初中英语并列复合句
A. 英语各大复合句
不知道你现在是什么阶段,初中还是高中.
通常讲写作的时候,会提到高级句型和版高级结构,但高级结构包含据我的权理解,也有平时改卷时的总结,有以下的:
介词结构,非谓语,倒装句,省略句,虚拟语气等
而你所说的复合句,应该指的是相对简单的:定语从句,名词性从句,状语从句等.
象定语从句在写作中不算作高级结构,只能说比通篇的简单句要好一些.
如果你真要提高的话,可以发短信给我.我给你我的QQ号,你有问题可以问问我.最近学生小高考所以我们时间相对多一些.
当然如果你的问题相对简单,可以到中学学科网的英语教与学来,我是那儿的版主,同时那儿也有很多热心老师和学生回答问题的.
祝你成功^_^
P.S.最重要的应该是非谓语了,看那么多年高考题考了那么多非谓语就知道了.
B. 英语中并列句,复合句,并列复合句的定义
一、并列句
由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子叫作并列句。
二、复合句
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫作复合句。从句需由关联词引导。初中英语教材主要涉及的复合句有状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句。
三、并列
两个或者以上的子句之间是并列关系,在这个句子当中,只有一个主语,那就是“a
number
of
important
authors”,也就是只有一套主谓结构,也就是只有一个子句,所以这个句子是主从复合句。
比如,I
am
a
teacher
and
love
gym. 这是一个主谓结构,只有一个主语,这就是主从复合句;但是,I
am
a
teacher
and
I
love
gym. 这是两套主谓结构,连接词“and”前后有两个主语,,所以这个句子才是并列复合句。
(2)初中英语并列复合句扩展阅读
并列句常见分类:
1、表示同等、平行或承接关系,常用连词and,both.
.
.
and,not
only.
.
.
but
also.
.
. ,neither.
.
.
nor.
.
. ,as
well
as等。
2、表示转折关系,常用连词but,yet(然而),
however(然而),
while(而)等。
3、表示选择关系,常见连词or,not.
.
.
but(不是……而是……),
either.
.
.
or.
.
.
(要么……要么……)等。
4、表示因果关系,常见连词because,
as,for(因为),
so等。
参考资料来源:网络-并列句
参考资料来源:网络-复合句
C. 中考英语同义句词组
take care of=look after
take a message=leave a message
think about=think of
teach oneself=learn all by oneself
turn off=turn down
turn right at the…crossing=take the …turning on the right
walk on=go on
walk along=go along
at school=in the school
Alot of=lots of
a lot=very much
a quarter past two=two fifteen
at times=sometimes
at last=in the end=finally
a bit=a little=a few
a moment ago=just now
at once=right now
at noon=in the middle of a day
at that moment=at that time=just then
at the moment=at the same time
at the doctor’s=in the doctor’s office
all over the world=across the world=around the world=in the world
a moment later=later on
after a while=a moment later
all the same=all the time
as soon as possible=as quick as possible
in line=in a queue
in the southern part of=in the south of
in the day=In the daytime
much of China=many places of China
more than=over
no longer=not…any longer=no more=not any more
not far from=near to
North China=the north of China
of course=certainly
plenty of=quite a few=a lot of=lots of=large number of=a great many of=a good deal of
希望能帮到你***
D. 〔高分求解〕初中英语选择题
1.C在不知道性别而且重点不在性别上的时候用,再说了问句里都是用that,当然回答里不用有性别的
意思:
门口的是谁啊?
邮递员。
2.C girls也是students的一部分,some are...,others are...固定搭配
意思:
一班有44名学生,19个男同学,剩下的就是女同学(真废话,剩下的难道还有其他性别迈- -)
3.B the+序数词是说第几个怎样怎样 a和third这里都是修饰try
意思:
我要开始第三词尝试了。
4.D 根据意思咯
意思:
吉米想当个画家,在他作画前通常尝试很多方法。
5.C much只能修饰不可数名词,many修饰可数名词,只有c搭配正确
意思:
你要尽可能多的举例子来支持你的观点。
6.A 修饰比较级,固定搭配
意思:
他染上的病很难治愈。
我知道,他现在好些了吗?
7.D 跟6题意思差不多,这里是拿自己跟lily做个比较,要用比较级
意思:
lily400米跑发挥的不好,你呢?
我更逊。
8.B writte是动词嘛,要用副词来修饰,所以用carefully
意思:
尽量仔细的答题,争取不出错误。
9.B 首先当然要用过去时,“告诉过我”这动作发生在过去的过去(不知道你听得懂不),用过去完成时
意思:
南希没来参加晚会。
但是她告诉过我她会来的。
10.B 如果是happend to 的话就选A,at后面接一个地点,B答案名字后加s表示他的家
意思:
布朗先生家出了什么事?
11.B 主句用将来时,从句用现在时,本来用get也可以,但是C答案后半部分错了
意思:
当你习惯这里的天气后,你会喜欢上这地方的
12.D 倒装,主语是maths teacher,第三称单数
意思:
看,我们数学老师来了。
13.B 跟11题一样,主句用现在时,从句用将来时
意思:
越来越多的人意识到我们将没有干净的饮水了除非尽快采取些措施。
14.B 固定搭配
意思:
那边那女孩是谁?
她叫琼。
15.D 根据意思选择
意思:
固体可以变成气体,但必须加热到沸点。
16.A 还是根据意思选择
意思:
尽管我们星期三不需要上这节课,你也不能缺堂。
17.A 不定式作表语
意思:
吉姆在农场上干什么?
他的工作是饲养动物。
18.意思:我们去看电影吧,好吗?
肯定:Yes, we shall
否定:No,we won't
19.和18一样啦
肯定:yes, I will
否定:no, i won't.
20你想知道反义疑问的什么啊?给你举几个例子吧
He is not handsome,is he?提出反问的点就是not否定的部分啦,比如这句是is not,反义就is he.如果是He likes reading,这里就是对do提出反问,就使用dosen't he?
不好讲,想问什么关于反义疑问句的直接HI我嘛
E. 初中英语所有的同义句
这样的内容很难找,下面是我通过比较后,最完整的一篇:
中考英语同义句变换的九种类型
同义句转换题是近几年中考英语的一个常考题型,其出题形式通常是同时给出两个句子,第一句完整,第二句中设有几处空格,要求考生填入适当的词或词组,使第二句的意思与第一句意思相同。它综合考查考生的语法、词汇、短语或习惯用语和句型结构等知识,要求运用所学的词汇、语法知识和句型结构填写句子,使句子结构完整、逻辑合理、语法知识无误、意思与所给句子相同。通过对近几年的中考英语试题中同义句转换题的分析,我们发现中考英语同义句转换题主要考查以下几个方面:
一、运用同义词(组)进行转换
用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换,注意转换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。如:
1. That day we could see flowers here and there.
That day we could see flowers _______.
分析:答案为everywhere。everywhere与here and there都表示“到处”。
2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school.
The teacher always _______ _______ the children well in the school.
分析:答案为looks after。take good care of 与look after…well都表示“好好照顾”。
3. Some of us are good at telling stories.
Some of us ________ ________ in telling stories.
分析:答案为do well。be good at与do well in都可表示“在……(方面)做得好或擅长于”。
二、运用反义词(组)的否定式进行转换
即用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思,主要考查学生对反义词、词组的积累和换位思维的能力。如:
1. It’s clear that this visit is different from last time.
It’s clear that this visit is not the ______ ______ last time.
分析:答案为same as。be different from 意为“与……不同”;the same as意为“与……相同”,其否定式与be different from 同义。
2. I think wealth is less important than health.
I _______ think wealth is _______ important than health.
分析:答案为don’t, more。less important的意思是“没有(不及)……重要”;more important的意思是“(比)……更重要”,该结构与not连用,则表示“不比……更重要”。
另外,有的反义词即使不与否定词连用,而只需改变句子结构也可构成同义句。如:
He lent some money to his friend.
His friend _______ some money _______ him.
分析:答案为borrowed, from。borrow…from意为“向……借……”;lend…to意为“把……借给……”。两个结构意思相反,但若变换“借出者”与“借入者”的位置,则可转换为同义句。
三、运用不同语态进行转换
即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词,但此时要特别注意时态、情态动词一致性。如:
1. Everyone should give back his library books on time.
Library books should _______ _______ _______ on time.
分析:答案为be given back。被动句中含有情态动词should,因此助动词用be。
2. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.
Computers ________ widely ________ in the world today.
分析:答案为are, used。computers是复数名词,助动词用are。
四、非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换
即非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换,此时往往会涉及时态的变化。如:
1. The manager left two hours ago.
The manager _______ _______ _______ for two hours.
分析:答案为 has been away。leave为非延续性动词,不能与for two hours 这样的一段时间连用,而改成 be away这样的延续性动词后,则连用一般时间。
2. The film began five minutes ago.
The film has been _______ _______ five minutes.
分析:答案为on for。 has been提示时态是现在完成时态,“for+时间段”表示“持续(一段时间)”,常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。
3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago.
Mr Li _______ _______ _______ the Party for twenty years.
答案:has been in。短暂动词join,意为“参加,加入(组织,政党)”,不能与延续时间状语连用,与延续性时间状语连用时,将join 改成be in 或be a member in…。
五、运用不同引语进行转换
即将直接引语变为间接引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语。此时还要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等的相应变化。如:
1. “I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ ______ his wallet.
分析:答案为told, had, found。此题为将直接引语转换成间接引语。
2. “Did you see her last week?” he said.
He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.
分析:答案为asked, if / whether, before。此题是将疑问句的直接引语转换成间接引语。
3. He asked me where I had been these days.
“Where ______ ______ ______ these days?” he asked.
分析:答案为have, you, been。此题是将间接引语转换成直接引语。
六、运用简单句与复合句之间的转换
即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。如:
1. We didn't go out for a walk because it was raining.
We didn't go out for a walk _______ _______ the rain.
分析:答案为because of。将原因状语从句because it was raining改为表示原因的介词短语 because of the rain。
2. He was so excited that he couldn't go to sleep.
He was _______ _______ _______ go to sleep.
分析:答案为too excited to。将so…that…换成too…to…结构,原句的that从句为结果状语从句,改写句中的不定式仍表结果。
3. Now I will show you how to do the work.
Now I will show you ______ _______ _______ do the work.
分析:答案为how you can。即将原句中的“疑问词+不定式”结构转换成宾语从句。
4. You should put them back after you use them.
You should put them back _______ _______ them.
分析:答案为after using。即将after引导的状语从句改写为after引导的介词短语。
5. She seems to be worried now.
_______ _______ that she _______worried now.
分析:答案为It, seems, is。复合句 It seems / seemed that sb…与简单句sb. seems / seemed to …同义,均表示“某人看起来……”。
七、运用并列句与复合句之间的转换
即将并列句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的并列句。如:
1. Come on, or we’ll miss the early bus.
_______ we _______ hurry, we’ll miss the early bus.
分析:答案为 If, don’ t。if 引导条件状语从句。
2. The man gave us a talk last week. Now he will give us another talk this week.
The man ______ gave us a talk last week _____ _____ us another talk this week.
分析:答案为who / that, will, give。who / that gave us a talk last week为定语从句,修饰先行词the man。(from zkenglish.com)
八、运用关联连词连接或合并句子
即运用关联连词both...and,neither... nor,either...or, not only...but also,等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。此时要注意的是,both…and…连接两个主语时,谓语总是用复数,而neither... nor,either...or,not only... but also连接两个主语时,谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。如:
1. Tom can’t speak Japanese well and Jim can’t, either.
______ Tom ______ Jim can speak Japanese well.
分析:答案填Neither, nor。neither…nor…表示“……和……(两者)都不”,刚好与原句的两个否定结构的意思相吻合。(www.zkenglish.com)
2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.
_______ Alice _______ Peter have read the book.
分析:答案为Both, and。both…and…的意思是“……和……(两者)都”。
3. This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes.
This store sells ______ ______ men’s shoes _____ _____ men’s clothes.
分析:答案为not, only, but, also。表示“不仅……而且……”之意。
九、利用某些典型句式或结构进行转换
这类典型结构如so…that…, too…to…, enough to, not…until…, so do I等。如:
1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.
Jim wants to go boating, and ________ ________ his parents.
分析:答案为so do。句意为“……他的父母也一样(一样想去)”。
2. John went to bed after he finished his homework.
John_____ go to bed ____ he finished his homework.
分析:答案为didn’t, until。not…until意为“直到……才”。
F. 求初中英语各类从句的用法
英语的复合句包括并列句和主从句两种。其中并列句是两句地位完全相同的简单句用表示并列关系的连词连接而成(例如and,or等)。主从句虽然有两套主谓结构,但是其中一套是主要的,称为主句,另一套只是充当主句的某个成分,称为从句。英语从句分为宾语从句,定语从句,状语从句,主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句6种。
宾语从句和表语从句
宾语从句和表语从句是从句中较为简单的一种。这两种从句是以句子的形式代替了主句中的宾语或表语,也就是直接占据了谓语后宾语或表语的位置,比较明显。引导宾语从句或表语从句的引导词最常用的是that,以及关系代词what,which,who(whom),关系副词when,where,how,whether。
由于主从复合句中有两套主谓结构,因而要注意时态的搭配。时态搭配的原则是从句服从主句,但是可以根据情况灵活配置,不过主从句之间不出现时段断层。因而一般常见的配置组合为:
主句 现在时 过去时 将来时
从句 现在时,过去时,将来时 过去的时态 一般现在时
注:当从句的内容是客观真理时,无论主句是什么时态,从句永远用一般现在时,例:The teacher told the students that the light travels faster than the sound in the air.
定语从句
定语从句是从句充当定语的用法,引导词与时态搭配的规则与宾语从句相同。定语从句与宾语从句区分的要点是宾语从句充当主句的宾语,占据了主句中宾语的位置,而定语从句的主句结构完整,定语从句在引导词的引导下跟在被修饰的主句的主语或宾语(表语)之后,起修饰作用,而被修饰的词语称为先行词。例如:
①People don’t know who runs in the morning in the park everyday.人们不知道是谁每天早晨在公园里跑步。
②People don’t know the man who runs in the morning in the park everyday.人们不知道那个每天早晨在公园里跑步的人是谁。
在②中,主句部分People don’t know the man句子结构是完整的,the man是被从句修饰的成分,即先行词。
注意,that是引导短语从句的引导词中最灵活而且用法最多的,通常可以代替所有关系代词(which,what,who,whom),而且有几种情况必须使用that:A.先行词是不定代词时;B.先行词受形容词最高级修饰时;C.当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时D.当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时;E.当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时;F.当先行词既包含人又包含物时当先行词是疑问代词who,which,what或主句以这些词开头时;G.当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。
以下两种情况一般只使用which:在“介词+关系代词”结构中先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时。
当先行词为时间,地点或方式名词时,就有是使用关系代词和关系副词的问题了。原则非常简单:如果从句主谓宾结构完整,就使用关系副词;如果从句主谓宾结构不完整,使用关系代词。例如:
①This is the place where they met each other for the first time.
这是他们第一次见面的地方。
②This is the place that they will never forgrt.
这是他们永远不会忘记的地方。
在①中,从句部分的主谓宾结构是完整的,因而主句中的“place”充当了从句的地点状语,所以使用了关系副词where;在②中从句中没有宾语,因而主句中的“place” 充当了从句的宾语,所以使用了关系代词that。
注意定语从句中有一类非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
状语从句
状语从句的种类最多,知识点比较零散,归纳之后有以下几种:
时间状语从句
引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since, till, until, the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day, the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than,hardly …when, scarcely … when
例:
I didn't realize how special my father was until I was 18.
While Tom was watching TV, his wife was reading.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Every time I take your advice, I get into trouble.
地点状语从句
引导词:where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should bring the mp3 player with you.
原因状语从句
引导词:because, since, as, since, seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, in as much as, in so much as
Now that everybody has come, let's begin our clas.
Considering that he is no more than 10 years old, his height of 1.60 m is not normal.
目的状语从句
引导词:so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that, in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked his secretary to give him the letter so that he could send it out himself.
The instructor raised his voice that the students at the back could hear more clearly.
结果状语从句
引导词:so … that, so… that, such … that, such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first train.
It's such a good chance that we must not miss it.
条件状语从句
引导词:if, unless, as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall call off the meeting.
让步状语从句
引导词:though, although, even if, even though, as(用在让步状语从句中 必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of ,the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever,whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can't agree to his proposal.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
比较状语从句
引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较), 特殊引导词:the more … the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,犹如油之于机器。
方式状语从句
引导词:as, as if, how, the way
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
应当注意的知识点有:
引导时间状语从句的连词
主要有when, while, as, by the time, before, after, since, till/until, as soon as等。其中when、while和as都可表示"当……时候",但用法有区别:
1) when意为"在……时;当……时",可表示"点时间"或"段时间",从句谓语可以 是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词。例如: When I got home, he was having supper.
2) as意为"边……边……"或"与……同时",重在表示两个动作同时发生、伴随进行。as从句是终止性动词时,主句通常也必须是终止性动词。例如: They sang as they danced.
3) while只可表示"段时间",从句谓语只限于延续性动词。例如: While I was sleeping, my father came in.
引导原因状语从句的连词
原因状语从句一般由because, since, as, for引导. 注意as, because, since 和for的区别:
1) 如果原因是构成句子的最主要部分, 一般用because。because引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。例如: I missed the train because I got up late.
注:对于以why开头的问句, 一般只能用because引导的从句来回答。
2) 如果原因已为人们所知, 或不如句子的其余部分重要, 就用as或since、since 比as稍微正式一些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如:
As he was not well,I decided to go there without him.
Since this method doesn't work, let's try another.
3) for表示所说的理由是一种补充说明,因此,for引导的从句可以放在括号里,而
且for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。例如: I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry.
引导结果状语从句的连词
主要有so/such…that…,so that等。
1) so...that结构在某种情况下可以与enough to和too...to结构相互转换。例如:
She is so short that she can't reach the buttons of the lift.
=She is too short to reach the buttons of the lift.
2)so that也可以引导结果状语从句,意为"结果是;以致于"。例如: They missed the bus so that they were late for class.
注:so that也可引导目的状语从句, 此时可用to或in order to替换, 将其改为简单句。
例如: He got up early so that he could get to school on time.
=He got up early to get to school on time.
=In order to get to school on time,he got up early .
主语从句
主语从句主要有三类:
由连词that引导的主语从句。 例如:That you will win the medal seems unlikely.
你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。
用连接代词which或连接副词if, whether 引导的主语从句。 例如:
Which of them escaped from the prison is still a mystery.
他们哪一个是从监狱里逃跑的,仍然是个谜。
When they will come hasn’t been made pubic.
他们什么时候来还不知道。
Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
她来不来都无关紧要。
用关系代词(what,whatever,who,whoerver)引导的主语从句。
主语从句可以直接放在主语位置上,也可以用it作形式主语, 而将从句放在句末(尤其是当谓语较短时)。
当what引导的主语从句表示“…的东西”时,一般不用it作形式主语。
错:It is a book what he wants.
对:What he wants is a book. 他想要的是本书。
如果带主语从句的句子是疑问式,则必须用it作形式主语的结构。
例如:Has it been settled who will be sent to carry out the task ?
谁将被派去执行这项任务决定了吗 ?
固定用法:It is +名词+从句;It is +形容词+从句;It is +过去分词+从句;It +不及物动词+从句(当“及物动词 + 宾语”较短时,也可用这种结构);It +某些固定结构+ 主语从句。
同位语从句
在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如: I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等。
英语中引导同位语从句的词有连词 that,whether,连接副词 how,when,where等。(注:if,which 不能引导同位语从句。)如:I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。
有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。如:The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
这是我教学中总结的,学生们反映还不错,有什么不明白的再问我。
G. 在英语中复合句的定义是什么
在初中范围复合句中主要有状语从句和宾语从句(名词性从句)两种,我们首先来看宾语从句内。 ①在及物动容词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语,如: I knew the man, 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语,如: I knew that he was a good man
H. 初中重要英语语法是那些
初中英语语法主要内容有哪些?
1、名词
1可数名词及其单复数;
2不可数名词
3专有名词
4名词所有格
2、代词
1人称代词
2物主代词
3反身代词
4指示代词
5不定代词
6疑问代词
3、数词
1基数词
2序数词
4、介词和介词短语
5、连词
6、形容词
1形容词的基本用法
2形容词的比较级和最高级
7、副词
1副词的基本用法
2副词的比较级和最高级
8、冠词
9、动词
1动词的基本形式
2系动词
3及物动词和不及物动词
4助动词
5情态动词
10、时态
1一般现在时
2一般过去时
3一般将来时
4现在进行时
5现在完成时
6过去进行时
7过去完成时
11、被动语态
12、动词不定式
13、构词法
1合成法
2派生法
3转化法
4缩写和简写
14、句子的种类
1陈述句(肯定式和否定式)
2疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句)
3祈使句
4感叹句
15、句子成分
1主语
2谓语
3表语
4宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)
5补语
6定语
7状语
16、简单句基本句型
1主语+系动词+表语
2主语+不及物动词
3主语+及物动词+宾语
4主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
5主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
6there be句型
17、并列复合句
18、主从复合句
1宾语从句
2状语从句
3定语从句
19、直接引语与间接引语
英语的时态(tense)是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。
下面就英语中常见的八种基本时态进行阐述,其它的时态都是在这八种时态的基础上结合而成的。
一、 一般现在时:
1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要加(e)S)
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
6.例句:. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
二、 一般过去时:
1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词
4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
三、 现在进行时:
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
6.例句: How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 过去进行时:
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构:was/were+doing
4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 现在完成时:
1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构:have/has + done
4.否定形式:have/has + not +d one.
5.一般疑问句:have或has。
6.例句:I've written an article.
It has been raining these days.
六、 过去完成时:
1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构:had + done.
4.否定形式:had + not + done.
5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。
6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
七、 一般将来时:
1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.
4.否定形式:was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
八、 过去将来时:
1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构:was/were/going to + do;would/should + do.
4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there