民主英语作文

① 民主英文怎么读

democracy

英 [dɪ'mɒkrəsɪ]
美 [dɪˈmɑkrəsi]
n. 民主(可数名词)

② 谁最早将英文Democracy翻译为汉语“民主”

Democracy这个概念中国原本来没有，所以非源常难译，最初人们把它直接音译为“德谟克拉西”。五四时提出的口号“德谟克拉西先生”和“赛因斯先生”，就是直接用音译来称呼“Democracy”和“Science”。1919年初陈独秀在《新青年》上撰文说“我们现在认定只有（德先生和赛先生）这两位先生，可以救治中国政治上、道德上、学术上、思想上一切的黑暗”。
有的学者指出，王芝在其1872年版的《海客日谭》中，用“民主”一词来翻译“Democracy”这可能是把“民主”与Democracy建立起关系的最早尝试。

③ 高分！！！烦请帮忙寻找关于选民与代表、选举、民主的英文资料，谢谢！

选举（selection 中国古代选举）是由统治者来选择统治者，或者说是以“贤”选“贤”（“贤”不含褒贬义），即还是通过少数来选择少数，但它又是被相当强韧地客观化和制度化了的，不以个人的意志和欲望为转移。它是一种自上而下的选择。它从理论上虽说也是几乎所有人都不被排斥在外，但实际上却总是只有很少数人参加或被选，甚至只有少数人参加，更少人被选才能顺利运作，参与者或被选者不是选他人，而实际是自己被选或自荐，最后或者是通过他人的推荐， 或者是通过客观的考试而被选中。选中者自然是一批人，而非一个人，他们亦非成为最高决策者，而只是成为君主制下的官员或者获得任官资格。竞选者所依凭的主要是体现在个人自身的德行、才能、名望、族望，或者文化修养，每次的被选中者也不构成一个统一的集团而仍是一些个别的人，每次选举也不带来国家政策上的改变，而只是为统治阶层输送新血。所以，它总是精英的，从形式到实质都是少数人的一种活动。它的选择标准是受到某种先定的实质内容的限制的，它也不涉及到传统国家和政府合法性的根本基础，但它为社会提供了一种稳定的、可以合理预测的期望，对社会资源的分配、社会分层的确立以及个人地位的变迁意义至关重大。
2、选举（election 现代选举 ）是一种具有公认规则的程序形式，人们据此而从所有人或一些人中选择几个人一个人担任一定职务。《布莱克维尔政治学网络全书》“election”词条的作者巴特勒（D.E.Butler）指出：该词源于拉丁语动词“eligere”（意为“挑选”），虽然起源甚早，但现代含义上的、作为民主前提的自由和普遍的选举，其历史实际上只有两个世纪。按科特雷（J.Cotteret）与 埃梅里（C.Emeri）的意见，现代的“选举”（election）可以被定义为有种种程序、司法的和具体的行为构成的一个整体，其主要目的是让被统治者任命统治者。又迈克尔·曼主编的《国际社会学网络全书》的“选举”词条说，选举是较大的群体为自己提供一个较小的领导群体的一种方法。我们或许可以说：现代选举是以“多”选“少”，以“众”选“贤”（“贤”不含褒贬义），即通过多数来选择实施统治的少数。现在大多数国家和地区都执行选举制度。
3选举是民主的主要形式，民主很大程度上要靠选举来实现，但选举并非民主的唯一形式，把选举等同于民主是一种机械的理解。为了标榜民主而把有关的一切程序和活动都规定为选举的形式，实际上又不能真正实行，其后果可能导致民主流于形式而失去实质，成为假民主。
民主的本质应是人民大众有充分的决定权，而决定权既可以用“肯定”即选举来行使，也可以用“否定”即罢免来行使。只要这两种决定权有一种得到真正行使，就是有充分的民主。
具体而言，就是各级人民代表大会和基层村民委员会的代表由选举产生，但各级人民政府的负责人不一定由选举产生，而是由上级政府任命，但受本级人大的监督和考核。所任命的政府负责人要每年向本级人大进行年度述职汇报工作，人大可随时对其弹劾罢免，能否留任由人大进行信任投票来决定，考核合格通过信任投票的才能留任，被留任的在任期届满时才能平调或升迁；考核不合格的由人大予以免职，只能待岗或降职任用，不得升迁，免职造成的空缺由上级重新任命。 （当然，为了增加人大的“政治能量”，使其能与政府博弈，需要允许他们自办报纸、发表观点，需要允许人大直选，需要缩小人大代表数量）
这种任命权和罢免权相分离的方式不同于选举，但也可以充分体现民意，所以是民主的有效形式。这种方式符合国家统一、政令畅通的要求，符合一党执政、党管干部的要求，适合现实国情，能够使民主和集中得到有机结合，易于实行且效率高，因此是社会主义初级阶段实行充分民主的最恰当的方式，是当前政治体制改革的关键。
4.选举是起源于古希腊的政治制度，她是民主的一种表现形式。现代的选举则起源于英国选举，她的发展同经济基本同步，随着工业革命的发展，选举在英国，甚至全球范围内得到了迅猛的发展，从选举人到被选举人，逐步扩大了范围，到了1962年，英国的选举已普及到了所有成年人（政治犯除外）．虽说她的存在总认为是民主的重要表现，但也有不少的人提出了质疑，选举的结果总不如人们所设计的那样完美，相反，"贿选"、“多数人的暴政”等的词汇足以见得人们选举存在的严重的缺陷，而这缺陷有好像是不可避免。

④ 谁最早将英文Democracy翻译为汉语“民主”

陈独秀。

“德先生和赛先生”这一名词是在新文化运动时期提出一大重要口号。内在1919年五四运动期间容，热血青年高举“民主”和“科学”两大旗帜,向封建礼教以及封建专制思想猛烈开火,并由此走向与工农相结合的道路.现在北大校园里还有“德先生”和“赛先生”的雕塑。就是当时历史背景下的产物。提出人物——陈独秀。

(4)民主英语作文扩展阅读

“德先生和赛先生”即“民主和科学”这一口号，是资产阶级宣扬民主，反对封建专制，把斗争矛头直指封建专制的理论支柱儒家思想；宣扬科学，反对封建迷信和愚昧。

这一口号反映了中国社会发展的要求和人民的迫切需要，有力地推动了新文化运动的发展。但这一口号仍属于资产阶级旧民主主义性质，有它阶级和时代的局限性，它不能同群众运动相结合，不能用历史唯物主义观点看待中国文化和西方文化，因而不能从根本上推翻封建思想。

⑤ 民主 民治 民享 英文

民主：democracy
民治：government by the people
民享：for the people（林肯著名的《葛底斯堡演说》的内容，“民有（the government of the people）民治版（by the people） 民享”权(for the people)

我觉得“民治”译成“government by the people”更能体现出本来的意思啊……

希望能有帮助哈~

⑥ 关于黑人民主英语作文

Every one of us is black Africa,they are minorities of western imperialism in the americas,from Africa to conquer the ordinary people.In 1492,Spanish explorers Columbus discovered America announced a "new" and immediately began to conquer and genocide,for robbing a piece of gold,each at the village to kill the indians.Then is from Africa,continuous movement of the slave trade for hundreds of years,until the 19th century middle didn't stop,millions of African slaves from Africa major western region.Modern historians investigation in Africa "slave",when the country coast has been completed by the social construction,islamic ChuanJianBaoLi western colonism and genocide.

⑦ 民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处英文版

Democracy and rule of law is fully carry forward the socialist democracy, the basic strategy of rule of law has been effectively implemented, all positive factors widely mobilized;
Justice is the interests of all sectors of society are well coordinated, contradictions among the people and other social contradictions are dealt with properly, social fairness and justice has been effectively maintained and achieved;
Honesty is the whole of society help each other, honesty and trustworthiness, equality and fraternity of all peoples, and harmony;
Dynamic is the ability to make all efforts concive to social progress and create desire to be respected, creative activities to be supported to create to get to play, be sure to create results;
Stability and order is the social organization mechanisms, improve social management, social order and good people live and work, maintain social stability and unity;
Harmonious coexistence between man and nature is the development of proction and living well off.

⑧ 求一篇关于racism的英文作文，要4个page..越快越好 谢谢拉！

The terrible toll of racism in the U.S.

By Sharon Smith | March 19, 2004 | Page 7

HALF OF all Black men in New York City can’t find a job, while Black teenage unemployment stands at 37 percent nationwide. These statistics show a crisis among Black Americans that should be setting off alarm bells in election year 2004.

Yet even John Kerry, the candidate whose party’s voting base includes the vast majority of Blacks, has issued barely a sound bite. This should come as no surprise, since Black lives, Black votes and Black rights have been devalued since the Founding Fathers.

The original U.S. Constitution permitted slavery and counted Black slaves as three-fifths of white persons in determining both Congressional representation and taxation, embedding racism in the very foundation of U.S. society. The institution of slavery was abolished only through Civil War, a bloody second American Revolution that cost at least 600,000 lives.

But racism outlived slavery and flourished for the next 100 years in the form of Jim Crow segregation, in which the majority of states, from North Dakota to Texas to California, made it a crime for Blacks to intermingle with whites in all walks of life--from hospitals to cemeteries, lunch counters to phone booths, military service to marriage.

Jim Crow segregation laws were challenged and finally struck down only because of a massive civil rights struggle stretching over more than two decades, from the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott to the fight to enforce court-ordered school desegregation in the 1970s. But de facto segregation continued, North and South, while accusations of "reverse racism" and Black "welfare dependency" emanated from the political establishment, injecting racism with new life in the post-civil rights era.

Politicians from both the Democratic and Republican Parties scrambled to appear "tough on crime," embracing the so-called war on drugs, which tripled the prison population between 1980 and 1995. Two-thirds of those who entered the prison system ring that period were Black, Latino or poor, and the vast majority of them were nonviolent drug offenders.

Today, with the prison population swollen to more than 2 million, African Americans make up just 12 percent of the U.S. population and only 13 percent of drug users, yet account for 35 percent of drug arrests and 53 percent of drug convictions. Blacks are also 43 percent of those on death row.

Last year, the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics estimated that 30 percent of 12 year-old Black boys will spend time in jail in their lifetimes--far more than will attend college. And because many states have laws denying present and former inmates the right to vote, an estimated 13 percent of all Black men--including one in every three in Alabama and Florida--have been disenfranchised.

Racism, not criminal records, explains the high unemployment rate for Black men today. A recent Wall Street Journal report showed that in the city of Milwaukee, a white job applicant with a criminal record has a better chance of being called for an interview than a Black man with no criminal record.

"The disadvantage carried by a young Black man applying for a job as a dishwasher or a driver is equivalent to forcing a white man to carry an 18-month prison record on his back," concluded reporter David Wessel. And only racism can explain these statistics:

-- Segregation in public schools, which decreased continuously from the 1950s to the late 1980s, has now returned to levels not seen in three decades.

-- Black infants are almost two-and-a-half times more likely than white infants to die before the age of one, a wider gap than in 1970.

-- In 2002, 79 percent of Blacks aged 25 and older were high school graates, compared with 30 percent in 1968. Yet the typical Black household had a net worth of just $19,000, compared with $121,000 for whites.

More than 200 years since slavery was written into the U.S. constitution, its racist legacy remains--and the words of abolitionist Frederick Douglass remain true: "Without struggle, there can be no progress." Only a struggle that shakes the foundation of U.S. society can end racism.

中文意思是：
那可怕的人数在美国的种族主义

一半的男性黑人在纽约找不到一份工作,而黑棋十几岁的失业站在37%覆盖全国。这些统计数据显示,美国黑人危机中应燃放警钟,在选举2004年。

然而,即使约翰·克里,候选人的党的投票基地包括绝大多数的黑人,颁发了差不多一声咬人。这应该来,一点也不令人讶异,因为黑色的生活,黑人选票和黑色的权利受到贬值自开国元勋。

原美国宪法允许奴隶制和计算的黑人奴隶的五分之三的人作为美国国会在确定白色代表和税收、包埋种族主义的美国社会的根本基础。废除奴隶制的机构而言,只有通过内战,一场血腥的第二次美国革命,花至少60万的生活。

奴隶制度和种族主义后,但接下来的100年的繁荣的形式,吉姆乌鸦偏析大多数的州,从北达科他州到德克萨斯州到加州,使其成为犯罪行为的黑人与白人混入各行各业的——从医院向坟场,午餐柜台电话展位,军事服务到婚姻。

吉姆乌鸦隔离法和挑战,终于发现了下来,只是因为大规模的民权斗争拉伸二十多年来,从1955年蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动向战斗执行几个学校种族隔离在20世纪70年代。但事实上的隔离继续,北部和南部,而“反种族歧视的指控“福利依赖”和“黑色的起源地从政治的设立、注入新生命的种族主义post-civil权利的时代。

政客民主党和共和党两党炒出现“严厉”融入到犯罪,所谓的毒品战争,这是三倍于1980年和1995年监狱人口之间。三分之二的w

呵呵找了半天给你找到的 虽然不是 我写的 但是写的还不错

⑨ 英语作文和翻译

MAO zedong's visit
A man should pass many things, but some fleeting, some deep-rooted, shall not forget, but time is longer, the increasingly deep impression, such as this is the shaoshan.

MAO zedong's visit, is the purpose of the trip. MAO zedong's former residence is a mud brick houses, leaning against the lotus pond, clear and bamboo, is the common ordinary farmyard housing, inside of small wood, kerosene lamps, etc, all cooking simple and beautiful. Here, surrounded by green pine and bamboo around, gloomy biddings. This is the world of MAO zedong, is born it as "the sun rises, is the" revolutionary "holy"! When we visited the former residence, out of sight, the eyeful is green, the nature of the breath that we relaxed, let us enjoy the holy spirit and years of memory. A great leader, chairman MAO zedong though, but he's already far-away dale forever, he always be in our hearts had16).

The founding of the communist party of China eighty years. Eighty years ago, China is in the night FengYuRuPan, in the dark powers, aggression, warlords, political corruption, indeed, national destiny in jeopardy. At this time, people have longed to have a strong political power, and a great man to lead the people into power high-road prosperous. The communist party of China is in this context, MAO zedong was founded in this age of birth. 80 years, we walked very ordinary course, have setbacks, error, but nobody can deny, achievement is huge, performance is brilliant. In chairman MAO as core under the leadership of the central committee, and lead the Chinese people made democratic revolution victory. Make us from a state of China into a prosperous China.

Comrade MAO zedong's greatest historical merit, is the basic principles of marxism-leninism with China's concrete practice, has created a combined with marxist-leninist revolutionary theory and revolutionary armed style, the communist party of China, our party and people's leadership after 28 years of painstaking struggle to find a new-democratic revolution, the correct path in China's overturned the pressure head of the "three big mountains", complete the task of anti-imperialist and anti-feudal sealing, established in China in 1949. Chinese people have stood up from. Then he from China's reality, began to explore the socialist construction of roads, continue to push forward development history of China. Despite twists and turns in the exploration of even a serious mistakes are, but under the leadership of the party, we establish suitable for China's national conditions in the basic socialist system based on efforts to find suitable for China's national conditions, the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the road, the great cause of socialism constantly from success.

Comrade MAO zedong's marxist, is of great proletarian revolutionist, strategist and theorists. In the long years of revolution and construction, with him as a representative of the Chinese communist party, established MAO zedong thought. We insist on MAO zedong thought correctly and as an integral whole, to grasp the essence of it, it is a living soul, we persist in seeking truth from facts, the mass line and independent. MAO zedong thought is marxism-leninism in the application and development of China, is the crystallization of the wisdom of communist party of China. MAO zedong thought is the Chinese communists theory and the spirit of the Chinese nation, is always our country's construction of socialist modernization.

My heartfelt thanks to FuJinZhuiXi, chairman MAO, thanks to the communist party. If not, they will have our happy life today, today's reform and opening-up. If no chairman MAO, the communist party, won't we have now university life. In the whole series of MAO zedong's visit the activities in the process, we visit former chairman MAO wrote his old man's house, and his beginning, dale, deeply feel the great communist the happy life today, their posterity.

As an ordinary student, born in peace, the party in the red, more should be aware of their responsibilities to their more, should put the aim of serving the people in the first place, and now as a student, we first is to learn, to serve the people.

A day of shaoshan swam over. This day let me many benefits. I feel better understanding of the great man. A great man is not he got for himself, but for others to do something. He is a great man, a big hero of adoration million, and is a husband, a father and a son, a simple life of the ordinary people with poor, maybe just such an ordinary foil gives him the unusual, chairman of the image from a great man has become my mind is a kind old man. Finally, I still want to end as chairman of poetry "heroes still see today!" Students work hard, let us work together to become tomorrow's romantic!
参观毛泽东故居
一个人要经过许多事情，有的转瞬即逝，有的却刻骨铭心，永世难忘，而且时间过得越长，印象就愈加深刻，比如这次上韶山。

参观毛泽东故居，是此行的目的。毛泽东故居是一座泥砖的平房，背倚苍松翠竹，面临清澈荷塘，是南方常见的普普通通的农家住房，里面的小木床、煤油灯、土炉灶等，一切都朴实而清幽。这里依山傍水，环山围绕，青松郁郁，翠竹婆娑。这就是世界伟人毛泽东诞生之地，是人们把它誉为“红太阳升起的地方”，是革命的“圣地”!当我们参观完故居，走出故居，展现眼前的是满眼绿色，大自然的气息使我们心旷神怡，让我们领略到“圣地”灵气和岁月的记忆。伟大领袖毛泽东主席虽然已远逝，但他的丰功伟绩永存，他的音容笑貌永远留在我们心中。

中国共产党成立八十四年了。八十年前，中国正处在风雨如磐，长夜难明的黑暗年代，列强侵略，军阀混战，政治腐败，民不聊生，国家命运岌岌可危。在这个时候，人们多么渴望有一个坚强的政治力量，一个伟人能够领导中国人民走向强国富民的康庄大道。中国共产党就是在这种背景下成立的，毛泽东就是在这个时代下诞生的。80年来，我们走过了极不平凡的历程，有过挫折，有过失误，但谁也无法否认，成就是巨大的，业绩是辉煌的。在以毛主席为核心的党中央领导下，带领全国人民取得了民主革命的胜利。使我们从一个一穷二白的旧中国变为一个繁荣富强的新中国。

毛泽东同志最伟大的历史功绩，是把马克思列宁主义基本原理同中国具体实际结合起来，缔造了一个用马克思列宁主义革命理论和革命风格武装起来的中国共产党，领导我们党和人民，经过28年艰苦卓绝的斗争，找到了一条新民主主义革命的正确道路，推翻了压在中国人民头上的“三座大山”，完成了反帝反封的任务，在1949年建立了新中国。中国人民从此站起来了。接着，他又从中国实际出发，开始探索社会主义建设的道路，继续推动中国历史向前发展。尽管在探索中有曲折甚至有严重失误，但是在党的领导下，我们在建立适合中国国情的社会主义基本制度的基础上，努力寻找适合中国国情的社会主义建设的道路，有中国特色社会主义伟大事业不断从胜利走向胜利。

毛泽东同志是伟大的马克思主义者，是无产阶级革命家、战略家和理论家。在长期的革命和建设中，以他为代表的中国共产党人，创立了毛泽东思想。我们要坚持毛泽东思想，要完整地准确地把握它的精神实质，把握它的活的灵魂，坚持实事求是、群众路线、独立自主。毛泽东思想是马克思列宁主义在中国的运用和发展，是中国共产党集体智慧的结晶。毛泽东思想永远是中国共产党人的理论宝库和中华民族的精神支柱，永远是我们建设社会主义现代化国家的行动指南。

抚今追昔，我由衷地感谢毛主席，感谢共产党。如果没有它们，就不会有我们今天的幸福生活，就没有今天的改革开放。如果没有毛主席、共产党，就不会有我们现在的大学生活。在这次全系参观毛泽东故居的活动过程中，我们瞻仰毛主席故居，重温他老人家写下的字字句句，缅怀他的丰功伟绩，深切地感到共产党的伟大、今天幸福生活的来之不易。

作为一名普通学生，生在和平年代，在党的红旗下成长，更应该清醒地认识到自己肩负的责任，更应该把为人民服务的宗旨放在首位，而现在做为学生的我们，首要的就是学习，掌握为人民服务的本领。

短短的一天韶山游结束了。这一天让我获益颇多。我觉得自己更进一步的了解了这位伟人。一个人之所以伟大不是他为自己得到了什么，而是为别人做了些什么。他不但是伟人，一个万人敬仰的大英雄，而且是一个丈夫，一个父亲，一个儿子，一个简单过着清贫生活的平凡人，也许正是这样一种平凡衬托出了他的不平凡，此时主席已从一位伟人的形象变成了我心目中一个和蔼可亲的老人了。最后我还是想以主席的诗词作为结尾：“数风流人物还看今朝！”同学们努力吧，让我们共同努力成为今朝的风流人物！