初三英语第三单元重点句型

㈠ 人教版英语八年级上册第三单元重点句型

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这是人抄教版英语袭八年级上册所有单元重点句型

㈡ 新课标九年级英语第三单元重点单词、句子、短语

我自己的内部资料，请珍惜，并加分。
Unit 3
一、知识点
①英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态
主动语态表示是动作的执行者
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
Cats eat fish. （主动语态）猫吃鱼。

Fish is eaten by cats. (被动语态)鱼被猫吃。
②被动语态的构成
由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成
助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。
时态 被动语态结构 例句
一般现在 时 am
are +过去分词
is English is spoken in many countries.
一般过去 时 was +过去分词
were + 过去分词 This bridge was built in 1989.
情 态
动 词 can/should
may +be+过去分词
must/…… The work must be done right now.
③被动语态的用法
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态）如：
Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。
be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）如：
LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。
3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞
让/使（别人）做某事 get sth. done(过去分词)
have sth. done 如：
I get my car repaired. == I have my car repaired. 我让别人修好我的车
I want to have my hair cut. 我要理发.
4. enough 足够
形容词＋enough 如：beautiful enough 足够漂亮
enough＋名词 如：enough food 足够食物
enough to 足够…去做… 如：
I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。
She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。
5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.请停止说话。
stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事 Please stop to speak. 请停下来说话。
6. 看起来好像…sb. seem to do sth. = It seems that +从句
He seems to feel very sad.
It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。
7.倒装句:
由so＋助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词＋主语 意为：…也是一样
Neither/Nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为否定) 表示与前面所述事实一致.
She is a student. So am I. 她是一个学生，我也是。
She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是
She has finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。
She will go to school. So will he. 她将去学校，他也是。
Tom can’t swim. Neither can John.
8. yet 仍然，还 常用在否定句或疑问句当中 可与although/though连用
9. stay up 熬夜如：I often stay up until 12:00pm.我经常熬夜到12点。
10. clean up 打扫 整理 如：
I have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已经打扫完了卧室。
11. 程度副词：
always总是 usually经常 sometimes有时 never从不
如：I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school.
我总是/经常/有时/从不上学迟到。
12. 曾经做某事：
Do you ever get to school late? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Have you ever got to school late? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
13. go shopping(去购物), go fishing(去钓鱼)
go swimming(去游泳), go boating(去划船)
go hiking(去登山), go trekking(去徒步)
14. .be strict with+人. be strict in+事物.
例: The head teacher is strict with his students
He is strict in the work.
15. take the test 参加考试
pass the test 通过考试 fail a test 考试失败
16. the other day前几天,不久前的一天.(用于过去时)
every other day = every two days 每隔一天 （每两天）
17. agree 同意 反义词 disagree不同意 动词
agreement 同意 反义词 disagreement 不同意 名词
18. keep sb/ sth. ＋形容词 使某人/某物保持…. 如：
We should keep our city clean.（cleaningⅹ）我们应该保持我们的城市干净。
Don’t keep me waiting for a long time.别让我等得太久。
19. both…and… +动词复数形式
如： Both Jim and Li Ming play bastketball.
20. learn (sth.) from sb. 向谁学习(什么) 如：
Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语
21. have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事
have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事
如：I have an opportunity to go to Beijing. I have a chance of going to Beijing.
22. at present 目前
23. at least 最少 at most 最多
24. 花费 take ,cost, spend , pay
It take (sb.) time to do sth. It took (me) 10days to read the book.
sth. cost (sb.) …… The book cost (me) 100yuan.
sb. spend … on sth. She spent 10days on this book.
sb. spend …doing sth. She spent 10days reading this book.
sb. pay … for sth. She paid 10yuan for this book.
25. have +时间段+off 放假，休息 如：have 2 days off
off 不工作,不上班,不上学,不值班.
例: I think I’ll take the afternoon off. 我想下午歇班.
She is off today. 她今天休息.
I have three days off next week. 下周我有三天假.
They haven’t had a day off since last week. 从上周来,他们没休息过一天.
26. reply to 答复某人 如：She replayed to MrGreen.
27. agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea.
agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 如：I agree to LiLei.
28. get in the way of 碍事，妨碍 如：
Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。
29. success n. succeed v. successful adj. successfully adv.
30. think about 与think of 的区别
①当两者译为： 认为、想起、记着时，两者可互用
I often think about/ of that day. 我经常想起那天。
②think about 还有“考虑”之意 ，think of 想到、想出时两者不能互用
At last, he thought of a good idea. 最后他想出了一个好主意。
We are thinking about going Qinzhou. 我们正在考虑去钦州。
31. 对… 热衷， 对…兴趣
be serious about doing 如：She is serious about dancing. 她对跳舞热衷。
be serious about sth. 如：She is serious about him. 她对他感兴趣。
32. practice doing 练习做某事 She often practice speaking English.
33. care about sb. 关心某人 如：Mother often care about her son.
34. also 也 用于句中
either也 用于否定句且用于句末
too=as well 也 用于肯定句且用于句末
I am also a student. 我也是一个学生
I am a student too. 我也是一个学生。
I am not a student either. 我也不是一个学生。
35.allow sb to do sth 允许某人做… allow doing sth 允许做…
36.stupid silly foolish 三个词都有“蠢”的意思.但略有不同.stupid 程度最强,指智力 理解力 学习能力差. silly 指头脑简单,傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有感情色彩. foolish 尤其在口语中广泛使用.
例: He is stupid in learning math. 他学习数学很笨.
Stop asking such silly questions. 别再问这样傻的问题了.
You are foolish to throw away such a good chance.
你真蠢,丢掉这样一个好机会.
37.He doesn’t seem to have many friends.
=It seems that he doesn’t have many friends.
=He seems not to have many friends.
38.clean (v.) 打扫,清理
clean up 比较彻底地打扫,清理 clean out 打扫,清理地最彻底.
39.concentrate on… 全神贯注做…
例: He decided to concentrate on physics because he failed the exam.
This company concentrates on China market.
这家公司把重点放在中国市场上.
40. more…than…①与其说…不如说…; 比…更…
例: The man is more stupid than nervous.
与其说那人紧张,倒不如说他愚蠢.
②在这一结构中,more做adj. 修饰名词,表示“比…多”
例:I have more books than you. 我的书比你的多.
41.volunteer ① n. 自愿者. ② v. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做…
例: We all volunteered to help in the old people’s home.
我们都志愿到敬老院帮忙.
42. get in the way (of)... 妨碍...
例: He never gets in others’ way. 他从不妨碍别人.
The bikes over there will get in the way of others. 自行车放在那里会妨碍别人的.
43. success (n.) successful (adj.) succeed (v.)
44. only 处于句首,并后跟状语时,全句需要倒装.
例: Only then did he understand it. 只有到那时,他才明白.
Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有这样我们才能把英语学好.
Only when she came home, did he learn the news. 当她到家时,他才得知了这消息.
45. care about 关心,在乎,在意.
例: No one cares about others nowadays. 现在没人关心别人.
I don’t care about what he does. 我并不在意他干什么.
二、短语
1. be allowed to do sth 被允许干…
allow sb to do sth 允许某人干…
allow doing sth 允许干…
2. sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old boys and girls 16岁的孩子
3. part-time jobs 兼职工作
4. a driver’s license 驾照
5. on weekends 在周末
6. at that age 在那个年龄段
7. on school nights 在上学期间的每个晚上
8. stay up 熬夜
9. clean up (相当与及物动词) 清扫
10. fail (in) a test 考试不及格
11. take the test 参加考试
12. the other day 前几天
13. all my classmates 我所有的同学
14. concentrate on 全神贯注于
15. be good for 对…有益
16. in groups 成群的,按组的
17. get noisy 吵闹(系表结构)
18. learn from 向某人学习
19. at present 目前,现在
20. have an opportunity to do sth 有做…的机会
21.English-English dictionary 英英词典
22. at least 至少
23.eight hours’ sleep a night 每晚8小时的睡眠
24. an old people’s home 敬老院
25. take time to do sth 花费时间干…
26. primary schools 小学
27. have…off 放假,休息
28. reply to 回答,答复
29. get in the way of 妨碍
30. a professional athlete 职业运动员
31. achieve one’s dreams 实现梦想
32. think about 思考,考虑
33. in the end 最后,终于
34. be serious about 对…热忠/极感兴趣
35. spend…on + n. spend …(in) + v-ing 在…上花费时间/金钱
36. care about 关心,担心,在乎
37. agree with 同意…
三.句子
1. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced.
我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔.
2.They talk instead of doing homework. 他们聊天而不是做作业.
3.He is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm. 允许他们熬到晚上11点.
4.We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often.
我们应该被允许更加经常的花些时间多做这类事情.
5.What school rules do you think should be changed?
你认为学校的哪些制度应该改一改了?
6.The two pairs of jeans both look good on me.
这两条牛仔裤穿在我身上都适合.
7.The classroom is a real mess. 教室太脏了.
8.Should I be allowed to make my own decisions?
9.Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream.
只有这样我才能实现我的梦想.
10.They should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much as they want.
应该允许他们对业余爱好想练多长时间就练多长时间.
11.We have nothing against running. 我们没有理由反对他跑步.

㈢ 人教版九年级上册英语第一到三单元重点单词与句式

Unit1
1. by + doing 通过……方式 如：by studying with a group
by 还可以表示：“在…旁”、“靠近”、“在…期间”、“用、”
“经过”、“乘车”等
如：I live by the river. I have to go back by ten o’clock.
The thief entered the room by the window.
The student went to park by bus.
2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论 如：The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。
talk to sb. === talk with sb. 与某人说话
3. 提建议的句子：
①What/ how about +doing sth.?
如：What/ How about going shopping?
②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don’t you go shopping?
③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping?
④Let’s + do sth. 如： Let’s go shopping
⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?
4. a lot 许多 常用于句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。
5. too…to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth.
如：I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。
6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法
三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。
①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,
常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级
形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.
他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。
②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk,
laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如:
She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。
③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往
含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如:
He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。
7. not …at all 一点也不 根本不 如：
I like milk very much. I don’t like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。
not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾
8. be / get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about doing sth.
=== be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋 如：
I am / get excited about going to Beijing.===
I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。
9. ① end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 如：
The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。
② end up with sth. 以…结束 如：
The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。
10. first of all 首先
. to begin with 一开始
later on 后来、随
11. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间
either 也（用于否定句）常在句末
too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末
12. make mistakes 犯错 如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。
make a mistake 犯一个错误 如： I have made a mistake.
我已经犯了一个错误。
13. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人） 如：Don’t laugh at me!
不要取笑我!
14. take notes 做笔记，做记录
15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做… 如：
She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。
enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。
16. native speaker 说本族语的人
17. make up 组成、构成
18. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 …其中之一
如： She is one of the most popular teachers.
她是最受欢迎的教师之一。
19. It’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事…
如：It’s difficult (for me ) to study English.
对于我来说学习英语太难了。
句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English
20. practice doing 练习做某事 如：
She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。
21. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如：
LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。
22. unless 假如不，除非 引导条件状语从句
如：You will fail unless you work hard..假如你不努力你会失败。
I won’t write unless he writes first. 除非他先写要不我不写
23. deal with 处理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem.
24. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事
如：Mother worried about his son just now.
妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。
25. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 如：
I was angry with her. 我对她生气。
26. perhaps === maybe 也许
27. go by (时间) 过去 如： Two years went by. 两年过去了。
28. see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生
see sb. / sth. do 看见某人在做某事 如：
如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.
她看见他正在教室里画画。
29. each other 彼此
30. regard… as … 把…看作为…. 如：
The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。
31. too many 许多 修饰可数名词 如：too many girls
too much 许多 修饰不可数名词 如：too much milk
much too 太 修饰形容词 如：much too beautiful
32. change… into… 将…变为…
如：The magician changed the pen into a book.
这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。
33. with the help of sb. == with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
如：with the help of LiLei == with LiLei’s help
在李雷的帮助下
34. compare … to … 把…与…相比
如：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.
你和安娜相比，你是幸运的。
35. instead 代替 用在句末，副词（字面上常不译出来）
instead of sth. / doing sth. 代替，而不是 用在句中，动词
如：Last summer I went to Beijing. This year I’m going to Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我将要去上海。
I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。
He stayed at home instead of going swimming.
他呆在家里而不是去游泳。

Unit2
1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
否定形式： didn’t use to do sth. / used not to do sth.
如：He used to play football after school. 放学后他过去常常踢足球。
Did he use to play football? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
He didn’t use to smoke. 他过去不吸烟。
2. 反意疑问句
①肯定陈述句＋否定提问 如：Lily is a student, isn’t she?
Lily will go to China, won’t she?
②否定陈述句＋肯定提问 如：
She doesn’t come from China, does she?
You haven’t finished homework, have you?
③提问部分用代词而不用名词 Lily is a student, isn’t she?
④陈述句中含有否定意义的词，如：little, few, never, nothing, hardly等。其反意疑问句用肯定式。 如：
He knows little English, does he? 他一点也不懂英语，不是吗？
They hardly understood it, did they?他们几乎不明白，不是吗？
3. play the piano 弹钢琴
4. ①be interested in sth. 对…感兴趣
②be interested in doing sth. 对做…感兴趣
如：He is interested in math, but he isn’t interested in speaking
English. 他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。
5. interested adj. 感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人
interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物
6. still 仍然，还
用在be 动词的后面 如：I’m still a student.
用在行为动词的前面 如：I still love him.
7. the dark 天黑，晚上，黑暗
8. 害怕… be terrified of sth. 如：I am terrified of the dog.
be terrified of doing sth. 如：I am terrified of speaking.
9. on 副词，表示（电灯、电视、机械等）在运转中/打开，
其反义词off. with the light on 灯开着
10. walk to somewhere 步行到某处 walk to school 步行到学校
11. spend 动词，表示“花费金钱、时间”
①spend…on sth. 在某事上花费（金钱、时间）
②spend…doing sth. 花费（金钱、时间）去做某事 如：
He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着
He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。
Pay for 花费
如：I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元买这本书。
12. take 动词 有“花费”的意思 常用的结构有：
take sb. … to do sth. 如：It takes me a day to read the book.
take … to do sth.
13. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊 如：I like to chat with him.
我喜欢和他聊天。
14. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事 worry 是动词
be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事 worried 是形容词
如：Don’t worry about him. 不用担心他。
Mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。
15. all the time 一直、始终
16. take sb. to + 地方 送/带某人去某个地方 如：
A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。
Lui took me home. 刘把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to)
17. hardly adv. 几乎不、没有
hardly ever 很少
hardly 修饰动词时，通常放在助动词、情态动词之后，实义
动词之前 助动词/情态动词＋hardly
hardly + 实义动词 如：
I can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。
I hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。
18. miss v. 思念、想念、 错过
19. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内 常与完成时连用 如：
I have lived in China in the last few years.
在过去的几年内我在中国住。
20. be different from 与…不同
21. how to swim 怎样游泳
不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定工短语。如：
The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。
I don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪。
22. make sb./ sth. + 形容词 make you happy
make sb./ sth. + 动词原形 make him laugh
23. move to +地方 搬到某地 如：I moved to Beijing last year.
24. it seems that +从句 看起来好像…… 如：
It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起来他好像变了许多。
25. help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事
help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮某人做某事
She helped me with English. 她帮助我学英语。
She helped me (to) study English。 她帮助我学习英语。
26. fifteen-year-old 作形容词 15岁的
fifteen-year-olds 作名词指15岁的人
fifteen years old 指年龄 15岁 如：
a fifteen-year-old boy 一个15岁的男孩
Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15岁的人喜欢唱歌。
I am fifteen years old . 我是15岁。
27.支付不起… can’t /couldn’t afford to do sth.
can’t / couldn’t afford sth.
如：I can’t/couldn’t afford to buy the car.
I can’t/couldn’t afford the car. 我买不起这个辆小车。
28. as + 形容词./副词＋as sb. could/can 尽某人的…能力 如：
Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。
29. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦
30. in the end 最后
31. make a decision 下决定 下决心
32. to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶 如：
to their surprise 令他们惊讶 to LiLei’s surprise令李雷惊讶
33. take pride in sth. 以…而自豪 如：
His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪
34. pay attention to sth. 对…注意，留心 如：
You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。
35. be able to do sth. 能做某事 如：
She is able to do it. 她能够做到。
36. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 如：
My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。
37.不再 ①no more == no longer 如：
I play tennis no more/ longer.我不再打网球。
②not …any more == not …any longer 如：
I don’t play tennis any more/longer. 我不再打网球。
38. go to sleep 入睡
Unit3
1.语态：
①英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态
主动语态表示是动作的执行者
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
Cats eat fish. （主动语态）猫吃鱼。

Fish is eaten by cats. (被动语态)鱼被猫吃。
②被动语态的构成
由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成
助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。
时态 被动语态结构 例句
一般现在 时 am
are +过去分词
is English is spoken in many countries.
一般过去 时 was +过去分词
were + 过去分词 This bridge was built in 1989.
情 态
动 词 can/should
may +be+过去分词
must/…… The work must be done right now.
③被动语态的用法
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态）如：
Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。
be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）如：
LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。
3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞
让/使（别人）做某事 get sth. done(过去分词)
have sth. done 如：
I get my car made. == I have my car made. 我让别人修好我的车
4. enough 足够

形容词＋enough 如：beautiful enough 足够漂亮
enough＋名词 如：enough food 足够食物
enough to 足够…去做… 如：
I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。
She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。
5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.请停止说话。
stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事 Please stop to speak.
请停下来说话。
6. 看起来好像…sb. seem to do sth. = it seems that +从句
He seems to feel very sad.
It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。
7. 系动词不能独立作谓语，要和表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有：look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay(保持), kept等。连系动词除be 和become 等少数词可接名词作表语外，一般都是接形容词。 如：
They are very happy. He became a doctor two years ago. She felt very tired.
8. 倒装句:
由so＋助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词＋主语 意为：…也是一样
She is a student. So am I. 她是一个学生，我也是。
She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是
She has finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。

㈣ 九年级英语第3单元归纳

单词Unit3
（一） 名词
1 执照 license =licence 在美语中是动词或名词。在英语中license
是动词；licence是名词。
drive license 驾照
license作动词时是“获得驾照”。
2 耳环 earring
3 学习 study study 侧重指主观上努力学习的动作，即“用功”“求学”。
learn 侧重指学习结果，即“学会”。
learn from “向…学习”。
study under “在…指导下学习”。
4 现在 present 作名词时也是“礼物”。作动词时是“赠予”。作形容词时是“在场的”。
5 机会 opportunity chance “机会”强调其偶然性。
opportunity “机会，机遇”带有适逢其机会，正好便于行事之意。
6 自愿者 volunteer 作动词时是“自愿”。
volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
volunteer sb. for sth. 让他做某事
7 会员 member 形容词形式memberless“无会员的”。 life member 终身会员
member of a staff 一群人中的一员
8 混乱 mess 作动词时是“弄脏”。
be in a mess 杂乱无章某物
mess sth.(up) 弄脏
make a mess of 把…弄脏
9 简报 newsletter
10 重要 importance 形容词形式是important“重大的”
put importance on sth. 认为某事很重要
11 要点 point point作动词时是“指向”。
at\on the point of 将近
off the point 偏离要点
to the point 切中要点

（二） 动词
1 刺穿 pierce get ear pierced 打耳洞
2 集中 concentrate 形容词形式是concentrated“集中的”。
3 设计 design 名词形式是designer“设计者”。
of the latest design 最新设计的
4 经历 experience 作“经验”时，是不可数名词。
作“经历”，是可数名词。
5 回答 reply answer 可指解数学题，含“令人满意地回答”之意。
reply 指经过思考后详细的回答。
answer=reply to
6 服从 obey 不服从disobey
7 完成 achieve =come true 作名词时是achievement“愿望”。
8 赛跑 race 作名词时是“与…比赛”。
9 teach过去式或过去分词 taught
10 成功 succeed 名词形式是success“成功之人”
succeed in doing sth.成功做某事
succeed to sth.继承

（三） 形容词
1 愚蠢的 silly silly “傻”，着重头脑简单，不懂事，有单纯，糊涂意味。
foolish “蠢”，着重缺乏智慧或判断力。
stupid “笨”，着重生理迟钝，反应迟钝。
2 地方的 local
3 困倦的 sleepy sleep “睡”，表持续性状态。
sleepy “想睡的，困乏的”。
asleep “睡着的，睡熟的”，常作表语。
fall asleep 表“入睡”的短暂动作。
4 现实的 realistic 同义词 real

四 其他
1 代替 instead of 介词短语，后接名词或动名词，代词等作宾语，放在句中。
instead of 用甲而不用乙，除掉“代替”之意外，还有对乙否定意味。
in place of 一般指以甲代乙。
2 熬夜 stay up 迟睡 sit up
3 全神贯注 concentrate on
4 目前 at present =now=at the present time
5 养老院 old peoplr’s home
6 挡道的 in the way
get in the way of=be in the of 妨碍
7 担心 care about
喜欢 care for
留神 take care
照顾 take care of
仔细地 with care
注意… give care to
在…的照料下 in the care of
单元语法
被动语态的口诀
一般现、过用be done，be有人称、时、数变。
完成时态have done，被动将been加中间。
一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done。
将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing,
现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing。
现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。
否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。
一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。
复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。
第二句"be有人称、时、数变"即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。"情助"是指情态动词和助动词must, may, can, shall, will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。"疑问一助置主前"是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。
1.一般现在时 am/is/are+V(p.p)
2.一般过去时 was/were + V(p.p)
3一般将来时 will/shall +be+V(p.p)
4.过去将来时 should/would +be+V(p.p)
5.现在进行时 am/is/are +being+V(p.p)
6.过去进行时 was/were +being+V(p.p)
7.现在完成时 have/has +been+V(p.p)
8.过去完成时 had +been+V(p.p)
9.将来完成时will have +been+V(p.p)
10. 过去将来完成时would have +been+V(p.p)
11.含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态时，用“情态动词+be+V(p.p)
12.含有“be going to”, “be to”等结构的谓语，变成被动语态时，分别用“be going to +be +V(p.p)”和“be to+be+V(p.p)
13.被动语态除常用be加过去分词构成外，还可用“get+过去分词”
14.被动语态没有完成进行时态，也没有将来进行时态，如果要将这些时态的主动结构变为被动结构，可以用完成时态或一般将来时态来表示

将主动语态转换成被动语态，通常分以下三步进行：
1.将主动语态中的宾语转换成被动语态的主语。
2.将主动语态中的动词改为“be+V(p.p)”
3.原来主动语态中的主语，如果需要，放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现，如没有必要，可以省略。
把下列句子变成被动语态
1.We found some jewels in a box.
2.The teacher is keeping the pupils at school for a revision.
3.James has left a parcel for you.
4.You must finish the article before Friday.
5.They will not paint the house again next year.
6.They promised Mary a new doll for her birthday.
7.I have told the children many times not to skate on the pond.
8.Where did he translate the story?
9.We had to repair our TV set.
10.Do they take good care of the sick?
11.They company has paid the workers very handsome wages.
12.They showed me the room where they lived.
把下列句子变成主动语态
1.Spanish is spoken in South America.
2.The plans will have to be revised.
3.All the words must be looked up in a dictionary.
4.Has John been cured of his heart illness?
5.The door should not have been left open all night.
6.We are afraid that we may be attacked at night.
7.We are being taught how to operate the new machine.
用动词的正确时态填空
Our desks and chairs ________________ (make) of wood. The paper of books and newspapers ______ also ___________ (make) from wood. Even some kinds of cloth __________________ (make) from it. Many people ____________ (burn) wood to keep themselves warm in winter. Indeed, wood _______ (be) important in our everyday life.
Where ________ wood __________ (come) from? It ________________ (take) from trees which _____________(grow) in the mountains. _________ you ____________ (know) how it ____________ (get) to us from the mountains?
First of all, trees ___________(cut) down when they ______________(grow) big enough. Then their branches _______________ (cut) off, and logs _______________(make).These heavy logs ________________(put) together in different ways and _________________ (take) down to the foot of the mountains. Some of them _________________ (float使漂流) down the small rivers and others _________________ (carry) down on trains.
Big trees ________________(cut) down in the mountains every year. Then young ones ______________________ (must, plant) so that we ______ always ________________ (can, have) enough wood. We have to take good care of mountains so that they __________ always _________________ (may, cover) with growing trees.
翻译
1.The shirt washes well.
2.The shirt is being washed now.
3.The door won’t lock.
4.The shop is closed now.
5.The room is filled with smoke.
6.It is reported that the big fire has been put out.
7.台湾属于中国.
8.韩寒的书很畅销.
9.这录音机不转.
10.火灾是怎样发生的?
11.这个问题值得讨论.
12.这种布摸起来很柔软.
选择正确答案
1. When I got to his office, I __________ that he_________ out.
A. told, had been B. was told, was
C. had told, was D. was told, had been
2. The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They ______ for too long.
A. cooked B. were cooked
C. had cooked D. had been cooked A. told, had been
3. The anti-Japanese war ______ in 1937 and it ______ eight years.
A. was broken, lasted B. broke out, lasted
C. break out, lasted D. broke out, was lasted
4. She was heard ________ an English song.
A. to sing B. sing
C. sang D. to be sang
5. These boxes are very heavy ___.
A. be carried B. carry
C. carried D. be carrying
6. The police found that the house ________ and a lot of things ________.
A. had been broken into, has been stolen
B. has broken into, has been stolen
C. had been broken into, stolen
D. has broken into, has stolen
7. Coal can ________ to proce electricity for agriculture and instry.
A. have used B. used C. be used D. use
8. John has never dreamt of _________.
A. taken to Athens B. taking to Athens
C. be taking to Athens D. being taken to Athens
9. Nobody likes __________.
A. laughed at B. laughing at
C. being laughed at D. being laughed
10. The bridge ___________ will be completed next year.
A. built B. being built C. is being built D. building
11. It is said that tigers ________ in Asia year after year.
A. are being disappeared B. are disappearing
C. will be disappeared D. will disappear
12. I’m going to Wuhan tomorrow. Do you have anything ____
to your mother?
A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking
13. Take it easy. There is nothing ______.
A. to worry B . to be worried
C. to be worried about D. to worry about
14. Your new computer will soon become outdated, because technology
_______so fast.
A. is developed B. is being developed
C. has been developed D. will developed
15. I won’t go to the party unless _________.
A. invited B. being invited
C. be invited D. inviting
16. The problem ________ last week is very important.
A. was discussed B. discussed
C. being discussed D. be discussed
17. We should keep the animals from ________.
A. be endangered B. endangering
C. being endangered D. endangered
18. There are no rivers _______out of the Dead Sea.
A. flowed B. flowing
C. being flowed D. be flown
19. This place has been destroyed. So there is no bamboo ______
for pandas to feed on.
A. left B. leaving C. leave D. be left
20. All the preparations for the task ________ , and we are ready to start.
A. completed B. complete
C. had been completed D. have been completed
初三英语Unit3重点句型
三、句子
1. Teenagers should be allowed to go out with their friends every night
应该许青少年再每天晚上和朋友一起外出
2. Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to choose their own clothes.
应该许青少年选择自己的衣服
3. She should stop wearing that silly earring.
他应该停止戴那个傻忽忽的耳环
4. I think students should be allowed to do homework with friends.
我认为应该允许学生同朋友一起做作业
5. Do you think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to choose their own clothes
你认为应该允许十六岁的青少年选择自己的衣服吗？
6. We have a lot of rules at my house.
我们有许多家规
7. The other day, my friend and I talked about the rules that we have in school.
前几天，我和朋友们一起讨论我们学校的校规
8. Our teachers believe that we if did that, we would concentrate more on our clothes than our studies.
我们的老师认为如果我们穿的时髦，我们会在衣服上投入比学习更多的精力
9. That would be a good way to keep both teachers and students happy .
那将是一个既让老师高兴有让同学满意的方法
10. It’s also probably a good idea for parents ring the evening .
对父母来说，晚上允许青少年聚在一起学习
11. We also think that vacations should be longer .
我们还认为假期应该再长点
12. Longer vacations would give us time to things like volunteering
较长的假期会给我们时间作一些想义务劳动那样的事情
13. It would be a good experience for me because I want to be a doctor when I’m older .
对我来说，那应该是一个极好的体验因为我长大后想当医生
14. What time do you finish basketball practice today.
你今天几点完成篮球训练？
15. Everyone needs to have at least eight hour’s sleep a night
一个人一天至少需要8个小时的睡眠
16. At our school, we sonetimes have a special day to help others.
在我们学校，我们利用一个特殊的日子来帮助别人
17.On Friday afternoons, many students are sleepy after a long week of classes..
每到星期五的下午，许多同学因上了一周的课而昏昏欲睡
18.I would like to reply to the article “Helping and learning ” in you last newsletter.
我想你们上期的事实简讯中“帮助与学习”的那篇文章的看法
19. But sometimes these hobbies can get in the way of schoolwork ,and parents worry about their child’s success at school.
但是这些爱好与学业相冲突，父母可能会担心孩子在学习上的成功。
20. Teenagers often think the should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much as they want
青少年认为应当允许他们随心所欲的练习他们的爱好
21. That’s great, and my wife and I have watched him in every one of his races
那好极了，我和我妻子看过他每一场比赛
22. He needs to think about what will happen if he doesn’t become a professional runner in the end
他应该想以下如果他以后成不了专业的运动员那该怎么办？
23. Being a professional runner is the only thing I have ever wanted to do.
做一名专业的赛跑者是一件我一直想做的事
24. Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream
只有那样我才有机会达成梦想
“要记好这些句子，很有用的。”——魏峰
初三英语Unit3词组总结
Section A
1.go out with sb 与某人一起外出
2. have part time jobs 从事业余工作
3. get one’s ears pierced 打耳眼
4. choose one’s own clothes 选择自己的衣服
5. a driver’s license 驾驶执照
6. go to the mall 去市场
7.make conversation作对话 wake at night在深夜工作
8. serious enough 足够严肃 old enough 年级足够大 calm enough 足够沉着 （enough adj.＆adv. 修饰形容词、副词、不定代词时,放在修饰词后. 作定语修饰名词时可放在名词前,亦可放名词后,放名词前强调enough,放名词后强调名词.）
9. sixteen—year—olds 十六岁的孩子们
10. Allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 allow doing sth 允许做某事
11. cut one’s hair = have one’s hair cut 理发
12. stop doing sth 停止做某事 stop to do sth 停下手中的事情去做另一件事
stop sb/sth from doing sth 阻止某物/某人做某事 can’t stop doing sth 禁不住做某事
13. on weekends 在周末
14. need to do sth 需要做某事
doing sth 代替做某事
15.instead of sth/sb 代替某物/某人

(介词短语,后可接n.prep.v+ing.adj.介短)
instead of =in place of =take the place of
16. at that age 在那个年龄 at the age of 在某人多大时
17. seem +形容词/名词/介词 看上去… seem to do sth 看上去要做某事
it seems +that从句 看上去……
18. look/ feel/ sound/ taste/ smell 等感官动词后接形容词
19. so+ 助动词+主语 和…一样 相关：so +主语+助动词 确实如此
20. on school nights 在上学时间的每个晚上
21. what about/how about doing sth …怎么样？（表示建议）
22. go shopping 去购物
23. stay up 醒着不睡
24. clean up 打扫、清除
25. stay at home 待在家里
26.in the correct order正确的次序
Section B
Get to school late 迟到
1. fail a test 考试不及格（失败） take a test 参加考试 pass the test 通过考试
2. be strict with 对某人严格要求
3. the other day 前几天
4. would like to do sth 想做某事 = want to do sth = feel like doing sth
5. concentrate more on 更专注于…
6. be good for 对…有好处
7. keep sb/sth +形容词 保持某人/某物出于某种状态 keep (sb) doing sth 保持（某人一直）做某事
8. both… and … …和…都， 两个都…
9. in groups 以小组的形式
10. learn from each other 相互学习
11. at present 在目前
12. have an opportunity to do sth 有一个机会做某事
13. an English—English dictionary 一本英英词典
14. How do you like …= What do you think of … 你认为…怎么样？
15. an old people’s home 一所养老院
16. have +一段时间+off 放…的假
Reading
1. get in the way of… 妨碍…
2. worry about 担心
3. as much as they want 像他们想的一样多
4. a professional athlete 一名专业运动员
5. in the end = at last 最后
6. make a decision 做一个决定
7. the importance of working hard 努力工作的重要性
8. be serious about 对…认真
9. practice doing sth 练习做某事
(in) doing sth 某人花费多长时间做某事
10. sb spend some time
on sth 某人在某事上花费多长时间

11. care about sb 关心某人
12. be always doing sth 总是做某事
13. have a chance of doing sth 有一个机会做某事
二.汉译英
1.我们不反对跑步。___________________________________________________
2.我们确实认为我们的儿子需要现实点。_________________________________
3.应该准许16岁的年轻人开车._________________________________________
4.目前我们的假期太短了.______________________________________________
5.应准许工人们周六歇徦.______________________________________________
6.他们需要和朋友一起度过这时光.______________________________________
7.他们不够镇静.______________________________________________________
8.我们在谈论我们学校规定.____________________________________________
9.他上周休息了一天.__________________________________________________
10.我的父亲非常关心我._______________________________________________
三.填空.
1.We would concentrate more on our ____than our clothes.
2.Do you think it’s a good ____to swim in the summer.
3.many students are____after a long week of classes.
4.I would like to ____to the article“Halping and learning” in your last newsletter.
5.Mr and Mrs Liu have watched liu yu in every one of his_____
6.Many parents ______ their children.
7.do you think habbies can ______of schoolwork?
8.Tom_____in last examination.
9.Anyone can see the______of good health.
10.You should go out playing ______ working all day.

Experience,study,sleep,reply, get in the way,succeed,instead of.
care about,important,race.
1、We won’t allow ___in the cinema.But you are allowed ___in the rest room.(smoke)
2、---I hate vegetables.I ___eat them.
---But they’re good for your health. You should often eat them.
3、The young boy is good___me,He is good___English,and he often tells me oral practice is good___improving spoken English.
4、Only then___that he had lost a chance of achieving his dream.
5、I haven’t had enough___lately.
6、His bike is broken.It needs___soon.
7、Three more men___(need) to do the work every day.
8、Can’t the flowers___(see) by you?
9、Hard work leads to s___
10、I must get the television___(fix) up.
11、Tim needs to cut his hair because his hair is too long .(改为同义句)
Tim needs to___his hair___because of his___hair.
12、I didn’t go there by bike. Iwent there on foot. (改为同义句)
I went there on foot___ ___by bike.
13、我们应该认真对待这个问题。
We should be ___ ___the problem.
14、This kind of food___cool,ckean and dry according to the instructions.
15、Mr Green is a doctor of ___and his daughter Ann is___college student.
填空
1. _Hello,my name is Johnson . I believe you have a room ________(book)for me .
_Johnson? Oh, yes, Mr Johnson .It’s Room 1201 ,on the second floor.
2.” Would you like some more chicken ?”
“No, I have had ________(enough).”
3. When __________the first man-made satellite__________(send) upinto space?
4. John ______(hear) to go upstair two hours ago.
5. He will have a worker ___________(repair) his car.
6. We succeeded __________(ciimb) the high mountain.
7. I don’t think they are careful,___________?(they).
8. We won’t allow ______(smoke) in the cinema. But you are allowed __________(smoke) in the rest room..
9. Something is wrong with my computer .I’ll get it ________(repair).
10. As students,we should keep our classroom __________(clean and tidy)
11.—I have three English magazines.
I have nine.I have three as _________(more) as you.
12.他的不良爱好妨碍了他的进步。
His bad hobby _____ ______the way of his progress.
改错。
1.Father asked Tom to be strict with himself and with his study.( )________________
2.It can keep us warmly.( )____________.
3.Here are some books.You can choose the one you like it.(

㈤ 初三英语重点句型请列出来

呵呵。昨天刚下了一个关于初中英语知识点的文档。你如果需要，我可以发到你邮箱。

㈥ 初三英语知识点句型有哪些回答简单

㈦ 八下英语第三单元3a重点句型

What were you doing when I arrived/at that time/at 8:00 last night/from 9:00 to 10:00 yesterday?
1. I was doing sth. When+一般过去时的时间状语从句...
2. How about... / What about...?
3. While sth./sb. was doing sth., I was doing sth....
4. 当不明飞行物着陆时，你正在干啥？What were you doing when the UFO landed?
5. 当妈妈正在做饭时，我在看电视。While my mother was cooking ,I was watching TV.
6. I was walking down the street when a UFO landed right in front of me.
7. You can image how strange it was.
8. I followed to see where it was going.
9. Isn’t that amazing!
10. She didn’t thinking about looking outside the station.

㈧ 九年级英语第三单元的短语和词组

1. Businessmen are afraid of newspapers and TV stations.
be afraid of sb./sth. 害怕某人或某事。
be afraid后面还可接不定式和v-ing形式，但二者之间有区别：be afraid to do表示由于主观原因不敢、害怕去做某事；be afraid of doing表示担心出现与主观良好愿望相违背的情况或不好的结果。如：
She was afraid to step further in the grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.（她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢往草丛中再走一步。）
She was afraid to wake her husband.（她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。）
She was afraid of waking her husband. （她生怕吵醒她丈夫。）
2. a year and a half
英语中表示“一个半”的方法有两种：① a/an +名词单数+and+ a half ② one+and+a half+名词复数。如“一个半小时”就有两种表达方式：an hour and a half或one and a half hours。
3. My friend said there was a car collecting rubbish outside.
collecting rubbish做car的后置定语。v-ing形式作后置定语时，通常表示被修饰词是动作的发出者且动作正在进行。如：Do you know the boy lying under the tree? lying这个动作就是前面的名词boy发出的，而且这个动作正在进行。
4. ...needs to do better in protecting the environment.
need 作实义动词时，后面可接名词、不定式和v-ing形式。如：
Everyone needs others\' help.
You don\'t need to know.
need后接v-ing形式时，主动形式表示被动含义。如：
My shoes need repairing.
= My shoes need to be repaired.
need还可作情态动词。如：You needn\'t go
句型用法透视（Unit 3）
一、The +比较级，the+比较级.“越……越……。”
【考点说明】该句型使用时前半句表条件，后半句表结果。 The more we listen to the teacher, the more we understand.我们听老师讲得越多，我们懂得就越多。
The more, the better. 多多益善。
The higher, the colder.海拔越高，气温越低。
【区别于】more and more“越来越多的……”
1.修饰不可数名词
More and more waste will be proced with the development of instry.随着工业的发展，将产生越来越多的废物。
2.修饰可数名词
More and more students will realize the importance of studying English.越来越多的学生将意识到英语学习的重要性。
二、be afraid of ．．．“害怕……”
【考点说明】该句型使用时，后接名词、代词、动名词。
He is afraid of the dog.他怕这条狗。
Is she afraid of that dangerous river? 她害怕那条危险的河吗？
【区别于】1.be afraid to do不敢做某事
He\'s afraid to go there.他不敢去那里。
She\'s afraid to see him.她不敢见他。
2.be afraid that 恐怕
Hurry up！I\'m afraid that we will be late.快点，恐怕我们要迟到了。
三、It is one\'s ty to do sth. “做某事是某人的责任。”
【考点说明】使用该句型时，it为形式主语，不定式为真正主语。
It is my ty to help them.帮助他们是我的责任。
Is it your ty to clean the blackboard? 擦黑板是你的责任吗？
【区别于】It is one\'s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。
It is my turn to be on ty today.今天轮到我值日。
四、Don\'t forget to．．． “别忘了……。”
【考点说明】该句型为祈使句，要求对方别忘了去做某事。
Don\'t forget to post the letter for me when you pass by the post office.从邮局经过时别忘了帮我寄这封信。—Don\'t forget to go and see her. ——别忘了去看她。
—I won\'t. ——我不会忘记。
【区别于】Please remember to do sth.请记住去做某事。
Please remember to close the door when you leave the room.离开房间时记住关门。
Did you remember to buy the dictionary for me yesterday?昨天你记得给我买那本字典了吗？
五、Wherever you live, you can ．．． “无论你住在哪里，你都能……。”
【考点说明】wherever引导让步状语从句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
Wherever you live, you can write a letter to me.无论你住在哪儿，都可以给我写信。
Wherever you live, you can get help from others.无论你住在哪儿，都可以得到别人的帮助。
六、 If everyone makes a contribution to doing．．．, the world will become．．. “如果人人都为……做贡献，世界将会变得……。”
【考点说明】该句型中if引导条件状语从句，从句部分应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。to为介词，后接名词、代词、动名词。
If everyone makes a contribution to preventing pollution, our world will become much cleaner. 如果人人为防止污染做点贡献，我们的世界将会变得更干净。
一语天机（Unit 3）
1． waste
①作名词，可以和不定冠词连用，无复数形式。表示“浪费”或“废物”。
②作动词，表示“浪费……”、“未充分利用”。
③作形容词，表示“废弃的”、“无用的”。
2． story①通常理解为“故事”、“小说”，但在本课中指“报道”。
②还可作“经历”、“情况”解释。
③another story 意为“另一回事”；the same story 意为“（情况）也一样”；The story goes that...表示“据说……”。
3． harm
常用作名词，表示“损害”、“危害”。一般指环境、精神方面的伤害。常见结构：do/mean/be(no, little, much)harm to...，例：Smoking does much harm to people. 吸烟对身体伤害很大。
4． improve
意思是“改善”、“提高”，可用作及物或不及物动词。如：The situation is improving. 情况正在好转。
5． around
①作介词，表示“在……附近”、“在周围”、“到处”。
②作副词，表示“到处”、“在附近”；也可表示“大约”，指数量和时间。
Unit 3 重难点解析
1.【原文】 I\'ve been with Greener China for a year. (L. 9 ) 句中be with是“参加”的意思吗？与join有什么区别？
【精析】be with是“参加”的意思，表示状态，可与时间段连用。而join表示“参加”时，是非延续性动词，不可与时间段连用。例如：
I\'ve been with the group for many years.我参加这个组织已经多年了。
I joined the army three years ago.我三年前就参军了。
2.【原文】“ It\'s a pleasant way to help keep our city clean,” said my friend. ( L.10 ) 这个句子是什么结构？to help keep...怎么理解？
【精析】这是由it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语的句子。这类句子由于主语较长，而用it作形式主语，把真正主语移至句末，使句子保持平衡。本句中的to help keep our city clean是真正的主语。再如：It\'s nice to meet you.见到你很高兴。
to help keep...意思是“有助于保持……”。keep our city clean是“keep + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构，作help的宾语。不定式作help的宾语常可省去to。
3.【原文】He\'s gone with his group to plant trees.（L. 11）plant有哪些用法？用作动词表示“种植”时，与grow相同吗？
【精析】plant可用作名词，表示“植物”，如：Plants need light and water.植物需要光和水。用作名词时，还有“工厂”的意思，常指大型工厂。如：A new power plant was built last month.上个月新建了一个发电厂。plant用作动词，意为“种植”，可表示种植各类植物。grow也可表示“种植”，多指种植农作物类，一般不用于植树。试比较：
They plant many trees in North China.他们在中国北方种了许多树。
They grow rice in South China.他们在中国南方种植水稻。
4.【原文】 I suppose we\'ll go there next week. (L. 11 ) suppose与think有区别吗？ 【精析】有。二者都有“认为、想”的意思，think含有推理、判断形成看法之意。suppose近似于think，但含不确切之意。在“suppose + (that) 从句”这一句式中，若主语是第一人称,其从句若为否定形式，应将否定词前移至主句，用法同think。如：I don\'t suppose he will come. 我猜他不会来。
5.【原文】...ask them to stop pouring dirty water into the river or the lake nearby? （L. 12） 请讲一下stop doing 与stop to do的区别。
【精析】stop后接v-ing是“停止做某事”，v-ing是stop的宾语，被停止的对象。stop 后接to do意思是“停下来去做另一件事情”，to do是目的状语。试比较：
It\'s time for class. Stop talking, please.该上课了，请不要说话了。
We have worked for a long time. Let\'s stop to have a rest.我们工作很长时间了，让我们停下来休息一会儿。