初中英语复合句讲解
Ⅰ 初中英语复合句
在初中范围复合句中主要有状语从句和宾语从句(名词性从句)两种，我们首先来看宾语从内句。
①在及物动词的后容面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：
I knew the man, 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如：
I knew that he was a good man
Ⅱ 英语复合句的用法
这是个宾语从句，they can't take part in 翻译过来就是他们不能参加，不能参加什么呢？这里就少一个宾语,所以就用what来表达不能参加的内容 take part in what they see 不能参加他们看到的
Ⅲ 英语：什么是复合句详细！
复合句（Complex Sentence）由一个主句（Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。
主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。
从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词（connective）引导。
复合句（The Complex Sentence）：句子中有一个或一个以上的从句，叫做复合句。复合句可分为：
1).定语从句（The Attributive Clause）；
2).状语从句（The Adverbial Clause）；
3).名词性从句（The Noun Clause）
详细请参考：http://ke..com/view/137894.htm
Ⅳ 英语复合句解析
英语复合句分析，最重要的就是把复合句分解成简单句，这个是最重要的，每一个复合句都是有简单句组成的。
Ⅳ 英语的复合句怎样理解它的意思
复合句最主要的就是要搞清主要结构。
这句话的意思是他说的是真的
what he said 主语
is true 系表结构
Ⅵ 英语语法讲解复合句
复合句指的是含有两个或更多的主谓结构的句子，其中有一个（或更多）主谓结构充当句子的某一（些）成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句都属于复合句。
一、状语从句：
状语从句 Adverbial Clause，从句用作状语称为状语从句。根据用途，状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、让步、结果、目的等状语从句。
I. 时间状语从句
时间状语从句表示时间，常用的关联词有when, until, as, after, before, once, since, as long as, whenever等等。
例: 1) When you cross a main road, you must be careful.
2) He went out to play football after he had finished his homework.
3) Wait until you are called.
4) I can't recognize you. You are so changed since last we met.
5) He didn't go to school until he was eleven.
You can use my house as long as you are careful.
He is so terrible once he is drunk.
I listen to the radio while I walk every evening.
II. 地点状语从句
地点状语从句表示地点，常用的关联词有where, wherever, anywhere等。
例如：1) Put it where you found it.
2) Sit down wherever you like.
3) Anywhere she goes, he goes too.
III. 原因状语从句
原因状语从句表示原因或理由，常用的关联词有because, as, since, in case等。
1) I eat ice-cream so much because I like sweet food.
2) As I didn't know the way, I asked a policeman.
3) Since you won't help me, I'll ask someone else.
I'll take my raincoat in case it rains. (in case it rains = because it may rain)我将带上雨衣，以防下雨。
IV. 条件状语从句
条件状语从句表示真实的或现实的条件，引导从句所用的关联词有if, unless, suppose, in case(that), in the event (that), as (so) long as等等。
1) If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.
You'll be late, unless you hurry.
3) Suppose we are late, what will he say? (suppose从句必须放在主句之前) 我们如果迟到了，他会说什么？
4) In the event that our team wins, there will be a party.
5) In case it rains, do not expect me. 如果下雨，就不要等我了。
6) He will do anything as(so) long as it is interesting. 只要好玩，他什么都愿意做。
V. 方式状语从句
方式状语从句表示动作的方式，回答How的问题，常用关联词as, as if, as though, the way(that), in the way(that)等引导，一般置于主语之后。
Do as I say. I did just as you told me. 照我说的去做。我就是照你说的去做的。
He acts as if/as though he is the owner. 他行为举止好象是这儿的主人似的。
They did it in a way that I had never seen before. 他们以我从没见过的方式行事。
I was never allowed to sing the way I wanted to. 我从未被允许用自己想用的方式唱歌。
VI. 让步状语从句
让步状语从句表示“虽然、尽管、即使”等概念，使句子具有对比的因素。常用的关联词有although, though, even if, even though, not that(=although…not)等，置于主语之前或后。
1) Although you feel very ill right now, this is still a common disease.
2) Though he has lived for years in London, he writes in French.
3) We intend to go U.S., even if air fares are expensive.
4) Even though fruits are good, you can't live with fruits only.
5) I'm OK now, not that I slept (although I did not sleep) very well last night.
VII. 结果状语从句
结果状语从句表示结果， 常由连词so…that, such(a/an)…that, so that, such that等引导，置于主语之后。
She was so frightened about the dog that she cried.
The news worried him so much that he didn't sleep at all for the whole night.
He is such a wonderful joker that you can't help laughing.
They are such wonderful players that no one can beat them.
We arrived early, so that we got good seats.
The weather was such that I couldn't go out.
VIII. 目的状语从句
目的状语从句表示目的，回答what for或 for what purpose的问题，常用关联词so that, in order that等引导，一般置于主语之后。目的状语从句中的谓语动词常由“情态动词+动词原形”构成。
Ships carry lifeboats so that people can escape if the ship sinks.
They wrote the notice in several languages so that foreigners could understand it.
We carved their names on the stone in order that people should always remember them.
They risk their lives so that/in order that they may support their kids.
二、定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3） which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用.例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略.例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.
他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.
他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方
3. 判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
4. 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
5. 介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
6. as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。
7. 先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)
8. what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who
3) that 和 what
当that引导定语从句时 ，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句， 用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。
9. 关系代词that 的用法
1）不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
b) 介词后不能用。
2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。
d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。
e) 先行词既有人，又有物时,只用that。
三、名词性从句：
在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语与同位语的句子分别叫做主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句， 这些统称为名词性从句。
（一）主语从句
在复合句中用作主语的从句叫主语从句。
A 为了强调主语从句的内容，可将从句置于句首
B 大部分主语从句都可以用it作形式主语
为了保持句子平衡，主语从句常用it作形式主语，将主语从句后置。用it作形式主语的主语从句结构有如下几种：
1、It is + 名词 + that从句
2、It is + 形容词 + that从句
3、It + 动词 + that从句
4、It is + 过去分词 + that从句
用形式主语it引导的主语从句相当多，有些已形成固定的语法和译法。常见的有：
It is said that... 据说……
It is reported that... 据报导……
It is well known that... 众所周知……
It is announced that... 据宣布……
It is believed that... 人们相信……
It is thought that... 人们认为……
It is understood that... 自不待言……
It must be pointed out that... 必须指出……
It must be admitted that... 必须承认……
（二）宾语从句
宾语从句 The Object Clause，在复合句中作主句的宾语，它属于名词性从句。它可以作主句谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。宾语从句以从句的句式来决定连接词。
宾语从句有四步曲
连接词： （也叫引导词）
语序： 从句的词序用陈述语序（主+ 谓）
时态： 主句的时态如果是过去时，从句的时态应以过去时为基础作相应的变化。
人称： 要根据句中的意义作相应的变化
连接词（引导词）
从属连词 that ，if ，whether
连接代词 who， whom， whose， which， what
连接副词 when ，where ，how ，why
1.如果陈述句作从句，连接词用that,在口语和非正式语体中常可省略that 。
2.特殊疑问句作从句，就用原来的特殊疑问词
3.一般疑问句作从句，连词用if或whether 在选择疑问句只用whether，记住这一结构：whether … or not 。
（三）表语从句
表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。
A 可接表语从句的连系动词
可接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。
B as, as if / though引导的表语从句
C because, why引导的表语从句
what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。
D 使用虚拟语气的表语从句
在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用"should+动词原形"表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea等。
（四）同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。同位语从句一般由that引导，但也可以由whether以及连接代词和连接副词引导。
A 同位语从句一般跟在名词的后面
同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, hope, idea, news, doubt, suggestion, information, opinion, decision, discovery, truth, promise, statement, problem, rule等后面。
B 使用虚拟语气的同位语从句
在一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用"should + 动词原形"，should可省略。
Ⅶ 英语复合句的句子成分 如何分析
所谓复合句，就是一个主句和一个或多个从句所组成的一个句子的集合体。分析这样的句子，首先要分清主句和从句的基本结构。也就是，哪个是主句，那些个是从句。从句又是什么类型的，是状语从句呢，还是宾语从句，还是定语从句。
一般情况下，从句都带有明确的连接词，这是判别从句的标志。比如，that引导宾语从句，你看到一个及物动词后有that 引起的从句，这个从句就是一个宾语从句。where 可以引导地点状语从句，而when引起的从句就是时间状语从句等。定语从句是由which 或 that 引起，这个从句一定在名词（中心词）的后面。下面看个例子：
Mr. Stern said （that）he believes （that）the Chinese see climate change as an issue of significant importance, not only "as a substantive matter, but also of real importance in the U.S.-China bilateral relationship, and increasingly something that's going to be important for the way they are perceived by the rest of the world."
这一个段落是一个句子，基本结构有四个层次，主句下面的两个层次都是省略了that的宾语从句（连词that在从句里做宾语时可省略），第三层次的宾语从句里又包涵了两个定语从句。
Mr Stern said （第一层次）
(that) he believes （第二层次）
(that) the Chinese see...（第三层次）
在第三层次的宾语从句里，（that）the Chinese see..., and something that's going to be important for the way they are perceived by the rest of the world."这里又出现了 that's going to be important... 这个定语从句，修饰前面的something,意思是“变得重要的一件事”。另一个省略了that 的定语从句 they are perceived by the rest of the world，修饰它前面的the way，意思是“世界认识这些事情的方式”。 这两个定语从句在结构上属于第四层次。这样这个句子的意思就容易理解了，“Stern先生说，他相信中国会把气候的变化看做是十分重要的一件事情，它不仅是一个实质的问题，而且在中美双边关系上发挥重要作用。随着世界人民对它的认识，它会变得越来越重要。”
希望这样解说你能够明白。对外经贸大学出版社出版的丁衡祁教授的《英语学习导航》一书里有对长句分析的详细讲解，不妨一读。
Ⅷ 英语复合句
从句子结构上来说，句子有三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句有一个主语或多个主语和一个谓语；一个主语和多个谓语。并列句是由并列连词连接的两个或多个简单句。复合句指的是含有两个或更多的主谓结构的句子，其中有一个（或更多）主谓结构充当句子的某一（些）成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句都属于复合句。
一、状语从句：
状语从句 Adverbial Clause，从句用作状语称为状语从句。根据用途，状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、让步、结果、目的等状语从句。
I. 时间状语从句
时间状语从句表示时间，常用的关联词有when, until, as, after, before, once, since, as long as, whenever等等。
例: 1) When you cross a main road, you must be careful.
2) He went out to play football after he had finished his homework.
3) Wait until you are called.
4) I can't recognize you. You are so changed since last we met.
5) He didn't go to school until he was eleven.
You can use my house as long as you are careful.
He is so terrible once he is drunk.
I listen to the radio while I walk every evening.
II. 地点状语从句
地点状语从句表示地点，常用的关联词有where, wherever, anywhere等。
例如：1) Put it where you found it.
2) Sit down wherever you like.
3) Anywhere she goes, he goes too.
III. 原因状语从句
原因状语从句表示原因或理由，常用的关联词有because, as, since, in case等。
1) I eat ice-cream so much because I like sweet food.
2) As I didn't know the way, I asked a policeman.
3) Since you won't help me, I'll ask someone else.
I'll take my raincoat in case it rains. (in case it rains = because it may rain)我将带上雨衣，以防下雨。
IV. 条件状语从句
条件状语从句表示真实的或现实的条件，引导从句所用的关联词有if, unless, suppose, in case(that), in the event (that), as (so) long as等等。
1) If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.
You'll be late, unless you hurry.
3) Suppose we are late, what will he say? (suppose从句必须放在主句之前) 我们如果迟到了，他会说什么？
4) In the event that our team wins, there will be a party.
5) In case it rains, do not expect me. 如果下雨，就不要等我了。
6) He will do anything as(so) long as it is interesting. 只要好玩，他什么都愿意做。
V. 方式状语从句
方式状语从句表示动作的方式，回答How的问题，常用关联词as, as if, as though, the way(that), in the way(that)等引导，一般置于主语之后。
Do as I say. I did just as you told me. 照我说的去做。我就是照你说的去做的。
He acts as if/as though he is the owner. 他行为举止好象是这儿的主人似的。
They did it in a way that I had never seen before. 他们以我从没见过的方式行事。
I was never allowed to sing the way I wanted to. 我从未被允许用自己想用的方式唱歌。
VI. 让步状语从句
让步状语从句表示“虽然、尽管、即使”等概念，使句子具有对比的因素。常用的关联词有although, though, even if, even though, not that(=although…not)等，置于主语之前或后。
1) Although you feel very ill right now, this is still a common disease.
2) Though he has lived for years in London, he writes in French.
3) We intend to go U.S., even if air fares are expensive.
4) Even though fruits are good, you can't live with fruits only.
5) I'm OK now, not that I slept (although I did not sleep) very well last night.
VII. 结果状语从句
结果状语从句表示结果， 常由连词so…that, such(a/an)…that, so that, such that等引导，置于主语之后。
She was so frightened about the dog that she cried.
The news worried him so much that he didn't sleep at all for the whole night.
He is such a wonderful joker that you can't help laughing.
They are such wonderful players that no one can beat them.
We arrived early, so that we got good seats.
The weather was such that I couldn't go out.
VIII. 目的状语从句
目的状语从句表示目的，回答what for或 for what purpose的问题，常用关联词so that, in order that等引导，一般置于主语之后。目的状语从句中的谓语动词常由“情态动词+动词原形”构成。
Ships carry lifeboats so that people can escape if the ship sinks.
They wrote the notice in several languages so that foreigners could understand it.
We carved their names on the stone in order that people should always remember them.
They risk their lives so that/in order that they may support their kids.
二、定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3） which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用.例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略.例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.
他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.
他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方
3. 判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
4. 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
5. 介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
6. as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。
7. 先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)
8. what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who
3) that 和 what
当that引导定语从句时 ，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句， 用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。
9. 关系代词that 的用法
1）不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
b) 介词后不能用。
2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。
d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。
e) 先行词既有人，又有物时,只用that。
三、名词性从句：
在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语与同位语的句子分别叫做主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句， 这些统称为名词性从句。
（一）主语从句
在复合句中用作主语的从句叫主语从句。
A 为了强调主语从句的内容，可将从句置于句首
B 大部分主语从句都可以用it作形式主语
为了保持句子平衡，主语从句常用it作形式主语，将主语从句后置。用it作形式主语的主语从句结构有如下几种：
1、It is + 名词 + that从句
2、It is + 形容词 + that从句
3、It + 动词 + that从句
4、It is + 过去分词 + that从句
用形式主语it引导的主语从句相当多，有些已形成固定的语法和译法。常见的有：
It is said that... 据说……
It is reported that... 据报导……
It is well known that... 众所周知……
It is announced that... 据宣布……
It is believed that... 人们相信……
It is thought that... 人们认为……
It is understood that... 自不待言……
It must be pointed out that... 必须指出……
It must be admitted that... 必须承认……
（二）宾语从句
宾语从句 The Object Clause，在复合句中作主句的宾语，它属于名词性从句。它可以作主句谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。宾语从句以从句的句式来决定连接词。
宾语从句有四步曲
连接词： （也叫引导词）
语序： 从句的词序用陈述语序（主+ 谓）
时态： 主句的时态如果是过去时，从句的时态应以过去时为基础作相应的变化。
人称： 要根据句中的意义作相应的变化
连接词（引导词）
从属连词 that ，if ，whether
连接代词 who， whom， whose， which， what
连接副词 when ，where ，how ，why
1.如果陈述句作从句，连接词用that,在口语和非正式语体中常可省略that 。
2.特殊疑问句作从句，就用原来的特殊疑问词
3.一般疑问句作从句，连词用if或whether 在选择疑问句只用whether，记住这一结构：whether … or not 。
（三）表语从句
表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。
A 可接表语从句的连系动词
可接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。
B as, as if / though引导的表语从句
C because, why引导的表语从句
what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。
D 使用虚拟语气的表语从句
在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用"should+动词原形"表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea等。
（四）同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。同位语从句一般由that引导，但也可以由whether以及连接代词和连接副词引导。
A 同位语从句一般跟在名词的后面
同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, hope, idea, news, doubt, suggestion, information, opinion, decision, discovery, truth, promise, statement, problem, rule等后面。
B 使用虚拟语气的同位语从句
在一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用"should + 动词原形"，should可省略。
Ⅸ 初中生应掌握的复合句的简介用法及例句,谢谢！！！(急求）
初中英语复合句总复习
初中英语教材中涉及到的复合句主要有：The Object Clause (宾语从句)、The Adverbial Clause (状语从句) 和 The Attributive Clause (定语从句)。其它诸如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等形式的复合句尽管在教材中也有出现，但在中考中没有被列为重点考查范围。
一、The Object Clause (宾语从句)
宾语从句是英语中用来充当宾语的句子。带有宾语从句的那个句子叫主句。宾语从句一般由“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”构成，其语序是陈述句语序。
Note:
难点
1. 避免重复出现连接代词或连接副词；e.g. I can’t see that what is over there. （应去掉that）
2. 从句中的语序为陈述语序；e.gDo you know how old is she? (应改为：…how old she is)
3. 从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应。She didn’t tell me when she will come. (应改为：when she would come)
三、转换：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词＋动词不定式替代，进行句型上的转换。
e.g. I’ve no idea what we’re going to do next. = I’ve no idea what to do next.
Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? = Could you tell me how to get to the post office?
难点：
宾语从句的时态
主句中谓语动词是一般现在时，从句中谓语动词的时态不受限制，可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须要用某种过去时态，以保持时态的前后呼应。特别要注意的是当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、名言时，则用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制。试比较：
He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible.
He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible.
Tom says that he is mending his car.
Tom said that he was mending his car.
The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun.
宾语从句中考题练兵：
一、单项选择
( ) 1. I don’t think he will come here on time, ? (重庆)
A. won’t he B. will he C. does he D. is he
( ) 2. Will you please tell me ? (上海)
A. where Pudong Airport is B. how far Pudong Airport was
C. how can we get to Pudong Airport D. when was Pudong Airport built
( ) 3. It’s not polite to ask people in England. (常州)
A. how much money you have got B. what the weather is like
C. what your city looks like D. how old are you
( ) 4. I wonder if he tonight. If he , I’ll let you know. (扬州)
A. will come; will come B. comes; comes C. will come; comes D. comes; will come
( ) 5. I can’t say I want to see him again. We haven’t seen each other for nearly three years.
A. how long B. how soon C. how often D. how much
( ) 6. Mr. Green told me that he on a trip next Sunday. (通化)
A. are going B. was going C. will go D. would going
( ) 7. Our geography teacher told us that Japan the east of China. (河北)
A. is in B. was in C. is to D. was to
( ) 8. Nobody knows he’ll come or not. (辽宁)
A. that B. if C. / D. whether
二、按要求改写句子
1. “Do you want to try something new?” Tom’s mother asked him. (改为复合句,句意不变) (济南)
Tom’s mother asked him to try something new.
2. Could you tell me the way to the station? (改写句子,句意不变) (青岛)
Could you tell me to the station?
3. “I have finished my homework.” John told me. (改为复合句,句意不变) (天津)
John told me that homework.
4. I don’t how I can reach the zoo. (改为简单句) (宿迁)
I don’t know the zoo.
二、状语从句是副词性从句，其句法功能是修饰谓语或整个句子等，在句中作状语，通常由从属连词引导。
Note: 1、在时间状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态应按下列规律确定。
1) 主句一般将来时，从句用一般现在时：e.g. The boy will be a writer when he grows up.
2) 主句含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时：e.g. When the lights are red, the traffic must stop.
3) 主句为祈使句时，从句用一般现在时：e.g. Please don’t go to bed before you finish your homework.
4) 主句为一般过去时，从句也用过去时态：e.g. I liked reading when I was young.
2、 The Adverbial Clause of Condition (条件状语从句)
1) 条件状语从句通常由if或unless(=if not)引导，从句中常用一般时代替将来时，即if或unless后的句子谓语用一般现在时或一般过去时。但是，主句则通常用将来时，情态动词或祈使句。
e.g. If he doesn’t come on time, we won’t know what to know.
He must come if he is told.
Please let me know if he comes back.
I’ll go there unless it rains.
2) If 条件句的替代形式：
（1）祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句（谓语动词通常用将来时态）。其中，and表示句意顺承；or表示转折，意为“否则”。
e.g. If you work hard, you’ll pass the exam easily. = Work hard, and you’ll pass the exam easily.
If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind others. = Work hard, or you’ll fall behind others.
（2）用介词with, without的替代形式：
e.g. If there is no water, the fish may die. = Fish may die without water.
If you help me, I’ll finish my task on time. = With your help/With the help of you, I’ll finish my task on time.
状语从句中考题练兵：
一、单项选择( ) 1. Somebody rang me up just now, but he hung up I could answer the phone.
A. when B. until C. before D. since
( ) 2. Mr Smith usually reads a newspaper he’s waiting for the bus. (徐州)
A. if B. the C. because D. while
( ) 3. You must leave here now your mother can get some more rest. (常州)
A. because B. though C. so that D. so
( ) 4. The meeting is important that you mustn’t miss it. (盐城)
A. very B. such C. so D. too
( ) 5. –I’m going to the supermarket.
-- you are there, would you please buy me some vegetables? (镇江)
A. If B. Because C. While D. After
( ) 6. –Do you know what he did all day? (镇江)
--He spent as much time playing as he .
A. studying B. was studying C. studied D. did studying
( ) 7. If Mg in O2, we MgO, and it combination reaction(化学变化). (泰州)
A. will burn, get, calls B. burns, will get, called
C. will burn, can get, is calling D. burns, will get, is called
( ) 8. he talked with her for a long time, he failed to convince(说服)her. (黄冈)
A. Though B. But C. Since D. As
三、 The Attributive Clause (定语从句)
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对其先行词起限定作用。
This is Tom.
Tom gave us a talk yesterday.
This is Tom who (that) gave us a talk yesterday.
先行词 定语从句
引导定语从句的关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which
引导定语从句的关系副词有：where, when, why
一、 who, whom, whose引导的定语从句
1. who 在从句中作主语，不可省略，它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人。
e.g. This is the doctor who came her yesterday.
2. whom在从句中作宾语，它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人，可以省略。
e.g. The man (whom) you saw last week has left the town.
注意：在从句中作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在whom之前，也可放在原来的位置上。在含有介词的固定动词词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上。e.g.
a) The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei. = The man whom I borrowed the book from is Li Lei.
(前句中的whom不可省略，后句中的whom可省略)
b) The girl whom he is taking care of is ill. (take care of是固定词组)
3. whose在从句中作定语，表示所属关系，其所修饰的先行词既可是人也可是物。
e.g. I know the woman whose husband is a doctor.
He lives in the house whose window faces south.
二、 that, which引导的定语从句
这两个代词均指物，它们所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词是物,通常情况下，它们可以互换。
1. that, which在从句中作主语，不可省略。
e.g. Hero is the film that/which was directed by Zhang Yimou.
2. that, which在从句中作宾语，可以省略。
e.g. Is this the film (that/which) you talked about last week?
注意：关系代词在作介词宾语时，只能用which且不能省略。
e.g. The house in which he once lived is a meeting-room. = The house (which) he once lived in is a meeting-room.
知识拓展：
引导定语从句的关系代词that和which，在一般情况下，尽管可以互换使用，但在下列情况下，只能用that，而不用which：
1. 先行词是复合不定代词everything, anything, nothing等时。
e.g. She didn’t forget anything (that) her mother had told her to buy.
2. 先行词被序数词或the last修饰时。
e.g. This is the first textbook (that) I studied in the primary school.
He is in the last row that is next to the window.
3. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
e.g. That is the highest building (that) I have ever seen.
4. 先行词被the only, the very, the same等修饰时。
e.g. This is the very novel (that) you want to borrow.
5. 先行词是或被all, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时，
e.g. I’ve written down all (that )the teacher doesn’t allow us to do.
They haven’t got any dictionaries (that) we need.
6. 先行词既包含人又包含物时。
e.g. He told us many interesting things and persons (that) we had never heard.
7. 主句是以who, which引导的特殊疑问句时。
e.g. Who is the man (that) you spoke to just now?
Which is the book that was stolen by him?
8. 先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
e.g. China is no longer the country (that) it used to be.
三、关系副词where, when, why引导的定语从句（在从句中作状语）
1. where表示地点，它引导的定语从句修饰表地点的先行词。
e.g. This is the village where he was born.
c.f. This is the village (that/which) he visited last year.
2. when表示时间，它引导的定语从句修饰表时间的先行词。
e.g. I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League.
c.f. I’ll never forget the day (that/which) we spent together.
3. why表示原因，它引导的定语从句修饰表原因的先行词。
e.g. The reason why he didn’t come yesterday is quite clear.
定语从句专练：
一、单项选择
( ) 1. The number of people lost homes reached as many as 250,000.
A. which B. who C. whom D. /
( ) 2. This is the most beautiful part I have visited.
A. which; ever B. that; never C. which; yet D. that; ever
( ) 3. My necklace is not the only thing is missing.
A. that B. which C. what D. /
( ) 4. We’re talking about Tonny, you met yesterday.
A. with who B. whom C. which D. that
( ) 5. Is this the very museum some Japanese visitors visited last Wednesday?
A. one B. where C. that D. which
( ) 6. The book cover is red is Tom’s.
A. which B. that C. / D. whose
( ) 7. The place I grew up is a beautiful town.
A. which B. that C. where D. from which
( ) 8. I don’t think the number of people this happens is very large.
A. who B. to which C. that D. to whom
( ) 9. Do you still remember one evening a week ago I came to your room and borrowed a dictionary?
A. before B. which C. when D. as
( )10. Is that the novel about they talked in class yesterday?
A. which B. that C. who D. /
二、找错并改正。
1. The village which my friends live is very far away.
2. I really can’t believe people who talk many but do little.
3. The pen with that I’m writing was given by a friend of mine.
4. He lives in the house which window faces south.
5. The student with that you talked is from Shanghai.
Ⅹ 英语初三复合句
两道题原因是一样的：where是关系副词，是不能在引导的定语从句中充当主语的，只能充当地点状语。而显然两道题中的定语从句都缺了主语，所以只能选关系代词which。