为止才开始发生。
He didn't go home until 5 p.m. 直到下午五点，他才回家。
She didn't get married until she was thirty years old. 直到三十岁她才结婚。
[比较] do ... until / till，表示某一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止才结束，其谓语动词须为持续性动词。
He worked until the clock struck twelve.他一直工作到钟敲了十二点。
一、 lose oneself in
[句型介绍]意为沉溺于......，in为介词，后接名词、代词、动名词。
At the meeting, he lost himself in reading newspapers. 开会时，他读报入了神。
She often loses herself in deep thought when she is alone. 独自一人时，她经常沉溺于思考之中。
[比较] be lost in迷失方向；沉溺于......
Take care, and not to be lost in the woods again.当心别再在森林中迷路了。
[特别提醒] be lost in的主语为人称代词的主格或名词，而不能为反身代词。
二、 say to oneself
[句型介绍]意为心里想......，反身代词和主语在人称上应保持一致。
I woke up at six and said to myself, It's still early.我六点钟时醒了, 心想：还早呢。
When he heard what the teacher said, he said to himself, I should study hard. 当他听到老师的讲话时，心想我应当认真学习。
[比较] talk to oneself 自言自语，反身代词和主语在人称上也应保持一致。
An old man likes to talk to himself. 老人喜欢自言自语。
三、 主语（人） + spend ...(in) doing sth.
[句型介绍]该句表示某人花费时间做某事，spend后面需接表时间的名词，介词in可以省去。
He spent quite a lot of time (in) working out this maths problem. 他花了许多时间才解出了这道数学题。
How much time did you spend(in) reading this book? 读这本书花了你多长时间？
[比较]主语（人） + spend +金钱+ on sth.，花费金钱买某物；It costs /takes+时间+to do sth. 花费时间做某事；pay ... for ...，为......付款。
He spends most of his money on food.他把大部分钱用来买食物。
Did it take you much time to prepare for it?准备这件事花了你很多时间吗？
It cost me fifty yuan to buy this dictionary. 我花了五十元买了这本字典。
He paid twenty yuan for a pair of glasses. 他花了20元买了一副眼镜。
四、 I'm sure that ...
[句型介绍] 该句表示对某事有肯定的认识或判断。
I'm sure that she is an honest girl. 我肯定她是一个诚实的女孩。
Are you sure that she has stolen your pen? 你能肯定是她偷了你的钢笔吗？
[比较] I'm not sure if ...，表示对某事没有肯定的认识或判断，是I'm sure that 的否定句。
I'm not sure if he will come on time. 我无法确定他是否会按时来。
五、 get on with ...
[句型介绍] 意为在......取得进展；与......相处融洽，如果进展顺利或相处融洽, on后面可加well，但此时该句不可用于How引导的特殊疑问句。
-How are you getting on with your speech? 你的演讲准备得怎么样了？
-I'm getting on well with it. 进展顺利。
Can Tom get on well with his classmates? 汤姆能和他的同学融洽相处吗？
[比较] get along with，含义及用法与get on with相同。
He is getting along well with his new book. 他的新书写得很顺利。
He is easy to get along well with. 他很容易相处。
六、 be fed up with ...
[句型介绍] 意为对......感到厌烦。with为介词，后面应接名词、代词、动名词。
I'm fed up with working with him.我讨厌和他共事。
Are you fed up with eating the same food every day? 你讨厌每天吃同样的食物吗？
[比较] be tired of对......感到厌烦；讨厌......
I'm tired of dealing with such kind of man. 我讨厌和这样的人打交道。
复制下来就可以了，希望对你能有所帮助！
❸ 初三上册英语6单元翻译
下载个金山快译，可翻译网站。或点高级翻译，输入单词即可
❹ 初三上册英语第6单元课文翻译
到电脑上直接打就出来了啊...
❺ 初三上册英语前六单元短语及句型
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyEEC/ 初中英语 EEC
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyEEC/863/ 初中英语一年级上册EEC
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyEEC/864/ 初中英语二年级上册EEC
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyEEC/2424/ 初中英语 EEC
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyygzb/ 初中英语（广州版）
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyygzb/592/ 初中英语广州版
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyygzb/2427/ 初中英语广州版1
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyygzb/2428/ 初中英语广州版2
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyygzb/2429/ 初中英语广州版4
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyygzb/2430/ 初中英语广州版3
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyygzb/2431/ 初中英语广州版5
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyygzb/2432/ 初中英语广州版6
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyhbjndb/ 初中英语（河北&加拿大版）
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyhbjndb/2433/ 初中英语河北加拿大版读物
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyhbjndb/2434/ 初中英语河北加拿大版活动
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyhbjndb/2435/ 初中英语河北加拿大版学生用书
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyrjb/ 初中英语（人教版）
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyrjb/2371/ 初中英语人教版初一
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyrjb/2372/ 初中英语人教版2000年
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyrjb/2373/ 初中英语人教版初二
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyrjb/2374/ 初中英语人教版初三
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyysdb/ 初中英语（山东版）
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyysdb/2436/ 初中英语山东版六年级
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyysdb/2437/ 初中英语山东版七年级
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyysdb/2438/ 初中英语山东版八年级
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyshnjb/ 初中英语（上海&牛津版）
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyshnjb/2439/ 初中英语牛津版七年级
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyshnjb/2440/ 初中英语牛津版八年级
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyshnjb/2441/ 初中英语牛津版九年级
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyswb/ 初中英语（上外版）
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyswb/2442/ 初中英语上外版八年级
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyswb/2443/ 初中英语牛津版小学三年级下
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyszxglwb/ 初中英语（深圳&香港朗文版）
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyszxglwb/2444/ 初中英语深圳版第一册2004年
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyszxglwb/2445/ 初中英语深圳版第二册2004年
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyszxgwdb/ 初中英语（深圳&香港文达版）
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyszxgwdb/2446/ 初中英语深圳版第一册
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyszxgwdb/2447/ 初中英语深圳版第三册
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyszxgwdb/2448/ 初中英语深圳版第四册
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyszxgwdb/2449/ 初中英语深圳版第六册
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyszxgwdb/2450/ 初中英语深圳版第五册
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyszxgwdb/2451/ 初中英语深圳版第二册
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxbz/ 初中英语（新标准）
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxbz/2414/ 初中英语新标准初一上册课文
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxbz/2415/ 初中英语新标准初一上册词汇
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxmb/ 初中英语（新目标）
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxmb/593/ 新目标英语Go for it!
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxmb/2416/ 初中英语新目标七年级上(单词)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxmb/2417/ 初中英语新目标七年级上2004年
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxmb/2418/ 初中英语新目标九年级上
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxmb/2419/ 初中英语新目标八年级下讲解版
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxmb/2420/ 初中英语新目标八年级上(讲解)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxmb/2421/ 初中英语新目标八年级上(单词)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxmb/2422/ 初中英语新目标八年级上
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxmb/2423/ 初中英语人教新目标七年级下
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyylnjb/ 初中英语（译林&牛津版）
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyylnjb/2407/ 初中英语译林牛津版Word8A
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyylnjb/2408/ 初中英语译林牛津版Word7B
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyylnjb/2409/ 初中英语译林牛津版Word7A
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyylnjb/2410/ 初中英语译林牛津版8B
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyylnjb/2411/ 初中英语译林牛津版8A课文
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyylnjb/2412/ 初中英语译林牛津版7B课文
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyylnjb/2413/ 初中英语译林牛津版7A课文
http://www.rrting.com/English/njczyyylcbs/ 牛津初中英语（译林出版社）
· http://www.rrting.com/English/njczyyylcbs/2402/ 初中英语译林牛津版Word8A
· http://www.rrting.com/English/njczyyylcbs/2403/ 初中英语译林牛津版Word7A
· http://www.rrting.com/English/njczyyylcbs/2404/ 初中英语译林牛津版8A课文
· http://www.rrting.com/English/njczyyylcbs/2405/ 初中英语译林牛津版7A课文
· http://www.rrting.com/English/njczyyylcbs/2406/ 初中英语牛津版九年级上9A
http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/ 初中英语教材
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/705/ 初中英语语法
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/1087/ 初中英语七年级(视频版）
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/1089/ 初中英语八年级(视频版）
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/1090/ 初中英语九年级(视频版）
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/1164/ 初一英语单词(上)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/1165/ 初一英语单词(下)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/1166/ 初二英语单词(上)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/1167/ 初二英语单词(下)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/1168/ 初三英语单词(上)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/1169/ 初三英语单词(下)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/1170/ 初中英语一至三年级
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/1171/ 初中英语一至三年级
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/344/ 初中英语词汇7
❻ 九年级上学期英语1-6单元重要词组，句型，语法重点和用法！！
你花了我一个晚上的时间！希望能帮到你！
一、知识点
①英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态
主动语态表示是动作的执行者
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
Cats eat fish. （主动语态）猫吃鱼。
Fish is eaten by cats. (被动语态)鱼被猫吃。
②被动语态的构成
由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成
助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。
时态 被动语态结构 例句
一般现在 时 am
are +过去分词
is English is spoken in many countries.
一般过去 时 was +过去分词
were + 过去分词 This bridge was built in 1989.
情 态
动 词 can/should
may +be+过去分词
must/…… The work must be done right now.
③被动语态的用法
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态）如：
Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。
be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）如：
LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。
3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞
让/使（别人）做某事 get sth. done(过去分词)
have sth. done 如：
I get my car repaired. == I have my car repaired. 我让别人修好我的车
I want to have my hair cut. 我要理发.
4. enough 足够
形容词＋enough 如：beautiful enough 足够漂亮
enough＋名词 如：enough food 足够食物
enough to 足够…去做… 如：
I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。
She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。
5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.请停止说话。
stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事 Please stop to speak. 请停下来说话。
6. 看起来好像…sb. seem to do sth. = It seems that +从句
He seems to feel very sad.
It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。
7.倒装句:
由so＋助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词＋主语 意为：…也是一样
Neither/Nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为否定) 表示与前面所述事实一致.
She is a student. So am I. 她是一个学生，我也是。
She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是
She has finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。
She will go to school. So will he. 她将去学校，他也是。
Tom can’t swim. Neither can John.
8. yet 仍然，还 常用在否定句或疑问句当中 可与although/though连用
9. stay up 熬夜如：I often stay up until 12:00pm.我经常熬夜到12点。
10. clean up 打扫 整理 如：
I have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已经打扫完了卧室。
11. 程度副词：
always总是 usually经常 sometimes有时 never从不
如：I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school.
我总是/经常/有时/从不上学迟到。
12. 曾经做某事：
Do you ever get to school late? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Have you ever got to school late? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
13. go shopping(去购物), go fishing(去钓鱼)
go swimming(去游泳), go boating(去划船)
go hiking(去登山), go trekking(去徒步)
14. .be strict with+人. be strict in+事物.
例: The head teacher is strict with his students
He is strict in the work.
15. take the test 参加考试
pass the test 通过考试 fail a test 考试失败
16. the other day前几天,不久前的一天.(用于过去时)
every other day = every two days 每隔一天 （每两天）
17. agree 同意 反义词 disagree不同意 动词
agreement 同意 反义词 disagreement 不同意 名词
18. keep sb/ sth. ＋形容词 使某人/某物保持…. 如：
We should keep our city clean.（cleaningⅹ）我们应该保持我们的城市干净。
Don’t keep me waiting for a long time.别让我等得太久。
19. both…and… +动词复数形式
如： Both Jim and Li Ming play bastketball.
20. learn (sth.) from sb. 向谁学习(什么) 如：
Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语
21. have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事
have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事
如：I have an opportunity to go to Beijing. I have a chance of going to Beijing.
22. at present 目前
23. at least 最少 at most 最多
24. 花费 take ,cost, spend , pay
It take (sb.) time to do sth. It took (me) 10days to read the book.
sth. cost (sb.) …… The book cost (me) 100yuan.
sb. spend … on sth. She spent 10days on this book.
sb. spend …doing sth. She spent 10days reading this book.
sb. pay … for sth. She paid 10yuan for this book.
25. have +时间段+off 放假，休息 如：have 2 days off
off 不工作,不上班,不上学,不值班.
例: I think I’ll take the afternoon off. 我想下午歇班.
She is off today. 她今天休息.
I have three days off next week. 下周我有三天假.
They haven’t had a day off since last week. 从上周来,他们没休息过一天.
26. reply to 答复某人 如：She replayed to MrGreen.
27. agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea.
agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 如：I agree to LiLei.
28. get in the way of 碍事，妨碍 如：
Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。
29. success n. succeed v. successful adj. successfully adv.
30. think about 与think of 的区别
①当两者译为： 认为、想起、记着时，两者可互用
I often think about/ of that day. 我经常想起那天。
②think about 还有“考虑”之意 ，think of 想到、想出时两者不能互用
At last, he thought of a good idea. 最后他想出了一个好主意。
We are thinking about going Qinzhou. 我们正在考虑去钦州。
31. 对… 热衷， 对…兴趣
be serious about doing 如：She is serious about dancing. 她对跳舞热衷。
be serious about sth. 如：She is serious about him. 她对他感兴趣。
32. practice doing 练习做某事 She often practice speaking English.
33. care about sb. 关心某人 如：Mother often care about her son.
34. also 也 用于句中
either也 用于否定句且用于句末
too=as well 也 用于肯定句且用于句末
I am also a student. 我也是一个学生
I am a student too. 我也是一个学生。
I am not a student either. 我也不是一个学生。
35.allow sb to do sth 允许某人做… allow doing sth 允许做…
36.stupid silly foolish 三个词都有“蠢”的意思.但略有不同.stupid 程度最强,指智力 理解力 学习能力差. silly 指头脑简单,傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有感情色彩. foolish 尤其在口语中广泛使用.
例: He is stupid in learning math. 他学习数学很笨.
Stop asking such silly questions. 别再问这样傻的问题了.
You are foolish to throw away such a good chance.
你真蠢,丢掉这样一个好机会.
37.He doesn’t seem to have many friends.
=It seems that he doesn’t have many friends.
=He seems not to have many friends.
38.clean (v.) 打扫,清理
clean up 比较彻底地打扫,清理 clean out 打扫,清理地最彻底.
39.concentrate on… 全神贯注做…
例: He decided to concentrate on physics because he failed the exam.
This company concentrates on China market.
这家公司把重点放在中国市场上.
40. more…than…①与其说…不如说…; 比…更…
例: The man is more stupid than nervous.
与其说那人紧张,倒不如说他愚蠢.
②在这一结构中,more做adj. 修饰名词,表示“比…多”
例:I have more books than you. 我的书比你的多.
41.volunteer ① n. 自愿者. ② v. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做…
例: We all volunteered to help in the old people’s home.
我们都志愿到敬老院帮忙.
42. get in the way (of)... 妨碍...
例: He never gets in others’ way. 他从不妨碍别人.
The bikes over there will get in the way of others. 自行车放在那里会妨碍别人的.
43. success (n.) successful (adj.) succeed (v.)
44. only 处于句首,并后跟状语时,全句需要倒装.
例: Only then did he understand it. 只有到那时,他才明白.
Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有这样我们才能把英语学好.
Only when she came home, did he learn the news. 当她到家时,他才得知了这消息.
45. care about 关心,在乎,在意.
例: No one cares about others nowadays. 现在没人关心别人.
I don’t care about what he does. 我并不在意他干什么.
二、短语
1. be allowed to do sth 被允许干…
allow sb to do sth 允许某人干…
allow doing sth 允许干…
2. sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old boys and girls 16岁的孩子
3. part-time jobs 兼职工作
4. a driver’s license 驾照
5. on weekends 在周末
6. at that age 在那个年龄段
7. on school nights 在上学期间的每个晚上
8. stay up 熬夜
9. clean up (相当与及物动词) 清扫
10. fail (in) a test 考试不及格
11. take the test 参加考试
12. the other day 前几天
13. all my classmates 我所有的同学
14. concentrate on 全神贯注于
15. be good for 对…有益
16. in groups 成群的,按组的
17. get noisy 吵闹(系表结构)
18. learn from 向某人学习
19. at present 目前,现在
20. have an opportunity to do sth 有做…的机会
21.English-English dictionary 英英词典
22. at least 至少
23.eight hours’ sleep a night 每晚8小时的睡眠
24. an old people’s home 敬老院
25. take time to do sth 花费时间干…
26. primary schools 小学
27. have…off 放假,休息
28. reply to 回答,答复
29. get in the way of 妨碍
30. a professional athlete 职业运动员
31. achieve one’s dreams 实现梦想
32. think about 思考,考虑
33. in the end 最后,终于
34. be serious about 对…热忠/极感兴趣
35. spend…on + n. spend …(in) + v-ing 在…上花费时间/金钱
36. care about 关心,担心,在乎
37. agree with 同意…
三.句子
1. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced.
我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔.
2.They talk instead of doing homework. 他们聊天而不是做作业.
3.He is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm. 允许他们熬到晚上11点.
4.We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often.
我们应该被允许更加经常的花些时间多做这类事情.
5.What school rules do you think should be changed?
你认为学校的哪些制度应该改一改了?
6.The two pairs of jeans both look good on me.
这两条牛仔裤穿在我身上都适合.
7.The classroom is a real mess. 教室太脏了.
8.Should I be allowed to make my own decisions?
9.Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream.
只有这样我才能实现我的梦想.
10.They should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much as they want.
应该允许他们对业余爱好想练多长时间就练多长时间.
11.We have nothing against running. 我们没有理由反对他跑步.
❼ 急求初三上册的英语语法1——6单元
一、详细的定语从句讲解 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。 一、 限定性定语从句 1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢 3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略 4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句 6. when引导定语从句表示时间 〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格 8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导二、非限定性定语从句： 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。 I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。 We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。 3. 有时as也可用作关系代词 4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物三、定语从句结构错误 1. 缺关系词 2. 从句中缺成分 摘自《简明英语语法》 在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别： 限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如： Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located . 为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展，热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。 Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow. 洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。 They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before. 他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。 非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点"，"隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。 例如： Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy . （此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。）
更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。 The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an ecation and entertainment center . （此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ，computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为： The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an ecation and entertainment center .）卫星能传输信息，计算机能储存信息，电视能显示信息，把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。 The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情）。太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。 The old man has a son , who is in the army .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是："这位老人只有一个儿子" 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句： The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么，限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了："这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。）那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。二、定语从句用法详细讲解 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。三、初中定语从句的讲解与练习 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系
代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书 3）which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I"ll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。） （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） I"ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
❽ 初三上册英语第6单元知识点
prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事
prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事
remind sb of sb/sth 是某人想起....
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
❾ 九年级上册英语翻译 第六单元以后的！ 大恩不言谢呀！
http://bbs.jxjyzy.com/space/viewspacepost.aspx?postid=42749
❿ 初三英语上册1-6单元知识点 不要提供书 要现成的
动词不定式
一. 定义：
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。同时动词不定式又具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
二. 动词不定式的构成：to+动词原形
三. 动词不定式作宾语
后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。
We hope to get there before dark. 我们希望天黑以前到那儿。
The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。
动词不定式作宾语的注意事项（2点）
1. 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：
remember to do 记住要做某事
remember doing 记得曾经做过某事
forget to do忘记要做某事
forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事
stop to do 停下来去做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
go on to do 继续做另一件事
go on doing 继续做原来在做的事
I remember seeing you somewhere before.
我记得以前在哪儿见过你。
Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.
离开时请记得关好灯。
2. 不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。
如：He found it very difficult to get to sleep.
他发现很难入睡。
四. 动词不定式作宾语补足语
1. 后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。
The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老师要我们做练习一。
I want both of you to go. 我要你们俩去。
We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我们帮助她修理自行车。
2. 使役动词let, have, make及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。
Let’s have a rest. 我们休息一会吧。
I saw him come in. 我看见他进来了。
感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。
I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了这件事）
I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）
五. 动词不定式作状语
Later he left home to work in different cities. 不久他离开家到不同的城市工作。
He went to see a football match. 他去看足球比赛了。
In order to catch the other students, I must work hard.
为了赶上其他同学，我必须努力学习。
六. 动词不定式作定语
不定式作定语一般放在所修饰的词的后面。
I need something to eat.
Do you have something to read?
Tom was so excited that he had no word to say.
He is really a fool only to eat.
The man to stand here just now is our English teacher.
The doctor had no way to save the patient.
注意：
（1）作定语的不定式是由及物动词组成，被修饰的名词或代词与不定式之间存在方位或方式关系需要有介词。
I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一间住房。（方位关系）
We have many things to do experiments with.
我们有许多做实验的东西（方式关系）
（2）作定语的不定式是由“be + adj + prep”构成的动词短语。
Here there isn’t any book for me to be interested in.
We have done many things to proud of. 我们做了许多引以自豪的事。
七. 动词不定式作主语
To give is better than to receive.
To reach there on foot is impossible.
动词不定式作主语时，可以用it 代替，把实际主语不定式放在后面。
It’s better to give than to receive.
It’s impossible to reach there on foot.
It’s + adj + for sb. to do sth.
It’s not difficult for me to study English well.
It’s easy for him to work out this math problem.
在这个句型中，如果形容词与不定式的逻辑主语关系密切，并且形容词用来说明逻辑主语的性质、品质、特点等，由of引出逻辑主语。这类形容词主要有nice, kind, good, wrong, right等。
八. 动词不定式和疑问词连用
动词不定式可以和疑问词what, which, how, where, when连用，构成不定式短语，可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。
How to do is still a question.
Have you decided when to leave?
九. 动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定式是在to前加not；不带to的不定式则在动词前加not. 如：
Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里。
My mother let me not do it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。
被动语态
英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态
主动语态（The Active Voice）表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态（The Passive Voice）表示主语是动作的承受者。
构成：承受者+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
一般现在时：承受者+助动词am / is/are +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
一般过去时：承受者+助动词was / were +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
承受者+助动词shall / will be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
承受者+助动词 have/ has been+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
承受者+ can /may/must/should +be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
被动语态用法：
1）当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁，或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时，需用被动语态。
2）当我们需要强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态。
3）如果需要说出动作的执行者, 用by引导出动作的执行者。
主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
主动语态变为被动语态时有以下几种情况：
1）主语＋谓语动词＋宾语
将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
（主动）We bought a book yesterday.
（被动）The book was bought yesterday.
2）主语＋谓语动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
将主动语态中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。多数情况下将间接宾语变为主语。如果直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前要加介词to / for。
（主动）He showed me a book yesterday.
（被动）I was showed a book yesterday.
（被动）The book was showed to me yesterday.
3）主语＋谓语动词＋复合宾语
含有一个由宾语加宾语补足语构成的复合宾语，变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语保留不变，成为主语补足语。
（主动）I found him a good pupil. （宾语补足语）
（被动）He was found a good pupil. （主语补足语）
4）短语动词变为被动语态
有些短语动词相当于一个及物动词，其后可以接宾语，因此它们也有被动语态，但短语动词是不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时不可去掉其后面的介词或副词。
（主动）We should look after the patients very well.
（被动）The patients should be looked after very well by us.
5）宾语从句变为被动语态
若主动语态中是宾语从句，变为被动语态时常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。
It’s said that he passed the exam.
被动语态应注意的几个特殊问题：
（1）不及物动词带介词和介词宾语，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。
（主动）The students in class listen to the teacher carefully.
（被动）The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.
（2）当动词带有复合宾语时，并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”。
（主动）They make do all the work.
（被动）We were made to do all the work.
（主动）We often hear her sing English songs.
（被动）She is often heard to sing English songs.
（主动）I see him walk to school.
（被动）He is seen to walk to school.