高中英语主动被动语态
❶ 高中英语被动语态
be是is are am的原行,在那种后面必须跟动词原形的词汇后面就不能用is am are ,必须用be,比如can,狗能够被人养——Dog can be fed by human.
❷ 高中英语学哪几种被动语态
一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时,一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,一般将来时,过去将来时,将来进行时被动语态
❸ 高中英语中,主动表被动的用法有哪些
一、不及物动词与副词如well(好), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用 ,描会事物的特性,
常见动词是:cut, sell, read,write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。
eg1:The pen writes well. 这笔很好写。
eg2:The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。
二、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到), look(看起来),smell(闻起来)等
eg1:The apples taste good. 这些苹果尝起来很不错。
eg2:Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。
三、物+be+adj.+to do 结构,当作表语的形容词后的不定式与主语有动宾关系时,常用主动表被动。
eg1:The chair is comfortable to sit on.这把椅子坐上去很舒服。
eg2:The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。
四、Need, want, require(要求,需要), deserve(应得,值得), be worth值得),not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。
eg1:The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
eg2:Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut). 你的头发该剪了。
五、have/has sth. to do 如果句中出现的主语是do的逻辑主语,则用主动表被动。
eg1:I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。
eg2:He has a family to support. 他要维持一个家庭。
六、在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。
eg1:Who is to blame for starting the fire? 这场火灾应由谁负责?
eg2:A lot remains to do.还剩下许多事情要做。
七、一些与can't(不能)或won't(不会)连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开), act(上演), write(写),cut(砍,切),wear(穿,戴)等,用作不及物动词时,用主动表被动。
eg1:The door won't open.这门打不开。
eg2: It can't move.它不能动。
八、主语much, a great deal, little, what等,其表语如是不定式,则用不定式的主动表被动。
eg1. What is to do? 做什么?
eg2. Much is to do. 太多要做的事。
九、在“there be”句型中作主语的定语如果是现在分词时,所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义。
eg1:There is nothing doing these days. 这些天没事干。
eg2:I see there’s a good idea planning. 我知道又在打好主意。
【不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语: fit, have, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to;
不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态: appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.】
❹ 高中英语被动语态的相关语法
被动语态英语中时态很多,但语态不多,只有两种,即:主动语态和被动语态。今天我们着重讲被动语态。
1. 定义:被动语态,即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。例如中文常说:我被他打,这就是一种被动。但有时由于句子结构上的需要也要用被动,例如It is not unusual for workers in that region to be paid more than a month it 在句中作形式主语。而不定式to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是:“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”。
2. 构成:be+past participle(过去分词)(简称P.P.)(+by+动作执行者)(过去分词的概念见上课)
3. 当主动语态要被改成被动的时候,我们把原句的宾语提前,作为改句的主语,主语后置,作为宾语。因此有一点要注意,不及物动词由于不加宾语,没有被动形式,但不及物动词如果与某些介词构成介词短语,可以用被动。例如The fire had been put out before the fireman arrived. Put是不即物动词,但put out是及物动词
4. 应用到各种时态和句型如下:
① 一般式(一般现在,一般过去,一般将来):am, is, are, was, were, is going to be , will be+done.ie. Once environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the system to recover. 本句的意思是:“环境一旦遭到破坏,需要多年时间才能恢复过来。”do作为及物动词有“引起,产生”的含义,do damage的意思是“造成破坏”。主语damage是及物动词do的动作对象,谓语应当用被动语态。同样的,还有,I will mend the machine.相当于The machine will be mended (by me).
② 进行时(现在进行、过去进行、将来进行):be+being+P.P. ie.The classroom is being cleaned.
③ 完成时(现在完成、过去完成、将来完成):have/has been + P.P.:例如The machine will have been repaired by 3 o’clock this afternoon.再如:My homework has been finished.
④ 其他时态依词类推,可得到结果。
⑤ 情态动词的被动语态:主语 + 情态动词 + be动词 + 动词过去分词,例如Your teeth must be brushed.
⑥ 不定式的被动语态:to be done例:The no-shows have to be considered when deciding the rate of overbooking.(确定超过接待能力的预定时必须考虑预定了房间却来不了的客人。)
Ⅱ、主动语态变为被动的几个特殊情况
① 有些动词在主动结构中,后面接不带to的不定式,但如果改为被动,则需把省略的to加上,这类动词有hear, watch, make, help, let等,如:The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day.
② 含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动,通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句子后面/也可采用另一种形式,这类动词有:know, say, believe, find, think, report等
③ 是所有的主动句都可以变换成被动句,更不是所有的被动句都可以自由变换成主动句。虽然语法原则上允许主动和被动句的互相转换,但有的句子转换后会变成不通顺或不地道的英语句子。因此,在某些题目里,这也成为判断应该用主动还是用被动的依据。
例:At 5:05 p.m. on Saturday 19th July , there was an accident at the junction of the Main Street and Panda Road when a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van. The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital where he was treated for shock and a broken arm.
在这段文章里,a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van这句被动句强调出读到文章的人最关心的事故的受害者。The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital这句话则说明了孩子被送到医院的事实,至于是由谁(某个过路人?或肇事司机?)送的不重要。he was treated for shock and a broken arm这句被动句无须说出treat这个动作的发出者,因为在医院,伤病员自然由医务人员处理,无须罗嗦。这样,这段文章就重点突出,条理清楚了。
④ 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。多是把间接宾语变为主语。这样句子自然些。直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语要变为某个介词的宾语,介词to可以省略。如His father left him this house.改为This house was left (to) him by his father.
⑤ 有些动词虽为及物,但宾语并非是动作承受者,不能转换,这些动词有have, hold(容纳),suit, fit, lack, become(适合)contain, cost, last, mean, suffice(足够)等。
⑥ 当直接宾语为反身代词、相互代词或宾语前有指代主语的物主代词时不用被动,如I shook my head.我摇摇头。
⑦ 当宾语为同源宾语(与主句指同一人),动名词,动词不定式或一个从句时不用被动。如John enjoyed seeing the fil,.
⑧ 在一些固定说法中,有些名词和动词结合的固定说法,不能改We Chinese always keep our word.
⑨ 某些从不及物动词转化来的及物动词,直接宾语在表示动作的方式或效果时,这些动词在意思上起状语的作用,没有被动The girl kissed her boyfriend good night=The girl said good night to her boyfriend by kissing him.
⑩ 表地点\处所\组织\长度\大小\数量\程度\抽象名词的词做宾语时不用被动.
⑪ 某些“不及物动词+介词”短语,walk into, listen to, sleep in, agree with, shake hands with, belong to, take part in, keep up with不能用被动。
⑫ 某些词用主动表被动:sell, miss, build, grow, look, smell, taste, sound, feel等
❺ 高中英语被动语态的语法整理
被动语态英语中时态很多,但语态不多,只有两种,即:主动语态和被动语态。今天我们着重讲被动语态。
1. 定义:被动语态,即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。例如中文常说:我被他打,这就是一种被动。但有时由于句子结构上的需要也要用被动,例如It is not unusual for workers in that region to be paid more than a month it 在句中作形式主语。而不定式to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是:“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”。
2. 构成:be+past participle(过去分词)(简称P.P.)(+by+动作执行者)(过去分词的概念见上课)
3. 当主动语态要被改成被动的时候,我们把原句的宾语提前,作为改句的主语,主语后置,作为宾语。因此有一点要注意,不及物动词由于不加宾语,没有被动形式,但不及物动词如果与某些介词构成介词短语,可以用被动。例如The fire had been put out before the fireman arrived. Put是不即物动词,但put out是及物动词
4. 应用到各种时态和句型如下:
① 一般式(一般现在,一般过去,一般将来):am, is, are, was, were, is going to be , will be+done.ie. Once environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the system to recover. 本句的意思是:“环境一旦遭到破坏,需要多年时间才能恢复过来。”do作为及物动词有“引起,产生”的含义,do damage的意思是“造成破坏”。主语damage是及物动词do的动作对象,谓语应当用被动语态。同样的,还有,I will mend the machine.相当于The machine will be mended (by me).
② 进行时(现在进行、过去进行、将来进行):be+being+P.P. ie.The classroom is being cleaned.
③ 完成时(现在完成、过去完成、将来完成):have/has been + P.P.:例如The machine will have been repaired by 3 o’clock this afternoon.再如:My homework has been finished.
④ 其他时态依词类推,可得到结果。
⑤ 情态动词的被动语态:主语 + 情态动词 + be动词 + 动词过去分词,例如Your teeth must be brushed.
⑥ 不定式的被动语态:to be done例:The no-shows have to be considered when deciding the rate of overbooking.(确定超过接待能力的预定时必须考虑预定了房间却来不了的客人。)
Ⅱ、主动语态变为被动的几个特殊情况
① 有些动词在主动结构中,后面接不带to的不定式,但如果改为被动,则需把省略的to加上,这类动词有hear, watch, make, help, let等,如:The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day.
② 含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动,通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句子后面/也可采用另一种形式,这类动词有:know, say, believe, find, think, report等
③ 是所有的主动句都可以变换成被动句,更不是所有的被动句都可以自由变换成主动句。虽然语法原则上允许主动和被动句的互相转换,但有的句子转换后会变成不通顺或不地道的英语句子。因此,在某些题目里,这也成为判断应该用主动还是用被动的依据。
例:At 5:05 p.m. on Saturday 19th July , there was an accident at the junction of the Main Street and Panda Road when a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van. The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital where he was treated for shock and a broken arm.
在这段文章里,a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van这句被动句强调出读到文章的人最关心的事故的受害者。The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital这句话则说明了孩子被送到医院的事实,至于是由谁(某个过路人?或肇事司机?)送的不重要。he was treated for shock and a broken arm这句被动句无须说出treat这个动作的发出者,因为在医院,伤病员自然由医务人员处理,无须罗嗦。这样,这段文章就重点突出,条理清楚了。
④ 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。多是把间接宾语变为主语。这样句子自然些。直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语要变为某个介词的宾语,介词to可以省略。如His father left him this house.改为This house was left (to) him by his father.
⑤ 有些动词虽为及物,但宾语并非是动作承受者,不能转换,这些动词有have, hold(容纳),suit, fit, lack, become(适合)contain, cost, last, mean, suffice(足够)等。
⑥ 当直接宾语为反身代词、相互代词或宾语前有指代主语的物主代词时不用被动,如I shook my head.我摇摇头。
⑦ 当宾语为同源宾语(与主句指同一人),动名词,动词不定式或一个从句时不用被动。如John enjoyed seeing the fil,.
⑧ 在一些固定说法中,有些名词和动词结合的固定说法,不能改We Chinese always keep our word.
⑨ 某些从不及物动词转化来的及物动词,直接宾语在表示动作的方式或效果时,这些动词在意思上起状语的作用,没有被动The girl kissed her boyfriend good night=The girl said good night to her boyfriend by kissing him.
⑩ 表地点\处所\组织\长度\大小\数量\程度\抽象名词的词做宾语时不用被动.
⑪ 某些“不及物动词+介词”短语,walk into, listen to, sleep in, agree with, shake hands with, belong to, take part in, keep up with不能用被动。
⑫ 某些词用主动表被动:sell, miss, build, grow, look, smell, taste, sound, feel等
❻ 高中英语,主动表被动的单词和句型有哪些.
1.英语中有很多动词如break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read,write, wash等, 当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例:
This kind of cloth washes well.
My pen writes smoothly.
These books sell well.
2. 表示“发生、进行”等的不及物动词和短语, 如: happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
例: How long did it last?
Great changes have taken place in Shanghai in the last few years.
I wish my dream would come true.
3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, smell, look等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例:Your reason sounds reasonable.
* 注意区分它们作
行为动词时可以被动:
An air of depression
was felt.
4. 在need,want,require等词的后面, 动名词用主动形式表示被动意义, 其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例: The house needs repairing.
to be repaired
5. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
例: The book is well
worth reading.
=The book is well
worthy to be read.)
6. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.(to do与things是动宾关系,与I 是主谓关系。)
试比较:I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted?
( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
7. 在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting .例:
•English is easy to be learned.
•English is easy to learn.
•这道题很难解出.
This problem is difficult to work out
8. 在too… to…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例:
This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6. blame仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
Who is to blame for starting the fire?
The children were not to blame for the accident