英语选修八第4单元单词

『壹』 新课标的英语选修8的单词，急需

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选修8单词表

Unit 1

△California 加利福尼亚（州）
△Californian 加利福尼亚（州）人
△illustrate vt. 说明；阐明
distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的
distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著
△immigrant n. （从外国移入的）移民
live on 继续存在；继续生存
strait n. 海峡
△Bering 白令海峡
Arctic adj. 北极的；北极区的
the Arctic 北极
means n. 手段；方法
by means of… 用……办法；借助……
△prehistoric adj. 史前的
majority n. 大多数；大半
ministry n. （政府的）部；（全体）牧师；
牧师的职责
Catholic adj. 天主教的
n.天主教徒
△Alaska n. 阿拉斯加（州）
△San Francisco n. 圣弗朗西斯科（也称
旧金山）
△adventurer n. 冒险家
make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
△despite prep. 尽管；不管
hardship n. 苦难；困苦
elect vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人
federal adj. 联邦制的；联邦政府的
rail n. 铁路；扶手；（护栏的）横条
percentage n. 百分比；百分率
△Los Angeles n. 洛杉矶
Italy n. 意大利
Italian n. 意大利人；意大利语
adj.意大利人的；意大利语的
Denmark n. 丹麦（北欧国家）
keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）
△Hollywood n. 好莱坞；美国电影业
boom n. （人口、贸易的）繁荣
vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期
aircraft n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机
△Cambodian n. 柬埔寨人；柬埔寨语
Korea n. 韩国；朝鲜
Korean n. 韩国/朝鲜人；朝鲜/韩语
adj.韩国（人/语）的；
朝鲜（人/语）的
Pakistan n. 巴基斯坦
Pakistani adj. 巴基斯坦（人）的
n.巴基斯坦人
△immigrate vi. 移入（外国定居）
immigration n. 移民；移居入境
racial adj. 人种的；种族的
crossing n. 横渡；横越；十字路口；人行
横道
vice n. & adj. 代理；副职
nephew n. 侄子；外甥
pole n. 地极；电极；磁极
applicant n. 申请人
customs n. 海关；关税；进口税
socialist n. 社会主义者；社会党人
adj.社会主义者的
socialism n. 社会主义
occur vi. 发生；出现
cattle n. 牛（总称）
△Hispanic n. （美）讲西班牙语的美国人
indicate vt. 指出；指示；表明；暗示
back to back 背靠背
luggage n. 行李（<美>baggage）
shave vt. & vi. (shaved; shaved, shaven)
刮；剃
△cable n. 缆绳；绳索；电缆
△cable car 缆车；（美）有轨缆车
△Andrew Hallidie 安德鲁•海利迪
tram n. （有轨）电车
apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的；
表面上的
apparently adv. 显然地；显而易见地
brake n. 闸；刹车；制动器
Vi. & vt. 刹（车）；用制动器减速
conctor n. （公车）售票员；列车员；
（乐队）指挥
slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤
n.滑动；滑倒
△wharf n. 码头
bakery n. 面包房；面包厂
ferry n. 渡船；渡口
vt.摆渡；渡运
△Angel Island 天使岛
team up with 与……合作或一起工作
hire vt. & n. 租用；雇用
△fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的
mark out 划线；标出……界线
seagull n. 海鸥
take in 包括；吸收
angle n. 角；角度
a great/good many 许多；很多
apply for 申请；请示得到
nowhere adv. 无处；到处都无
△miserable adj. 痛苦的；悲惨的
punishment n. 处罚；惩罚
justice n. 公正；公平
mourn vt. & vi. 哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛
civil adj. 公民的；国内的；民间的
authority n. 权威；权力
(pl)当局；官方
reform vt. & vi. 改革；革新
n.改革；改造；改良
grasp vt. & n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会
△thoughtful adj. 关切的；体贴的；深思的
thankful adj. 感激的；感谢的
insert vt. 插入；嵌入

Unit 2

differ vi. 不同；相异
exact adj. 精确的；准确的
△cutting n. 剪枝；剪报；剪纸
twin n. 双胞胎之一；孪生儿之一
adj.成对的；成双的
△identical adj. 同一的；一模一样的
commercial adj. 商业的；贸易的
straightforward adj. 简单的；直接的；
坦率的
△complicated adj. 复杂的；难懂的
undertake vt. (undertook, undertaken)
着手；从事；承担
pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清
breakthrough n. 突破
procere n. 程序；步骤；手续
△nucleus n. 原子核；中心
△somatic adj. 躯体的；肉体的；
细胞体的
△embryo n. 胚；胚胎；萌牙时期
carrier n. 携带者；搬运工；运输工具
cast vt. (cast, cast) 扔；投；掷
cast down 沮丧；不愉快
altogether adv. 总共；完全地
arbitrary adj. 任意的
△fate n. 命运；天命
correction n. 改正；纠正；修正
object vi. 反对；不赞成
objection n. 不赞成；反对；异议
△impact n. 撞击；冲击；巨大的影响
medium n. 媒介；手段；工具
the media 大众传播媒体（如电视、报纸等）
obtain vt. 获得；赢得
attain vt. 获得；到达（水平、年龄、状况等)
moral adj. 道德（上）的；伦理的
conservative adj. 保守的；守旧的
forbid vt. (forbade,forbad; forbidden)
禁止；不准
accumulate vt. 积累；聚保
in favour of 赞成；支持
side road 旁路；支线；岔道 (<美>sidewalk)
constitution n. 宪法；章程
compulsory adj. 必须做的；义务的；
强迫的；强制的
opera n. 歌剧；歌剧团；歌剧院
chorus n. 合唱；合唱队
loaf n. 一条（面包）
flour n. 面粉
owe vt. 欠（账、钱、人情等）；归功于……
shortly adv. 立刻；不久
retire vi. 退休；离开
bother vt. 打扰
vi.操心
n.烦扰
(be) bound to (do) 一定或注定（做）……
assumption n. 假定；设想
regulation n. 规则；规章；法规
△nonsense n. 胡说；无稽之谈；废话
△popularity n. 受人喜爱；流行
△Jurassic Park 侏罗纪公园（美国电影名）
strike vi & vt. (struck, struck)
打；撞击；罢工
strike…into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心
△bison n. 北美或欧洲野牛
△calf n. 小牛；牛犊
from time to time 不时；偶尔
bring back to life 使复生；使复活
initial adj. 最初的；开始的
△DNA 脱氧核糖核酸
vain adj. 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的
in vain 白费力气；枉费心机
resist vt. 抵抗；对抗
drawback n. 缺点；不利条件
merely adv. 仅；只；不过
△restore vt. 恢复；使恢复原状；重建
△aurochs n. 原牛（古代欧洲野牛，已灭绝）
decoration n. 装饰
unable adj. 不能的；不会的
△great auk n. 大海雀（已灭绝）
feather n. 羽毛
△quagga n. 白氏斑马（已灭绝）
△fairly adv. 公平地；相当地
in good/poor condition 状况很好（坏）；
情况很好（坏）
turkey n. 火鸡
△dye vt. 给……染色；染
n.染色剂
claw n. 爪；脚爪
adore vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱
hatch vt. & vi. 孵出；孵卵；孵化
reasonable adj. 合情理的；讲道理的；
公道的

Unit 3

△amphibious adj. 两栖（类）的
△George Stephenson 乔治•斯蒂芬森
（英国发明家，蒸汽机的发明人）
patent n. 专利证书；专利权
call up 给……打电话
courtyard n. 院子；庭院；天井
now and then 偶尔；有时
walnut n. 胡桃；胡桃木
distinguish vi. & vt. 显示……的差别；
使……有所不同；辨别
merciful adj. 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的
proct n. 产品
powder n. 粉末；火药
set about 开始；着手
perfume n. 香水；香味
stainless adj.无锈的；不锈的；没有污点的
△jelly n. 果冻；果冻状物
cube n. 立方体；立方
cubic adj. 立方的
abrupt adj. 突然的；意外的
abruptly adv. 突然地；唐突地
convenient adj. 便利的；方便的；就近的
caution n. 小心；谨慎
expectation n. 预料；期待；期望
passive adj. 被动的；消极的；被动语态的
merry adj. 愉快的；高兴的
merrily adv. 高兴地；愉快地
seize vt. 抓住；捉住；夺
△recognition n. 认出；认可；承认
criterion n. （评判的）标准；尺度
△claim n. & vt. 要求；声称；主张
valid adj. 有效的；确凿的
file n. 文件；档案；文件夹
vt. 提交；将……归档
ripe adj. 熟的；成熟的
string n. 线；绳子；一串
glue n. 胶；胶水
vt.粘贴；粘合
△rod n. 杆；棒
freezing adj. 冰冻的；严寒的
greengrocer n. 果蔬商
（pl）蔬菜水果店
identification n. 鉴定；辨认；确定；
身份证明
directory n. 电话簿；商行名录
dial vt. 拨（电话）
rainfall n. 降雨
△courtroom n. 法庭；审判室
innocent adj. 清白的；无罪的；天真的
lantern n. 灯笼；提灯
bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担
jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱
△Alexander Graham
亚历山大•格雷厄姆•贝尔
△microphone n. 麦克风；话筒
forehead n. 额头
beaten track 被踩出来的路；常规；惯例
△occasionally adv. 偶然地；不时地
dive into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入
dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的；
动态的；发展变化的
set out (to do) 开始（做）
△multiple adj. 多种的；多样的；多类型的
n.倍数
△Morse 莫尔斯电码
dot n. 点；小圆点
vt. 以小圆点标出；分散
tap vt. 轻打；轻拍；轻敲
n.轻轻地敲击（声）；（水）龙头
wire n. 金属丝；电线
straw n. 稻草；麦秆；饮料吸管
△reproce vt. 复制；
再现……的形象或声音
current n. （水或气）流；电流
adj. 现在的；当前的
helicopter n. 直升飞机
triangle n. 三角形；三角形物体
△tetrahedron n. 四面体
stable adj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的
△invaluable adj. 无价的；极宝贵的
associate vt. 联想；联系
n.同伴；伙伴
practical adj. 实际的；实践的；实用的
△James Dyson 詹姆斯•戴森（英国发明家）
refrigerator n. 冰箱
court n. 法庭；法院；朝廷
extension n. 电话分机；扩大；延伸
hang on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住
out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障
get through 设法联系上（尤指打通电话）；
（设法）做完；通过
ring back 回复电话
ring off 挂断电话
version n. 版本；译本
competence n. 能力；胜利；本领
△competent n. 能胜任的；有能力的；
称职的
jeep n. 吉普车
personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员

Unit 4

△Pygmalion n. 皮格马利翁（希腊神话）
△George Bernard Shaw 乔治•伯纳德•萧 （也译萧伯纳，英国剧作家）
adaptation n. 适应（性）；改编本
classic adj. 经典的；第一流的
n.经典著作
caption n. （图片上的）说明文字；
（电视、电影）字幕；
（杂志等文章的）标题；韪
plot n. 情节；阴谋
professor n. 教授
△Higgins 希金斯 （姓）
△phonetics n. 语音学
△colonel n. （陆军）上校
△Pickering 皮克林（姓）
△fateful adj. 重要的；决定性的；
命中注定的
whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出汽笛声
n.口哨声；汽笛声
garment n. （一件）衣服（外套、裙、袍
等）
（pl）服装
woollen adj. 毛纺的；纯毛的（<美>woolen）
hesitate vi. 犹豫；踌躇
uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的；不安的；
不自在的
uncomfortably adv. 不舒服的；不自在地
troublesome adj. 带来麻烦的；使人心烦的
wallet n. 皮夹；钱包
outsome n. 结果；效果
thief n. 小偷；贼
handkerchief n. 手帕；手绢；纸巾
△disguise vt. 伪装；假扮；遮掩
n.伪装
△in disguise 伪装（的）；假扮（的）
mistaken adj. （见解或判断上）错误的；
不正确的
brilliant adj. 光辉灿烂的；杰出的；
才华横溢的
classify vt. 编排；分类；归类
remark n. 谈论；言论；评述
vt. & vi.谈论；评论；说起
betray vt. 显露出（本来面目）；背叛
upper adj. （位置或地位）较高的；
级别较高的
extraordinary adj. 不同寻常的；非凡的
condemn vi. 谴责；使……注定
△gutter n. 排水沟；阴沟；贫民区
properly adv. 适当地；恰当地
pass…off as… （把某人）改变或冒充成……
△chess n. 公爵夫人；女公爵
ambassador n. 大使；使节
acquaintance n. 相识；了解；熟人
make one’s acquaintance 结识；
与……相见
handful n. 一把；少量
△amazement n. 惊讶；惊愕
△in amazement 震惊；惊讶
fortune n. 机会；运气；大笔的钱
authentic adj. 真实的；真正的；可信的；
可靠的
generally speaking 一般来说
status n. 身份；地位；职位
superior adj. 优秀的；较高的；上级的
n.上级；长官
in terms of… 就……来说；从……角度
△disapprove vt. & vi. 不赞成；反对；
认为不好
rob vt. 抢劫；盗窃；剥夺
antique adj. 古时的；（因古老、稀少而）
珍贵的
n. 文物；古董；古玩
musical adj. 音乐的；喜爱音乐的
n.音乐喜剧
stocking n. 长袜
△believer n. 信徒；教徒
Buddhism n. 佛教
△Buddhist n. 佛教徒
adj.佛教的
△Buddha n. 佛
△vowel n. 元音；元音字母
△Pearce 皮尔斯（姓）
cookie n. 饼干
teapot n. 茶壶
cream n. 奶油；面霜
nail n. 指甲；钉子
show…in 带或领……进来
wax n. 蜡；蜜蜡
vt.上蜡
disk n. 磁盘
△wax disk 旧式唱片
shabby adj. 破旧的；寒酸的
△curtsy vi. （also curtsey） 行屈膝礼
n.（女子行的）屈膝礼
△shilling n. 先令（1971年以前的英国货
币单位，旧币的12便士）
referee n. 裁判员；仲裁者
compromise ni. & vi. 妥协；折衷
horrible adj. 可怕的；恐怖的
laundry n. 洗衣店；洗衣房；
（待洗的或洗好的）衣服
bathtub n. 浴缸；澡盆
sob vi. 啜泣；抽噎
n.啜泣（声）；抽噎（声）
waist n. 腰；腰部；腰围
vest n. 背心；内衣
disgusting adj. 使人反感的；令人厌恶的
once more 再一次
in need of 需要……
△heartily adv. 尽情地；热心地；痛快地
overlook vt. 俯视；忽视；不理会
alphabet n. 字母表
△effective adj. 有效的
fade vi. & vt.（使）褪色；减弱；逐渐消失
fade out （声音、画面）逐渐模糊；渐淡

Unit 5

△identify vt. 确认；识别；鉴别
alternative n. 可能的选择
adj. 供选择的；其他的
△archaeology n. 考古学(<美>archeology)
△archaeological adj. 考古学的；
与考古学有关的 (<美>archeological)
△archaeologist n. 考古学家
(<美>archeologist)
starvation n. 挨饿；饿死
tentative adj. 试探性的；不确定的
accuracy n. 精确；准确
△excavate vt. 挖掘；发掘
△excavation n. 挖掘；发掘
interrupt vt. & vi. 打断……讲话；打岔；
暂时中断或中止
acute adj. 有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；
深刻的
assume vt. 假定；设想
regardless adv. 不管；不顾
regardless of 不管；不顾
mat n. 席子；垫子
quilt n. 被子；棉被
beast n. 野兽
at most 至多；最多
centimetre n. 厘米 (<美>centimeter)
sharpen vi. & vt. （使）锋利；尖锐；清晰
sharpener n. 磨具；削具
cut up 切碎
△scrape vt. 擦净；削平；磨光
△scraper n. 刮刀；刮削器
ample adj. 足够的；充足的；富裕的
messy adj. 凌乱的；脏的
primitive adj. 原始的；远古的；简陋的
△bead n. 小珠子；滴
botany n. 植物学
botanical adj. 植物学的；
与植物学有关的
analysis n. 分析
seashell n. 海贝壳
ripen vt. & vi. 使……成熟；成熟
category n. 种类；类别；范畴
significance n. 意义；意思；重要性；
重要意义
somehow adv. 以……方式；不知怎么地
systematic adj. 有系统的；有计划的；
有条理的
spit vt. (spat, spit; spat, spit) 吐出（唾液、食物等）
vi.吐痰
delete vt. 删；删除
album n. 相册；集邮册；唱片
scratch n. （刮、抓、划的）痕迹；搔；挠
vt. 搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏
academy n. 学院；学会；学术团体；院校
receptionist n. 接待员；招待员
onion n. 洋葱
kindergarten n. 幼儿园
skateboard n. 滑板
fed up with 受够了；饱受；厌烦
yogurt n. 酸乳酷；酸奶
radioactive adj. 放射性的；有辐射能的
radioactivity n. 放射性
division n. 分割；划分；分配；分界线
BC 公元前
melon n. （各种）瓜
wrinkle n. 皱纹
pulse vi. 强烈而有规律地跳动；搏动
n.脉搏；节拍
△vein n. 血管；静脉
applaud vi. & vt. 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏
look ahead 向前看；为将来打算
howl vt. & vi. 嗥叫；叫喊；吼叫
accelerate vi. & vt. 加速；促进
spear n. 矛；枪
arrest vt. 逮捕；吸引
n.逮捕；拘留
dizzy adj. 晕眩的；昏乱的；
使人发晕或困惑的
△eyebrow n. 眉毛
△cheekbone n. 颧骨
△arrowhead n. 箭头
△axe n. 斧；斧子
hammer n. 铁锤；锤子
gay adj. 快乐的；欢快的
gaily adv. 快乐地；轻松地
skilful adj. 有技巧的；熟练的
(<.美>skillful)
date back 追溯到……
punctuation n. 标点符号
△worship vt. & vi. 崇拜；敬奉
n.崇拜；敬神
△craftsmanship n. 技艺；手艺； 精工细作

『贰』 八年级英语上册4单元单词表

Unit 4 What's the best movie theater?
theater ['θɪətə],['θi:ətər] (=theatre) n.戏院；剧场p.25
comfortable ['kʌmfə(r) təbl] adj.使人舒服的；舒适的 p.25
seat [siːt] n.座位；坐处（如椅子等） p.25
screen [skriːn] n.银幕；屏幕 p.25
close [kləʊs] adj.(在空间、时间上)接近 p.25
ticket ['tɪkɪt] n.票；入场券 p.25
worst [wɜːst]adj.最坏的；最差的
cheaply['tʃiːpli] adv.廉价地；粗俗地
song [sɒŋ]n.歌曲；歌唱
choose [tʃuːz]v.选择；决定
carefully['keəfəli] adv.小心地,认真地
reporter[rɪ'pɔːtə(r)] n.记者
fresh[freʃ] adj.新鲜的；清新的
comfortably['kʌmftəbli] adv.舒服地；容易地；充裕地
worse [wɜːs]adj.更坏的；更差的
service['sɜːvɪs] n.服务
pretty['prɪti] adv.相当地adj.漂亮的
menu ['menjuː]n.菜单
act [ækt]v.行动；表演
meal[miːl] n.一餐；膳食
so far到目前为止；迄今为止
noproblem没什么；不客气
creative[kri'eɪtɪv] adj.创造的,创造性的；
performer[pə'fɔːmə(r)] n.表演者；执行者
talent['tælənt] n.天赋；才能,才艺；
common['kɒmən] adj.常见的；共同的；普通的
magician[mə'dʒɪʃn] n.魔术师；术士
beautifully['bjuːtɪfli] adv.美丽地；完美地；
role [rəʊl]n.作用；角色
winner['wɪnə(r)] n.获胜者
prize[praɪz] n.奖品；奖金
everybody['evribɒdi] pron.每人；人人
example [ɪɡ'zɑːmpl]n.例子；榜样
poor [pɔː(r)]adj.可怜的；贫穷的
seriously['sɪəriəsli] 严重地,严肃地
give [ɡɪv]v.给；赠予；送
crowded['kraʊdɪd] adj.拥挤的
have…incommon有相同特征
all kindsof各种各样；各种类型
be up to是…….的职责；由…….决定
play arole发挥作用；有影响
makeup编造
forexample例如
take…seriously认真对待

『叁』 英语选修8单词表

VERB PHRASES
1. be able to do能够做
After paying great efforts, he is able to speak English fluently.
2. be about to do正要做
As I was about to say, you interrupted me.
3. add… to…把……加……
If you add 5 to 5, you get ten.
If the tea is too strong, add some hot water.
This adds to our difficulties.
4. be afraid of 害怕
I was afraid of hurting her feelings.
5. go against反对
We don't agree with the proposal, because it goes against the law.
6. agree on达成一致
We agreed on an early start/making a early start.
We all agree on the terms.
7.agree to do同意做
My father has agreed to buy me a new computer.
8. agree with同意某人（或其想法、观点、认识等）；与……相符
I don't agree with you on this point.
Your story agrees with what I had already heard.
The climate doesn't agree with me.
The mussels I had for lunch haven't agreed with me.
The verb agrees its subject in number and person.
9. be angry with对……生气
He was angry with himself for having made such a foolish mistake.
He was angry at being kept waiting.
10. be anxious about对……担心
I was anxious about my son's health.
11. apply for申请
I have applied to the Consul for the visa.
12. take sth. in one's arms把……抱在怀里
She took a bunch of roses in her arms.
13. take up arms拿起武器
We should take up our arms to defend our motherland.
14. arrive in/at a place达到某地
My brother will arrive in Beijing next Monday.
I arrive at the school every morning at a regular time.
15. ask (sb.) for sth.向（某人）要某物
You shouldn't ask your parents for money any more.
16. pay attention to对……注意
When you write an essay, you have several things to pay attention to.
17. be away from远离……
When you friend is in trouble, don't be away from him/her; instead, you should try your best to help.
18. go/run away逃跑
It's dangerous! Go/run away immediately.
19. beat… to death将……打死
He was nearly beat to death once after he was caught stealing.
20. go to bed上床休息
I was so tired that I went to bed earlier than before.
21. make the bed铺床
You are old enough to make the beds by yourself.
22. beg one's pardon请某人再说一遍
Sorry I didn't catch it. I beg your pardon.
23. begin… with以……开始
The party began with a cheerful song.
24. believe in信仰
In western countries, many people believe in God.
25. belong to属于
That Taiwan belongs to China should be unquestionable.
26. do one's best尽最大的努力
If you have done your best, then there's nothing to regret.
27. had better最好
You had better stop smoking.
28. blow away吹走
The wind blew the heat away.
29. take a boat乘船
I took a boat to go to the island in the center of the lake.
30. be born出生
He was born in a wealthy family.
31. break away from从……脱离，断绝关系
We won't say "Yes" to anyone's breaking away from our country.
Can't you break away from old habits?
32. break down（指计划、打算）破灭；（机器）坏了；（身体状况）变差
Our plans have broken down.
Negotiations between the two countries have broken down.
The engine broke down.
His health broke down after the death of his wife.
Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.
33. break into破门而入
His house was broken into last week.
34. break off 从中间打断
He broke off in the middle of a sentence.
Let's break off for an hour and have some tea.
The mast broke off.
35. break out（指战争、灾难、争吵等）突然爆发
A fire broke out ring the night.
The quarrel broke out afresh.
36. break the rules违反规则
Everyone in the group mustn't break the rules.
37. break up击碎、驱散 终止 结束 分裂 分开 分手放学
The ship was breaking up on the rocks.
The gathering broke up in disorder.
The police broke up the crowd.
38. hold one's breath屏住呼吸
He held his breath and sneaked into his room.
39. bring down击落、打倒
A moment ago, we brought down a hostile aircraft.
We should bring down the tyrant.
40. bring in赚得、赢得（利润）
His farms bring (him) in $20000 a year.
The program brings in a new fashion.
41. bring on导致……结果
He was out all day in the rain and this brought on a bad cold.
The fine weather is bringing the crops on nicely.
The coach is bringing on some youngsters in the reserve team.
42. bring up抚养
She has brought up five children.
If children are badly brought up they behave badly.
43. build up建立；恢复（身体状况等）
He has built up a good business.
He went on holiday and soon built up his health.
44. burn…to the ground把……夷为平地
The Japanese invaders burnt the houses to the ground.
45. burn down烧光
The house was burnt down.
46. burst into laughter.突然爆发大笑
On seeing the amusing scene, she burst into laughter.
47. burst into tears突然大哭
She suddenly burst into tears.
48. be busy doing/with sth.忙于做某事
We are busy preparing for/with the exam.
49. call at (a place)拜访某地
I called at the tailor's a couple of days ago.
50. call back回电话
I will call back later.
51. call for到某地取东西；接人；要求；呼吁
A man calls every Monday for old newspapers.
I'll call for you at 6 o'clock.
The occasion calls for prompt action.
People all over the world call for peace.
52. call in请（医生）
Please call in a doctor at once.
53. call on拜访某人
My uncle called on me yesterday on his way home.
54. take care of照顾；负责
The nurse took good care of the patients.
Here, let me take care of the cleaning.
These are the devices that take care of the waste from the factory.
55. care for 担心、关心、想
My parents care for my safety when I travel by myself.
The elders should care for the younger generation.
Would you care for a game of table tennis?
56. carry off夺走（生命）；取得（奖励等）
The terrible war carried off her father's life.
Tom carried off all the school prizes.
57. carry on进行
The discussion carried on after a short break.
58. carry out实施
The plan has to be carried out as soon as possible.
59. catch fire起火
This material is easy to catch fire. Be careful.
60. catch up with赶上
I have to study even harder than before in order to catch up with my peers.
61. change…for把……换成
The shirt is too big. Can I change for another one.
62. change…into把……变成
He changed into his working clothes when he began to work.
63. change one's mind改变主意
I persuaded him to change his mind.
64. check out核对，检查
Would you help me to check out the names and numbers.
He checked out and left the hotel.
65. clear away收拾，整理
Please help me to clear away the tea things.
66. clear up（指天）晴朗；清理
The weather/sky is clearing up.
Clear up the desk before you leave the office.
67. catch/take cold; have a cold感冒
He was absent because he caught cold last night.
68. come about产生……结果
How does it come about half of the class are absent?
69. come across碰巧遇到；突然想起
I came across this old brooch in a curio shop.
The thought came across my mind that we …
70. come back回想起来
Their names are all coming back to me now.
71. come down（指雨）下得很大；（指气温）下降
The rain came down in bucketfuls.
The temperature came down suddenly.
72. come from来自
Much of the butter in England comes from New Zealand.
73. come off脱落
The button has come off my coat.
74. come on加油
Come on! Let's race to the bottom of the hill.
75. come out出现；（指花）开放；
The stars come out.
The flowers are coming out.
When will his new book come out?
76. come to（指数字）达到
The total number of people who attended the conference came to 1000.
77. come true（指梦想）实现
I hope that my dream will come true one day in the future.
78. come up 上升; 出现; 讨论
He came up the hard way.
The question hasn't come up yet.
79. compare with与……比较
Compared with ecation in western countries, China has her own special features.
80. compare to把……比作
Teachers are sometimes compared to candles.
81. connect to 与……联系
It's a railway that connects Beijing to Shenzhen.
82. connect with与……联接
Where does cooker connect with the gas-pipe?
83. be considered as被认为是
She is considered as the best teacher in our school.
84. consider doing sth.考虑做……
I'm considering moving abroad.
85. be covered with被……覆盖
The ground was covered with heavy snow.
86. cut down砍倒
Don't cut down the young trees.
87. cut off砍掉；截断
Don't cut your fingers off!
The enemy had cut off our food supply.
89. cut up切碎
I'll cut up the meat.
90. date from起始于
The temple dates from over a thousand years ago.
91. deal with处理；对付；相处；涉及
How do you deal with the difficulties?
The man is hard to deal with.
The book deals with health problems.
92. do a good deed做好事
During his lifetime, Lei Feng had done many good deeds.
93. depend on取决于；信任
Whether we go to park this weekend depends on the weather.
You can always depend on Jim, for he is an honest man.
It depends on you. Any time is all right for me.
94. devote to把（时间、精力等）专注于……
Mary Curio devoted all her life to the research of radiation matters,
95. die of死于
He dies of a disease.
96. die out绝种
Many old customs are graally dying out.
97. be different from与……不同
The picture on the right is different from the one on the left.
98. divide up把……分开
We divided the money up equally.
How shall we divide the work up?
99. divide into把……分成（几部分）
The house was divided into two parts.
100. do sb. a favor给某人帮忙
Would you do me a favor?
101. do well in在……方面表现好
He did well in maths when he was in high school.
102. do wrong犯错误，犯罪
He was sentenced three years for his doing wrong.
103. dream of梦想
I am always dreaming of traveling around the world.
104. drop in顺路拜访
Some friends dropped in to tea.
105. earn one's living挣钱维持生计
She earned her living by writing.
106. eat up吃光
He was so hungry that he ate up all the food on the table.
107. have an effect on对……有影响
Her childhood life had a great effect on her later life.
108. end up结束（一般是不太好的结果）
If you continue stealing you will end up in prison.
109. fall asleep入睡
He was so tired that he fell asleep very soon.
110. fall behind落后
He always falls behind when we're going uphill.
111. fall down摔倒
Babies often fall down when they are learning to walk.
The basket is full of eggs -don't let it fall down.
112. fall ill生病
He has fallen ill.
113. fall in love with与……相爱
He fell in love with an actress.
114. fall off从……摔下
The daily number of passengers by this line shows a slight falling off.
The naughty boy fell off the tree when he reached the bird nest.
115. fall over摔入
He fell over into the water and broke his legs.
116. fall to pieces摔成碎片
The window was broken and fell to pieces.
117. be familiar with与……熟悉
He was familiar with English and did the translation work well.
118. be famous for因……出名
Bill Gates is famous for his greatest fortune of the world.
119. feel like doing想做……
I don't feel like eating too much.
120. fill in填写
Please fill in the application forms before you go for a interview.
121. find out找出事实真相
I made up mind to find out the truth.
122. be fit for对……合适
She is the very person who is fit for the position.
123. fix up给某人提供住宿；安排
I'll fix you up for the night. Don't worry about that.
My secretary has fixed up a meeting with you.
Please fix your drawers up.
124. be fond of喜欢……
I was very fond of teaching, so I decided to work in a high school as a teacher.
125. set free解放
One of the great contributions Lincoln had made was setting the slaves free.
126. make friends with与……交朋友
She was very popular, and she had made lots of friends after she moved to the new school.
127. be full of充满……
The hall was full of crowds of people.
128. make fun of开……的玩笑
Never make fun of the disabled people.
129. get along with与……相处
She is getting along with her studies and new friends well.
130. get away逃走
Two of the prisoners got away.
131. get back回来
You can arrange you time yourself after school as long as you get back before 10p.m.
132. get close to接近
In order to be a famous actor, he tried to get close to those movie stars.
133. get down下车
Remember to get down after three stops.
134. get down to集中精力做……
I should get down to my work after the long holiday.
135. get in（表示火车）进站；收割
Th train got in five minutes early.
Farmers get in harvest in September.
136. get in touch with与……取得联系
I've lost my phone book, so I can't get in touch with my old friends.
137. get into the habit of形成某种习惯
After coming here, I've got into the habit of getting up early in the morning.
138. get married结婚
He has got married and has the twins.
139. get off
We got off immediately after breakfast.
She got off the scarf after getting in.
140. get rid of摆脱，除掉
We should get rid of bad habits.
141. get though接通；通过（考试）；
I rang you several times yesterday but couldn't get through.
Tom failed but his sister got through.
142. get together聚会
We got together to celebrate the New Year's Day.
143. give a talk作演讲
A well known expert is supposed to give a talk tomorrow afternoon.
144. give advice提建议
We need friends to give advice.
145. give back还回
You should give back what you've borrowed.
146. give birth to生育
The mother panda gave birth to two baby pandas yesterday.
147. give in让步，退让
The rebels were forced to give in.
Mary usually has to give in to her big brother.
148. give off放出（某种气体、光、射线等）
The special matter gives off radiation.
149. give out消耗尽；分发
Our food supplies began to give out.
Her patience gave out.
Please help me to give out the books.
150. give up放弃
Don't give up when you get in trouble.
151. go ahead向前，前进
Don't mind it. Please go ahead.
152. go bad变质
Food is easy to go bad in summer.
153. go by经过
Time went by slowly.
154. go for a walk去散步
Let's go for a walk after dinner.
155. go off（指枪）走火；（食物）变坏；（演员）下场
The gun went off by accident.
This milk has gone off.
Hamlet goes off.
156. go on继续
Don't stop. Go on please.
How much longer will the hot weather go on?
157. go on doing sth.继续做某事
Never give up! Go on trying.
I hope it won't go on raining all day.
158. go on with one's work继续某人的工作
Let's stop here today. We'll go on with our work tomorrow.
159. go out（灯）熄灭；参加社交活动
There was a power cut and all the lights went out.
She still goes out a great deal, even at seventy-five.
160. go through浏览；翻找；经历（苦难）
Go through all the exercises before you start the listening practice.
The police went through the pockets of the suspected thief.
My grandfather is a real man who has gone through hardships.
161. go up上升
suggestions.

我的就是人教新课标的

『肆』 英语选修8单词

选修8

Unit 1

△California 加利福尼亚（州）
△Californian 加利福尼亚（州）人
△illustrate vt. 说明；阐明
distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的
distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著
△immigrant n. （从外国移入的）移民
live on 继续存在；继续生存
strait n. 海峡
△Bering 白令海峡
Arctic adj. 北极的；北极区的
the Arctic 北极
means n. 手段；方法
by means of… 用……办法；借助……
△prehistoric adj. 史前的
majority n. 大多数；大半
ministry n. （政府的）部；（全体）牧师；牧师的职责
Catholic adj. 天主教的 n.天主教徒
△Alaska n. 阿拉斯加（州）
△San Francisco n. 圣弗朗西斯科（也称旧金山）
△adventurer n. 冒险家
make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
△despite prep. 尽管；不管
hardship n. 苦难；困苦
elect vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人
federal adj. 联邦制的；联邦政府的
rail n. 铁路；扶手；（护栏的）横条
percentage n. 百分比；百分率
△Los Angeles n. 洛杉矶
Italy n. 意大利
Italian n. 意大利人；意大利语adj.意大利人的；意大利语的
Denmark n. 丹麦（北欧国家）
keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）
△Hollywood n. 好莱坞；美国电影业
boom n. （人口、贸易的）繁荣
vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期
aircraft n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机
△Cambodian n. 柬埔寨人；柬埔寨语
Korea n. 韩国；朝鲜
Korean n. 韩国/朝鲜人；朝鲜/韩语 adj.韩国（人/语）的；朝鲜（人/语）的
Pakistan n. 巴基斯坦
Pakistani adj. 巴基斯坦（人）的 n.巴基斯坦人
△immigrate vi. 移入（外国定居）
immigration n. 移民；移居入境
racial adj. 人种的；种族的
crossing n. 横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道
vice n. & adj. 代理；副职
nephew n. 侄子；外甥
pole n. 地极；电极；磁极
applicant n. 申请人
customs n. 海关；关税；进口税
socialist n. 社会主义者；社会党人 adj.社会主义者的
socialism n. 社会主义
occur vi. 发生；出现
cattle n. 牛（总称）
△Hispanic n. （美）讲西班牙语的美国人
indicate vt. 指出；指示；表明；暗示
back to back 背靠背
luggage n. 行李（<美>baggage）
shave vt. & vi. (shaved; shaved, shaven) 刮；剃
△cable n. 缆绳；绳索；电缆
△cable car 缆车；（美）有轨缆车
△Andrew Hallidie 安德鲁•海利迪
tram n. （有轨）电车
apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的
apparently adv. 显然地；显而易见地
brake n. 闸；刹车；制动器 Vi. & vt. 刹（车）；用制动器减速
conctor n. （公车）售票员；列车员；（乐队）指挥
slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 n.滑动；滑倒
△wharf n. 码头
bakery n. 面包房；面包厂
ferry n. 渡船；渡口 vt.摆渡；渡运
△Angel Island 天使岛
team up with 与……合作或一起工作
hire vt. & n. 租用；雇用
△fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的
mark out 划线；标出……界线
seagull n. 海鸥
take in 包括；吸收
angle n. 角；角度
a great/good many 许多；很多
apply for 申请；请示得到
nowhere adv. 无处；到处都无
△miserable adj. 痛苦的；悲惨的
punishment n. 处罚；惩罚
justice n. 公正；公平
mourn vt. & vi. 哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛
civil adj. 公民的；国内的；民间的
authority n. 权威；权力 (pl)当局；官方
reform vt. & vi. 改革；革新 n.改革；改造；改良
grasp vt. & n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会
△thoughtful adj. 关切的；体贴的；深思的
thankful adj. 感激的；感谢的
insert vt. 插入；嵌入
Unit 2

differ vi. 不同；相异
exact adj. 精确的；准确的
△cutting n. 剪枝；剪报；剪纸
twin n. 双胞胎之一；孪生儿之一 adj.成对的；成双的
△identical adj. 同一的；一模一样的
commercial adj. 商业的；贸易的
straightforward adj. 简单的；直接的；坦率的
△complicated adj. 复杂的；难懂的
undertake vt. (undertook, undertaken) 着手；从事；承担
pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清
breakthrough n. 突破
procere n. 程序；步骤；手续
△nucleus n. 原子核；中心
△somatic adj. 躯体的；肉体的；细胞体的
△embryo n. 胚；胚胎；萌牙时期
carrier n. 携带者；搬运工；运输工具
cast vt. (cast, cast) 扔；投；掷
cast down 沮丧；不愉快
altogether adv. 总共；完全地
arbitrary adj. 任意的
△fate n. 命运；天命
correction n. 改正；纠正；修正
object vi. 反对；不赞成
objection n. 不赞成；反对；异议
△impact n. 撞击；冲击；巨大的影响
medium n. 媒介；手段；工具
the media 大众传播媒体（如电视、报纸等）
obtain vt. 获得；赢得
attain vt. 获得；到达（水平、年龄、状况等）
moral adj. 道德（上）的；伦理的
conservative adj. 保守的；守旧的
forbid vt. (forbade,forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不准
accumulate vt. 积累；聚保
in favour of 赞成；支持
side road 旁路；支线；岔道 (<美>sidewalk)
constitution n. 宪法；章程
compulsory adj. 必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的
opera n. 歌剧；歌剧团；歌剧院
chorus n. 合唱；合唱队
loaf n. 一条（面包）
flour n. 面粉
owe vt. 欠（账、钱、人情等）；归功于……
shortly adv. 立刻；不久
retire vi. 退休；离开
bother vt. 打扰 vi.操心 n.烦扰
(be) bound to (do) 一定或注定（做）……
assumption n. 假定；设想
regulation n. 规则；规章；法规
△nonsense n. 胡说；无稽之谈；废话
△popularity n. 受人喜爱；流行
△Jurassic Park 侏罗纪公园（美国电影名）
strike vi & vt. (struck, struck) 打；撞击；罢工
strike…into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心
△bison n. 北美或欧洲野牛
△calf n. 小牛；牛犊
from time to time 不时；偶尔
bring back to life 使复生；使复活
initial adj. 最初的；开始的
△DNA 脱氧核糖核酸
vain adj. 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的
in vain 白费力气；枉费心机
resist vt. 抵抗；对抗
drawback n. 缺点；不利条件
merely adv. 仅；只；不过
△restore vt. 恢复；使恢复原状；重建
△aurochs n. 原牛（古代欧洲野牛，已灭绝）
decoration n. 装饰
unable adj. 不能的；不会的
△great auk n. 大海雀（已灭绝）
feather n. 羽毛
△quagga n. 白氏斑马（已灭绝）
△fairly adv. 公平地；相当地
in good/poor condition 状况很好（坏）；情况很好（坏）
turkey n. 火鸡
△dye vt. 给……染色；染 n.染色剂
claw n. 爪；脚爪
adore vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱
hatch vt. & vi. 孵出；孵卵；孵化
reasonable adj. 合情理的；讲道理的；公道的
Unit 3

△amphibious adj. 两栖（类）的
△George Stephenson 乔治•斯蒂芬森
（英国发明家，蒸汽机的发明人）
patent n. 专利证书；专利权
call up 给……打电话
courtyard n. 院子；庭院；天井
now and then 偶尔；有时
walnut n. 胡桃；胡桃木
distinguish vi. & vt. 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
merciful adj. 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的
proct n. 产品
powder n. 粉末；火药
set about 开始；着手
perfume n. 香水；香味
stainless adj.无锈的；不锈的；没有污点的
△jelly n. 果冻；果冻状物
cube n. 立方体；立方
cubic adj. 立方的
abrupt adj. 突然的；意外的
abruptly adv. 突然地；唐突地
convenient adj. 便利的；方便的；就近的
caution n. 小心；谨慎
expectation n. 预料；期待；期望
passive adj. 被动的；消极的；被动语态的
merry adj. 愉快的；高兴的
merrily adv. 高兴地；愉快地
seize vt. 抓住；捉住；夺
△recognition n. 认出；认可；承认
criterion n. （评判的）标准；尺度
△claim n. & vt. 要求；声称；主张
valid adj. 有效的；确凿的
file n. 文件；档案；文件夹 vt. 提交；将……归档
ripe adj. 熟的；成熟的
string n. 线；绳子；一串
glue n. 胶；胶水 vt.粘贴；粘合
△rod n. 杆；棒
freezing adj. 冰冻的；严寒的
greengrocer n. 果蔬商（pl）蔬菜水果店
identification n. 鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明
directory n. 电话簿；商行名录
dial vt. 拨（电话）
rainfall n. 降雨
△courtroom n. 法庭；审判室
innocent adj. 清白的；无罪的；天真的
lantern n. 灯笼；提灯
bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担
jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱
△Alexander Graham 亚历山大•格雷厄姆•贝尔
△microphone n. 麦克风；话筒
forehead n. 额头
beaten track 被踩出来的路；常规；惯例
△occasionally adv. 偶然地；不时地
dive into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入
dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的
set out (to do) 开始（做）
△multiple adj. 多种的；多样的；多类型的 n.倍数
△Morse 莫尔斯电码
dot n. 点；小圆点 vt. 以小圆点标出；分散
tap vt. 轻打；轻拍；轻敲 n.轻轻地敲击（声）；（水）龙头
wire n. 金属丝；电线
straw n. 稻草；麦秆；饮料吸管
△reproce vt. 复制；再现……的形象或声音
current n. （水或气）流；电流 adj. 现在的；当前的
helicopter n. 直升飞机
triangle n. 三角形；三角形物体
△tetrahedron n. 四面体
stable adj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的
△invaluable adj. 无价的；极宝贵的
associate vt. 联想；联系 n.同伴；伙伴
practical adj. 实际的；实践的；实用的
△James Dyson 詹姆斯•戴森（英国发明家）
refrigerator n. 冰箱
court n. 法庭；法院；朝廷
extension n. 电话分机；扩大；延伸
hang on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住
out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障
get through 设法联系上（尤指打通电话）；（设法）做完；通过
ring back 回复电话
ring off 挂断电话
version n. 版本；译本
competence n. 能力；胜利；本领
△competent n. 能胜任的；有能力的；称职的
jeep n. 吉普车
personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员
Unit 4

△Pygmalion n. 皮格马利翁（希腊神话）
△George Bernard Shaw 乔治•伯纳德•萧
adaptation n. 适应（性）；改编本
classic adj. 经典的；第一流的 n.经典著作
caption n. （图片上的）说明文字；（电视、电影）字幕；（杂志等文章的）标题；韪
plot n. 情节；阴谋
professor n. 教授
△Higgins 希金斯 （姓）
△phonetics n. 语音学
△colonel n. （陆军）上校
△Pickering 皮克林（姓）
△fateful adj. 重要的；决定性的；命中注定的
whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出汽笛声n.口哨声；汽笛声
garment n. （一件）衣服（外套、裙、袍等）（pl）服装
woollen adj. 毛纺的；纯毛的（<美>woolen）
hesitate vi. 犹豫；踌躇
uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的；不安的；不自在的
uncomfortably adv. 不舒服的；不自在地
troublesome adj. 带来麻烦的；使人心烦的
wallet n. 皮夹；钱包
outsome n. 结果；效果
thief n. 小偷；贼
handkerchief n. 手帕；手绢；纸巾
△disguise vt. 伪装；假扮；遮掩 n.伪装
△in disguise 伪装（的）；假扮（的）
mistaken adj. （见解或判断上）错误的；不正确的
brilliant adj. 光辉灿烂的；杰出的；才华横溢的
classify vt. 编排；分类；归类
remark n. 谈论；言论；评述 vt. & vi.谈论；评论；说起
betray vt. 显露出（本来面目）；背叛
upper adj. （位置或地位）较高的；级别较高的
extraordinary adj. 不同寻常的；非凡的
condemn vi. 谴责；使……注定
△gutter n. 排水沟；阴沟；贫民区
properly adv. 适当地；恰当地
pass…off as… （把某人）改变或冒充成……
△chess n. 公爵夫人；女公爵
ambassador n. 大使；使节
acquaintance n. 相识；了解；熟人
make one’s acquaintance 结识；与……相见
handful n. 一把；少量
△amazement n. 惊讶；惊愕
△in amazement 震惊；惊讶
fortune n. 机会；运气；大笔的钱
authentic adj. 真实的；真正的；可信的； 可靠的
generally speaking 一般来说
status n. 身份；地位；职位
superior adj. 优秀的；较高的；上级的n.上级；长官
in terms of… 就……来说；从……角度
△disapprove vt. & vi. 不赞成；反对；认为不好
rob vt. 抢劫；盗窃；剥夺
antique adj. 古时的；（因古老、稀少而）珍贵的 n. 文物；古董；古玩
musical adj. 音乐的；喜爱音乐的 n.音乐喜剧
stocking n. 长袜
△believer n. 信徒；教徒
Buddhism n. 佛教
△Buddhist n. 佛教徒
adj.佛教的
△Buddha n. 佛
△vowel n. 元音；元音字母
△Pearce 皮尔斯（姓）
cookie n. 饼干
teapot n. 茶壶
cream n. 奶油；面霜
nail n. 指甲；钉子
show…in 带或领……进来
wax n. 蜡；蜜蜡 vt.上蜡
disk n. 磁盘
△wax disk 旧式唱片
shabby adj. 破旧的；寒酸的
△curtsy vi. （also curtsey） 行屈膝礼 n.（女子行的）屈膝礼
△shilling n. 先令（1971年以前的英国货币单位，旧币的12便士）
referee n. 裁判员；仲裁者
compromise ni. & vi. 妥协；折衷
horrible adj. 可怕的；恐怖的
laundry n. 洗衣店；洗衣房；（待洗的或洗好的）衣服
bathtub n. 浴缸；澡盆
sob vi. 啜泣；抽噎 n.啜泣（声）；抽噎（声）
waist n. 腰；腰部；腰围
vest n. 背心；内衣
disgusting adj. 使人反感的；令人厌恶的
once more 再一次
in need of 需要……
△heartily adv. 尽情地；热心地；痛快地
overlook vt. 俯视；忽视；不理会
alphabet n. 字母表
△effective adj. 有效的
fade vi. & vt.（使）褪色；减弱；逐渐消失
fade out （声音、画面）逐渐模糊；渐淡
Unit 5

△identify vt. 确认；识别；鉴别
alternative n. 可能的选择 adj. 供选择的；其他的
△archaeology n. 考古学(<美>archeology)
△archaeological adj. 考古学的；与考古学有关的 (<美>archeological)
△archaeologist n. 考古学家(<美>archeologist)
starvation n. 挨饿；饿死
tentative adj. 试探性的；不确定的
accuracy n. 精确；准确
△excavate vt. 挖掘；发掘
△excavation n. 挖掘；发掘
interrupt vt. & vi. 打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止
acute adj. 有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的
assume vt. 假定；设想
regardless adv. 不管；不顾
regardless of 不管；不顾
mat n. 席子；垫子
quilt n. 被子；棉被
beast n. 野兽
at most 至多；最多
centimetre n. 厘米 (<美>centimeter)
sharpen vi. & vt. （使）锋利；尖锐；清晰
sharpener n. 磨具；削具
cut up 切碎
△scrape vt. 擦净；削平；磨光
△scraper n. 刮刀；刮削器
ample adj. 足够的；充足的；富裕的
messy adj. 凌乱的；脏的
primitive adj. 原始的；远古的；简陋的
△bead n. 小珠子；滴
botany n. 植物学
botanical adj. 植物学的；与植物学有关的
analysis n. 分析
seashell n. 海贝壳
ripen vt. & vi. 使……成熟；成熟
category n. 种类；类别；范畴
significance n. 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
somehow adv. 以……方式；不知怎么地
systematic adj. 有系统的；有计划的；有条理的
spit vt. (spat, spit; spat, spit) 吐出（唾液、食物等） vi.吐痰
delete vt. 删；删除
album n. 相册；集邮册；唱片
scratch n. （刮、抓、划的）痕迹；搔；挠 vt. 搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏
academy n. 学院；学会；学术团体；院校
receptionist n. 接待员；招待员
onion n. 洋葱
kindergarten n. 幼儿园
skateboard n. 滑板
fed up with 受够了；饱受；厌烦
yogurt n. 酸乳酷；酸奶
radioactive adj. 放射性的；有辐射能的
radioactivity n. 放射性
division n. 分割；划分；分配；分界线
BC 公元前
melon n. （各种）瓜
wrinkle n. 皱纹
pulse vi. 强烈而有规律地跳动；搏动 n.脉搏；节拍
△vein n. 血管；静脉
applaud vi. & vt. 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏
look ahead 向前看；为将来打算
howl vt. & vi. 嗥叫；叫喊；吼叫
accelerate vi. & vt. 加速；促进
spear n. 矛；枪
arrest vt. 逮捕；吸引 n.逮捕；拘留
dizzy adj. 晕眩的；昏乱的；使人发晕或困惑的
△eyebrow n. 眉毛
△cheekbone n. 颧骨
△arrowhead n. 箭头
△axe n. 斧；斧子
hammer n. 铁锤；锤子
gay adj. 快乐的；欢快的
gaily adv. 快乐地；轻松地
skilful adj. 有技巧的；熟练的(<.美>skillful)
date back 追溯到……
punctuation n. 标点符号
△worship vt. & vi. 崇拜；敬奉 n.崇拜；敬神
△craftsmanship n. 技艺；手艺；精工细作

『伍』 英语选修8第四单元comprehending第一题答案

『陆』 人教版高中英语选修8单词表

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『柒』 外研社英语选修8第四单元课文翻译

It is 11am in Henry Higgins' house the next day. Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep in conversation.  

第二天上午11点，在亨利·希金斯家。亨利同皮克林上校正坐着深切地交谈。 

H: Do you want to hear any more sounds? 

希：你还想不想听听更多的发音呢？ 

CP: No, thank you. I rather fancied myself because I can pronounce twenty-four distinct vowel sounds; but your one hundred and thirty beat me. I can't distinguish most of them.   

皮：不听了，谢谢。我本来还很自负的，因为我能清晰地发出24个元音来。而你发出了130个元音，其中多数我都分辨不清。你赢我了。 

H: (laughing) Well, that comes with practice.  

希：（笑起来）这都是练习的结果。 

There is a knock and Mrs Pearce (MP), the housekeeper, comes in with cookies, a teapot, some cream and two cups.   

敲门声起，皮尔斯夫人（管）带着甜点、茶壶、奶酒和两个杯子进来。 

MP: (hesitating) A young girl is asking to see you.  

管：（犹豫地）一个年轻姑娘求见你。 

H: A young girl! What does she want? 

希：年轻姑娘！她想要什么？ 

MP: Well, she's quite a common kind of girl with dirty  thought perhaps you wanted her to talk into your machines.   

管：哦，很普通的一个年轻姑娘，手指甲脏兮兮的。我本来还以为你是要她来对着机器讲话的呢。 

H: Why? Has she got an interesting accent? We'll  her in, Mrs Pearce.  

希：怎么啦？她的口音很有趣吗？咱们来看看吧。皮尔斯夫人，带她进来。

MP: (only half resigned to it) Very well, sir. (goes downstairs)  

管：（半听不听地）好吧，先生。（随即向楼下走去）

H: This is a bit of luck. I'll show you how I make records on wax disks ...  

希：还真是运气，我让你看看我是怎样在唱片上录音的。 

MP: (returning) This is the young girl, sir. (Eliza comes into the room shyly following Mrs. Pearce. She is dirty and wearing a shabby dress. She curtsies to the two men.)   

管：（返回来）先生，这就是那个年轻姑娘。（伊莱扎跟在皮尔斯夫人后边羞怯地走进房来。她穿着破旧的衣服，还脏兮兮的。进来就朝两位先生行屈膝礼。

H: (disappointed) Why! I've got this girl in my records. She's the one we saw the other day. She's no use at all. Take her away.   

希：（失望地）好啦，我已经给这个年轻姑娘做过记录了。她就是那天我们见到过的那个， 现在根本没有用了，带她走吧！ 

CP: (gently to Eliza) What do you-want, young lady? 

皮：（温和地）年轻姑娘，你想要干什么？ 

E: (upset) I wanna be a lady in a flower shop 'stead o' selling flowers in the street. But they won't take me 'less I speak better. So here I am, ready to pay him. I'm not asking for any favours - and he treats me like dirt.   

伊：（不安地）我想在花店里当卖花姑娘，不想到街上去卖花了。但是他们不会要我，除非我讲话讲得好些，所以我来了，准备付给他钱。我并不是求他帮忙——可他把我当下贱人看待。 

H: How much?  

希：你给多少钱？ 

E: (happier) Now yer talking. A lady friend of mine gets French lessons for two shillings an hour from a real Frenchman. You wouldn't to ask me for the same for teaching me as yer would for French. So Iwon't give yer more than a shilling. 

伊：（比较高兴地）啊，你发话了。我的一位女朋友跟一个真正的法国人学法文，每小时两  先令。你总不会好意思要我付跟法语同样多的钱吧。所以我最多给你一个先令。 

H: (ignoring Eliza and speaking to Pickering) If you think of how much money this girl has - why,  it's the best offer I've had! (to Eliza) But if I teach you, I'll be worse than a father.   

希：（不理睬伊莱扎，而跟皮克林说）要是你想到这个年轻姑娘身上能有多少钱，那么，这 就是我能得到的最高薪俸了！（对伊莱扎说）不过，要是我来教你，我会比当爸爸的还要严格。 

E: (gratefully) Oh, yer real good, yer are. Thank you, Colonel.  

伊：（感激地）啊！你真好，真好。谢谢你，上校。 

E: I'm Eliza Doolittle and I'm clean. My clothes went to the laundry when I washed last week.  

伊：我叫伊莱扎·杜立特尔。我是干净的，上个礼拜才洗过澡。 

MP: Well, Mr Higgins has a bathtub of his own and he has a bath every morning. If these two gentlemen teach you, you'll have to do the same. They won't like the smell of you otherwise.  

管：希金斯先生有自己的浴缸。他每天早晨都要洗澡。如果你要这两位先生教你，你就得照着办另外，他们不想闻到你身上的那股气味。 

H: Once more, take her away, Mrs Pearce, immediately. (Outside Eliza is still weeping with Mrs Pearce) You see the problem, Pickering. It'll be how to teach her grammar, not just pronunciation. She's in need of both.   

希：我再说一遍，把她带走，皮尔斯夫人，立刻带走。（伊莱扎跟皮尔斯夫人出去了，还在哭泣）皮克林，你看到麻烦了吧。不仅仅是语音问题，还得教语法呢。这两个方面她都需要。

CP: And there's another problem, Higgins. What are we going to do once the experiment is over?  

皮：希金斯，还有一个问题。一旦试验完成了，我们准备做什么呢？ 

H:  (heartily) Throw her back. 

希：（兴奋地）把她扔回去。 

CP: But you cannot overlook that! She'll be changed and she has feelings too. We must be practical, mustn't we?   

皮：你可不能小看这个问题了！她是会变的，她也是有感情的。我们必须实际一些，难道不 是吗？ 

H:  Well, we'll deal with that later. First, we must plan the best way to teach her.  

希：这个以后再谈吧。首先咱们得制定一个最好的教学计划。 

CP: How about beginning with the alphabet. That's usually considered very effective ... (fades out  as they go offstage together)   

皮：先从字母教起，怎么样？通常认为那是最有效的……（两人一道朝台下走去，声音逐渐减弱）

(7)英语选修八第4单元单词扩展阅读：

《卖花女》（又被译作《皮格马利翁》）故事讲述的是：语音学家希金斯（Higgins）和朋友匹克林上校（Pickering）打赌用街头卖花女伊莉莎（Eliza）作实验，通过六个月改变她的语言和外表，使之成为仿佛出身名门的贵族小姐。

伊莉莎通过一系列训练，果然完全脱离了出身贫寒、言行粗俗的氛围，在出入任何高贵场合的时候都能引起万众瞩目。然而，希金斯是个独身主义者，不可能与她结婚，而伊莉莎既成不了真正的公爵夫人，又不能再回菜市场卖花，遂被置于一种不上不下的尴尬境地。

『捌』 八年级下册人教版英语第四单元单词表

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