四大发明英语翻译
① 四大发明的英文翻译
Four Great Inventions : Papermaking ,Commercial Printing ,Gunpowder ,Compass
望采纳
② 中国四大发明的资料（有英文，有翻译）
四大发明是关于中国科学技术史的一种观点，是指中国古代对世界具有很大影响的四种发明，是古代汉族劳动人民的重要创造，一般是指造纸术、指南针、火药及活字印刷术。
指南针：是用以判别方位的一种简单仪器。前身是司南。主要组成部分是一根装在轴上可以自由转动的磁针。磁针在地磁场作用下能保持在磁子午线的切线方向上。磁针的北极指向地理的南极，利用这一性能可以辨别方向。常用于航海、大地测量、旅行及军事等方面。指南针的N指北方，E指东方，W指西方，S指南方。
造纸术：是中国四大发明之一，人类文明史上的一项杰出的发明创造。中国是世界上最早养蚕织丝的国家。汉族劳动人民以上等蚕茧抽丝织绸，剩下的恶茧、病茧等则用漂絮法制取丝绵。漂絮完毕，篾席上会遗留一些残絮。当漂絮的次数多了，篾席上的残絮便积成一层纤维薄片，经晾干之后剥离下来，可用于书写。这种漂絮的副产物数量不多，在古书上称它为赫蹏或方絮。这表明了中国汉族造纸术的起源同丝絮有着渊源关系。
火药：一种黑色或棕色的炸药，由硝酸钾、木炭和硫磺机械混合而成，最初均制成粉末状，以后一般制成大小不同的颗粒状，可供不同用途之需，在采用无烟火药以前，一直用作唯一的军用发射药。
印刷术：毕升曾尝试木制活字，但木制活字一直要到元朝（1271年–1368年）王祯（活跃于1290年至1333年）的木模才趋完善。王祯亦将文字按照音韵组合置于有小隔间的转轮排字盘以方便捡字。至于铜版活字要等到明朝（1368年-1644年）华燧（1439年至1513年）于1490年的印刷作品才趋完美。
③ 四大发明英语介绍
The Four Great Inventions 四大发明
The Compass 指南针
Diagram of a Ming dynasty mariner's compass
Main article: Compass
The earliest reference to magnetism in Chinese literature is found in a 4th century BC book called Book of the Devil Valley Master (鬼谷子): "The lodestone makes iron come or it attracts it."
The earliest reference to a magnetic device used as a "direction finder" is in a Song Dynasty book dated to AD 1040-44. Here there is a description of an iron "south-pointing fish" floating in a bowl of water, aligning itself to the south. The device is recommended as a means of orientation "in the obscurity of the night." However, the first suspended magnetic needle compass was written of by Shen Kuo in his book of AD 1088.
For most of Chinese history, the compass that remained in use was in the form of a magnetic needle floating in a bowl of water. According to Needham, the Chinese in the Song Dynasty and continuing Yuan Dynasty did make use of a dry compass, although this type never became as widely used in China as the wet compass.
The dry compass used in China was a dry suspension compass, a wooden frame crafted in the shape of a turtle hung upside down by a board, with the loadstone sealed in by wax, and if rotated, the needle at the tail would always point in the northern cardinal direction. Although the 14th century European compass-card in box frame and dry pivot needle was adopted in China after its use was taken by Japanese pirates in the 16th century (who had in turn learned of it from Europeans), the Chinese design of the suspended dry compass persisted in use well into the 18th century.
Gunpowder 火药
Handgun from the Yuan dynasty, circa 1300s.
Main article: History of gunpowder
The prevailing academic consensus is that gunpowder was discovered in the 9th century by Chinese alchemists searching for an elixir of immortality. By the time the Song Dynasty treatise, Wujing Zongyao (武经总要), was written by Zeng Gongliang and Yang Weide in AD 1044, the various Chinese formulas for gunpowder held levels of nitrate in the range of 27% to 50%. By the end of the 12th century, Chinese formulas of gunpowder had a level of nitrate capable of bursting through cast iron metal containers, in the form of the earliest hollow, gunpowder-filled grenade bombs.
In AD 1280, the bomb store of the large gunpowder arsenal at Weiyang accidentally caught fire, which proced such a massive explosion that a team of Chinese inspectors at the site a week later deced that some 100 guards had been killed instantly, with wooden beams and pillars blown sky high and landing at a distance of over 10 li (~2 mi. or ~3.2 km) away from the explosion.
By the time of Jiao Yu and his Huolongjing in the mid 14th century, the explosive potential of gunpowder was perfected, as the level of nitrate in gunpowder formulas had risen to a range of 12% to 91%, with at least 6 different formulas in use that are considered to have maximum explosive potential for gunpowder. By that time, the Chinese had discovered how to create explosive cannonballs by packing their hollow shells with this nitrate-enhanced gunpowder.
Papermaking 造纸术
Hemp wrapping paper, China, circa 100 BC
Main article: Papermaking
Further information: Science and technology of the Han Dynasty
Papermaking has traditionally been traced to China about AD 105, when Cai Lun, an official attached to the Imperial court ring the Han Dynasty (202 BC-AD 220), created a sheet of paper using mulberry and other bast fibres along with fishnets, old rags, and hemp waste. However a recent archaeological discovery has been reported from near Dunhuang of paper with writing on it dating to 8 BC.
While paper used for wrapping and padding was used in China since the 2nd century BC, paper used as a writing medium only became widespread by the 3rd century. By the 6th century in China, sheets of paper were beginning to be used for toilet paper as well. During the Tang Dynasty (AD 618–907) paper was folded and sewn into square bags to preserve the flavor of tea. The Song Dynasty (AD 960–1279) that followed was the first government to issue paper currency.
Printing 印刷术
Main article: History of typography in East Asia
The Chinese invention of Woodblock printing, at some point before the first dated book in 868 (the Diamond Sutra), proced the world's first print culture. According to A. Hyatt Mayor, curator at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, "it was the Chinese who really discovered the means of communication that was to dominate until our age." Woodblock printing was better suited to Chinese characters than movable type, which the Chinese also invented, but which did not replace woodblock printing. Western printing presses, although introced in the 16th century, were not widely used in China until the 19th century. China, along with Korea, was one of the last countries to adopt them.
The intricate frontispiece of the Diamond Sutra from Tang Dynasty China, AD 868 (British Museum)
Woodblock printing for textiles, on the other hand, preceded text printing by centuries in all cultures, and is first found in China at around 220, then Egypt in the 4th century, and reached Europe by the 14th century or before, via the Islamic world, and by around 1400 was being used on paper for old master prints and playing cards. In another analysis Hyatt Mayor states that "a little before 1400 Europeans had enough paper to begin making holy images and playing cards in woodcut. They need not have learned woodcut from the Chinese, because they had been using woodblocks for about 1,000 years to stamp designs on linen."
Printing in China was further advanced by the 11th century, as it was written by the Song Dynasty scientist and statesman Shen Kuo (1031-1095) that the common artisan Bi Sheng (990-1051) invented ceramic movable type printing.Then there were those such as Wang Zhen (fl. 1290-1333) and Hua Sui (1439-1513), the former of whom invented wooden movable type printing in China, the latter of whom invented metal movable type printing in China. Movable type printing was a tedious process if one were to assemble thousands of indivial characters for the printing of simply one or a few books, but if used for printing thousands of books, the process was efficient and rapid enough to be successful and highly employed. Indeed, there were many cities in China where movable type printing, in wooden and metal form, was adopted by the enterprises of wealthy local families or large private instries. The Qing Dynasty court sponsored enormous printing projects using woodblock movable type printing ring the 18th century. Although superseded by western printing techniques, woodblock movable type printing remains in use in isolated communities in China.别要我逐句翻译，我办不了
④ 中国的“四大发明”用英语怎么说
Four Great Inventions :
四大发明：
Papermaking ,Commercial Printing ,Gunpowder ,Compass
造纸术，活字印刷术，火药，指南针
指南针是用以判别方位的一种简单仪器。前身是司南。主要组成部分是一根装在轴上可以自由转动的磁针。磁针在地磁场作用下能保持在磁子午线的切线方向上。磁针的北极指向地理的北极，利用这一性能可以辨别方向。
造纸术是中国四大发明之一，人类文明史上的一项杰出的发明创造。中国是世界上最早养蚕织丝的国家。
火药：一种黑色或棕色的炸药，由硝酸钾、木炭和硫磺机械混合而成，最初均制成粉末状，以后一般制成大小不同的颗粒状，可供不同用途之需，在采用无烟火药以前，一直用作唯一的军用发射药。
中国是世界上最早发明印刷术的国家。早期的印刷是把图文刻在木板上用水墨印刷的，木版水印画仍用此法，统称“刻版印刷术”（亦称“雕版印刷术”）刻版印刷的前身是公元前流行的印章捺印和后来出现的拓印碑石等。造纸和制墨等生产技术出现之后，逐渐发明了刻版印刷技术。
(4)四大发明英语翻译扩展阅读：
例句：
Gunpowder was first invented in China. In the Tang Dynasty, gunpowder was invented in China. In Song Dynasty, it was widely used in military affairs. At the time of yuan and Ming Dynasties, rockets were also built by using the principle of jet. Gunpowder has been abroad since thirteenth Century.
中国首先发明火药。 早在唐代， 中国就发明了火药。 到宋代已被大量运用到军事上。 元、明之际， 还利用喷气原理制造了“火箭”。 火药从13世纪起传到国外。
⑤ 中国四大发明的英文
"四大发明”英文名为“The Four Great Inventions”
“造纸术”英文名为“Papermaking”
“火回药”英文名为“Gunpowder”
“印刷术”英文名为“Priniting Technique”
“指南针答”英文名为“Compass”
⑥ 中国古代四大发明用英语怎么翻译
指南针：The compass
火药：Gunpowder
造纸术：paper-making
印刷术：printing
在翻译 造纸术、印刷术时，如果是在句子中，专最好在他们后属面在加上technique（“技术”的意思）
也就是 paper-making technique 造纸技术 and printing technique 印刷技术
⑦ 四大发明用英语怎么说
指南针compass
造纸paper making
火药powder
印刷术printing
发音就不打了自己猜吧（其实是打不出来，对不住了＠―＠）
以后下一个金山词霸
⑧ 中国古代四大发明用英文怎么讲
造纸术 Papermaking
指南针 compass
火药 Gunpowder also called black powder
印刷术 Movable type the system of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproce the elements of a document (usually indivial letters or punctuation). The first known movable type system was invented in China by Bi Sheng out of ceramic between 1041 and 1048 AD. Metal movable type was first invented in Korea ring the Goryeo Dynasty (around 1230). This led to the printing of the Jikji in 1377 - today the world's oldest extant movable metal print book.
⑨ “四大发明”英语怎么说
Four Great Inventions :
四大发明：
Papermaking ,Commercial Printing ,Gunpowder ,Compass
造纸术，活字印刷术，火药，指南针
指南针是用以判别方位的一种简单仪器。前身是司南。主要组成部分是一根装在轴上可以自由转动的磁针。磁针在地磁场作用下能保持在磁子午线的切线方向上。磁针的北极指向地理的北极，利用这一性能可以辨别方向。
造纸术是中国四大发明之一，人类文明史上的一项杰出的发明创造。中国是世界上最早养蚕织丝的国家。
火药：一种黑色或棕色的炸药，由硝酸钾、木炭和硫磺机械混合而成，最初均制成粉末状，以后一般制成大小不同的颗粒状，可供不同用途之需，在采用无烟火药以前，一直用作唯一的军用发射药。
中国是世界上最早发明印刷术的国家。早期的印刷是把图文刻在木板上用水墨印刷的，木版水印画仍用此法，统称“刻版印刷术”（亦称“雕版印刷术”）刻版印刷的前身是公元前流行的印章捺印和后来出现的拓印碑石等。造纸和制墨等生产技术出现之后，逐渐发明了刻版印刷技术。
(9)四大发明英语翻译扩展阅读
尽管中华文明有很多重要的成就都以“四大”“五大”等命名，如四大美人、四大古典小说、四书五经，四大发明的概念却来源于西方学者，并在之后被中国人接受。
意大利数学家杰罗姆·卡丹早在1550年就第一个指出，中国对世界所具有影响的“三大发明”：是司南（指南针）、印刷术和火药。并认为它们是“整个古代没有能与之相匹敌的发明。”1621年，英国哲学家培根也曾在《新工具》一书中提到：“活字印刷术、火药、指南针这三种发明已经在世界范围内把事物的全部面貌和情况都改变了。”
1861～1863年，马克思和恩格斯更是将这些发明的意义推到了一个高峰，马克思在《机械、自然力和科学的运用》中写道：“火药、指南针、印刷术——这是预告资产阶级社会到来的三大发明。火药把骑士阶层炸得粉碎，指南针打开了世界市场并建立了殖民地，而印刷术则变成了新教的工具，总的来说变成了科学复兴的手段，变成对精神发展创造必要前提的最强大的杠杆。”