初中英语时态及讲解
❶ 求初中英语的全部时态、语法要详解!!!!
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❷ 人教版初中英语八大时态详解
英语的时态(tense)是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。
下面就英语中常见的八种基本时态进行阐述,其它的时态都是在这八种时态的基础上结合而成的。
一、 一般现在时:
1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month...), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要加(e)S)
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,通常还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
6.例句:It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
二、 一般过去时:
1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词
4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
三、 现在进行时:
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
6.例句:How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 过去进行时:
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构:was/were+doing
4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 现在完成时:
1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构:have/has + done
4.否定形式:have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑问句:have或has提前
6.例句:I've written an article.
It has been raining these days.
六、 过去完成时:
1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构:had + done.
4.否定形式:had + not + done.
5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。
6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
七、 一般将来时:
1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.
4.否定形式:was/were + not; 在行为动词前加won't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
八、 过去将来时:
1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构:was/were/going to do;would/should + do.
4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .
❸ 初中英语的八种时态详解
过去将来时 过去进行时 过去完成时 一般现在时 I)被动语态的概念 语态也是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态People .被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,. (II)被动语态的构成 被动语态的形式是由“助动词be动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称,数,时态和语气的不同而变化。各种时态的被动语态形式如下: 1. 注:Get+过去分词也可以构成被动语态,用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。如: the man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。 )被动语态的几种句型 1.将主动语态中的宾语转换成被动语态的主语。 2.将主动语态中的动词改为“be+V(p.p)” 3.原来主动语态中的主语,如果需要,放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现,如没必要,可以省略。 4.主动语态中的其他句子成分不变。 由于主动语态结构的不同,因而转换成被动语态的方式也各有不同,现分类说明如下: a.由及物动词形成的被动语态: (1)S+V+O 主语+动词+宾语语法学习纲要由江苏省靖江高级中学外语组为英语猫网站编写 People grow rice in the south. Rice is grown in the south. 注:带有宾语从句的句子转换成被动语态时,需要将宾语从句变为主语从句,通常用形式主语来代替,而将主语从句后置。 They said that he would come back soon. It was said that he would come back soon.类似的还有: It is reported / believed /hoped /supposed that …… (2)S+V+O+C 主语+动词+宾语+宾补 We elected Li Ming monitor of our class. Li Ming was elected monitor of our class. 注:在主动结构中跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补变为被动结构时应加上to作主语补足语。 奴隶们被奴隶主强迫整日整夜工作。Slave-owners made slaves work all day and all night. Slaves were made to work all day and all night by slave-owners. (3)S+V+Oi+Od 主语+动词+间宾+直宾 语法学习纲要由江苏省靖江高级中学外语组为英语猫网站编写 昨天他给了我一件漂亮的生日卡。He gave me a beautiful birthday card yesterday. I was given a beautiful birthday card yesterday. A beautiful birthday card was given to me yesterday. 注:用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时,通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词。如:to, for, of等,以加强间接宾语的语气。 b.由动词短语形成的被动语态: 一般情况下,只有及物动词才能跟宾语,而不及物动词不能跟宾语,所以只有及物动词才有被动语态,不及物动词则没有被动语态。但有些不及物动词后面跟上介词或副词后,变成一个动词短语,相当于一个及物动词,就可以形成被动语态。 约翰打开了收音机。John turned on the radio. The radio was turned on. . 注:千万不要遗漏介词或副词。 c.祈使句的被动语态通常借助let句式 请把窗户关上。Please close the window. Let the window be closed. (IV)被动语态的使用时机 语法学习纲要由江苏省中学外语组为英语猫网站编写 被动语态的使用往往不是任意的,而是按照表达思想,描述事物的需要,通常在下列情况下使用被动语态。 1.不知道或不必说出动作的执行者。 这本书已被翻译成许多种语言。This book has been translated into many languages. 2.动作的对象是谈话的中心。 我们家乡将建一条新铁路。A new railway will be built in our hometown. 3.修辞的需要,为了使句子更加简练匀称: 他出现在舞台上受到了观众的热烈欢迎。He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 被动语态便于论述客观事实,故常用于科技文章,新闻报道,书刊介绍及景物描写。 【特别提醒】 有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但改为被动结构后要加上“to”。例如 We heard him sing in his room just now. ---He was heard to sing in his room just now. 刚才听到他在房间中唱歌。 一、 被动语态的用法: 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. I am asked to study hard by my mother. Knives are used for cutting things. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year. 5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being planted over there by them. 7. 不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. → There are twenty more trees to be planted. 二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态? 把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤: 1. 先找出谓语动词; 2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语; 3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语; 4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。 例:1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week. 2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far. 4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now. 6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.
❹ 初中英语八大时态
初中英语中的八个基本时态,即:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过回去将来答时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时。
时态是一种动词形式,表示经常、反复发生的动作或行为,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。在语法里,时或时态表示行为发生的时间和说话时的关系。一般分为过去式、现在式、将来式,通常也有与表示动作进行或终止的进行式和完成式等体貌一起相连用的情况。
(4)初中英语时态及讲解扩展阅读
一般过去时与现在完成时的转换:
在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用。
一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work(在工作),at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。
现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go,come,leave,start,arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。
❺ 求文档: 初中英语时态讲解
一、动词时态
英语的动词在表示不同时间里发生的行为或存在的状态时,要用不同的形式来表示。英语的时态从时间上来看,可分为“现在”,“过去”,“将来“和”过去将来“四大类。动词共有十六种不同时态,但常用的时态有八种。
(一) 一般现在时
一般现在时表示经常发生的动作(习惯性的动作)或存在的状态,句中常用always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day等时间状语。
例如:
1) He goes to school at seven o’clock every day.
2) The sun rises in the east.
(二) 一般过去时
一般过去时主要用于表示过去的动作、行为或状态,句中常有yesterday, ago, in 1989, once, last week (month, year), at that time, just now 等时间状语。
例如:
1) He was born in 1989.
2) I used to play football when I was young.
(三)一般将来时
英语动词表示将来时间有多种形式,其共同特点是句中常有表示将来时间的状语,如:tomorrow, next week, in a week等
例如:
1) We will visit the science museum next week.
2) We are going to discuss the problem tomorrow.
(四)现在进行时
现在进行时表示现在时刻正在进行的动作或表示现阶段正在做的事情,句中常与now, at this moment等时间状语连用。
例如:
1) The boy is playing video games.
2) His father is writing a novel these days.
(五)现在完成时
现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态,或还要延续下去,句中常用since, for, yet, already等表示一段时间的状语。
例如:
1) Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.
2) He has been in this factory for five years.
(六)过去进行时
过去进行时表示在过去某个时候正在进行的动作或过去某个阶段正在做的事情。
例如:
1) He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.
2) When I came in, they were having supper.
(七)过去完成时
表示在过去某个时刻前已经发生的动作或状态,或者从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态。
例如:
1) By the end of last year, we had learned more than 2,000 English words.
2) My teacher had taught in that school for ten years before she came here.
(八)过去将来时
过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态,这种时态常用于宾语从句当中,主句中的谓语动词一般是过去时。
例如:
1) He said that he would study harder than before.
2) He didn’t tell me when he would go.
二、被动语态
(一)被动语态的构成
英语动词的被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be必须与主语的人称和数保持一致,并有时态的变化。例如:
The man was fooled by the two boys.
The book has been translated into several languages.
(二)被动语态的用法
(1)动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。例如:
Street lights are often turned on at six in winter.
The new test book will be used next term.
(2)当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时,要用被动语态。例如:
This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.
The thief was caught by a policeman yesterday.
(3)含有双宾语的句子,主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的主语,另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语,间接宾语前则需加介词to 或for。
例如:The pianist gave the pupils some advice.
间接宾语 直接宾语
→The pupils were given some advice by the pianist.
→Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.
(4)在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语,动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。
例如:The boss made them work ten hours a day.
→They were made to work ten hours a day by the boss.
A boy saw him enter the house.
→He was seen to enter the house.
(三)被动语态的时态
(1) 一般现在时
构成:助动词am/ is/are + 动词的过去分词
例如:This kind of car is made in Shanghai.
English is spoken in many countries.
(2) 一般过去时
构成:助动词was/were + 动词的过去分词
例如:The bridge was built in 1992.
Was this novel written by his father?
(3) 一般将来时
构成:will be 或be going to + be + 动词的过去分词
例如:These books are going to be posted tomorrow.
The baby will be taken good care of in the hospital.
(4) 现在完成时
构成:助动词have/has + been + 动词的过去分词
例如:Has his work been finished?
We haven’t been invited to the party.
(5) 现在进行时
构成:be + being + 动词的过去分词
例如:A new bridge is being built in my hometown.
The problem is being discussed by the students.
补充说明:带有情态动词的被动语态
构成:情态动词 + be + 动词的过去分词
例如:Can this walkman be repaired here?
Your composition must be handed in tomorrow.
❻ 初中英语八大时态讲解
1. 一般现在时表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。①一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语:often, usually, sometimes, always, every (day等), once/twice, a (week等), on (Sunday等), never, in the (morning等)。如:They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意)②表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如:The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快)③ 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。如:The train for Haikou leaves at 8:00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午8点开车)④ 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。如:Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家)⑤ 一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如:Here comes the bus. (车来了) / There goes the bell.(铃响了)。⑥ 一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.⑦ 人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词有:like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(认为),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如:I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在这儿)2. 一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。①表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有:at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引导的时间状语从句。如:I got up at 6:00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小汤姆今天早上九点半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走进房间时发现一个陌生人正和他父亲谈话)②表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有:yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等),in the past。如:He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市)③表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有:last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如:Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.④讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。如:I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)3. 一般将来时 表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。①一般将来时的时间状语有:tomorrow,this (afternoon), next (year), one day, now, soon, someday, sometime, in the future, when引导的从句等。②用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will” 用于所有人称。如:I will graate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了)③“am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情。It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)④表示一个人临时决定要做某事,可以用will表达。如:I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化学药剂). So please wait until I return.(我要到化学实验室去取些药品,请等我回头)⑤现在进行时、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(见相应时态)⑥shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。如:Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗?)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗?)4. 现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生此刻不一定在进行的动作。①现在进行时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。②现在进行时的时间状语有: now, this …, these…等,但经常不用。如:What are you doing up in the tree?(你在树上干什么?)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说)③表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有:come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如:I’m coming now.(我就来)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么?)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了)④表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如:He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借钱,过一些时候就忘得一干二净)5. 过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。①过去进行时由“was(第一、三人称单数)或were(第二人称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词”构成。②过去进行时的时间状语有:then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的时间状语从句。如:He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩具)③用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间状语。如:She saw it happen when she was walking past.(她路过时看到事情的发生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他们在黑暗的森林里走时唱了很多歌)④也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如:He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在这里时老向我借钱)6. 现在完成时 现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。①在完成时由“助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成。②表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有:already, yet, just, once, twice, ever, never, three times, before, in the past+一段时间等。如:I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画)/ He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国)③表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时,时间状语有:for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。如:I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我离开家乡有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自从这家工厂开张,王叔叔一直在那儿工作)④口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如:They have got thousands of books in their library.(他们图书馆有上万本书)⑤have been to与have gone to的区别:have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。如:--Where is Mr. Li? –He has gone to the UK. (李先生在哪里?他去了英国。)/ --Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes, I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情况吗?是的,我去过那里三次。)⑥在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用, 此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。或者使用下面这个句型:It is/ has been + (多久)+ since +主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语[注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是:瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。如:How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久?)(句子中keep取代了borrow)8. 过去完成时 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之, 过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。①过去完成时由“助动词had+动词的过去分词”构成。②过去完成时时间状语有:by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when, before等引出状语从句。有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语,也会有for… 或since…构成的时间状语。如:They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(当老师来的时候他们已经打扫完了教室)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他发觉那个妇女是个骗子时她已经走掉了)③过去完成时常用于宾语从句中、after引导的从句中,或者从句是before引导的主句中。如:After I had put on my shoes and hat, I walked into the darkness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走进了黑暗之中)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他说他以前从来没有见过袋鼠)8. 过去将来时 过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态。①过去将来时由“助动词should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)+动词原形”构成。在美国英语中,过去将来时的助动词一律用“would +动词原形”。②过去将来时常由于宾语从句中,时间状语有:later, soon, the next (day).③在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中不可以使用过去将来时,而应该使用一般过去时。如:He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.(他答应付给我许多钱如果我帮助他搞那个项目)/ Every time when he was free, he would sit down and read some books.(每次只要他有空他就会坐下来看看书)④表示纯粹的将来时用would或should,表示打算或主观认为的事情用was/were going to (+动词原形)。如:She told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告诉我她下个月就18岁了)/ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告诉我她打算带她的宠物狗去散步)⑤过去将来时还可以表示一个过去经常性的动作。如:When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨时他会随身带一把雨伞)
❼ 初中英语所有时态,包括解释。
初中常用的有8种时态:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时和过去将来时,其他时态在初中少见
(一)一般现在时的定义:一般现在时是表示现在经常反复发生的动作存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态.
一般现在时的构成:(这是一个简单的表格)
动词 肯定句 否定句
I am... I am not...
be You/We/They are You/We/They are not
He/She/It is He/She /It is not
一般现在时用行为动词的原形,主语是he,she,it这些第三人称单数时,动词要加s或es.
(二)一般过去时的定义:一般过去时是表示过去经常或偶然发生的动作或存在的状态的时态.
一般过去时的构成:
动词 肯定句 否定句
I was... I was not...
be He/She/It was... He/She/It was not...
We/You/They were... We/You/They were not...
一般过去时用动词的过去式动词的过去式一般都加ed,如work worked.结尾是e的只加d,如like liked.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节要双写这个字母再加ed,如stop stopped,以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i再加ed,如study studied.另外还有一些不规则的变化,课本后边的单词表上有注释.
(三)一般将来时的定义:一般将来时是表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态的时态.
一般将来时的构成:
人称 肯定句 否定句
一 I/We will go. I/We will not go.
二 You will go. You will not go.
三 He/She/It/They will go.He/She/They will not go
一般将来时由助动词(will,shall)+动词原形构成,shall主要用于以第一人称(I,We)为主语的疑问句中.
(四)现在进行时的定义:现在进行时是表示在某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作的时态.
现在进行时的构成:
现在进行时由系动词(am,is,are)+现在分词(动词加ing形式)构成.
如I am working.Am I working?I am not working.
(五)过去进行时的定义:过去进行时是表示在过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作时态.
过去进行时的构成:
过去进行时是由系动词的过去式(was were)+现在分词(动词加ing)构成的.
如I was talking,Was I talking?I was not talking.
(六)现在完成时的定义:现在完成时是表示在过去发生但与现在情况有联系的动作或状态的时态.
现在完成时的构成:
现在完成时是由助动词have,has+过去分词构成的,过去分词的变化方法和上述的过去式的方法一样,在此不做详细解释.过去分词也有不规则的.
如You have talked.Have you talked?
(七)过去完成时的定义:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态.
过去完成时的构成:
过去完成时由助动词had(无人称和数的变化)+过去分词构成,其否定句式和疑问句式在结构上与现在完成时一样.
如They /he had read it.Had they/he read it?
(八)过去将来时的定义:过去将来时表示从过去的观点看将来发生的动作或存在的状态.
过去将来是的构成:
过去将来时由助动词would+动词原形构成.
如He said he would come.
❽ 初中英语时态
一般现在时态
1 一般现在时态用来表示经常,反复,习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频率的副词sometimes(有时), often(经常), usually(通常), always(总是)等连用。时间状语in the morning/ afternoon/ evening(在上午/下午/晚上), every day/ week/ month/ year(每天/周/月/年, at noon/night(在中午/夜里), on Monday/Tuesday(在星期一/二)等也可用在一般现在时态中。如:
Bruce usually walks to school. 布鲁斯通常步行去上学。
We have two P.E classes every week. 我们每周上两节体育课。
2 表示现在的特征或状态。如:
She is always ready to help others. 她总是乐于助人。
He is 13 years old. 他13岁了。
3 表示事实或客观真理,或在谚语中,也用一般现在时。如:
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day. 太阳每天东升西落。
When there is a will, there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。
4 一般现在时的基本句型
1)肯定句:① 主语+动词原形+其他 ②主语(第三人称单数)+ 动词-s+ 其他
如:They live in China. 他们住在中国。
He likes eating apples. 他喜欢吃苹果。
2)否定句:① 主语+don’t+ 动词原形+其他
② 主语(第三人称单数)+doesn’t+ 动词原形+其他
如:They don’t live in China. 他们不住在中国。
He doesn’t like eating apples. 他不喜欢吃苹果。
3)一般疑问句:① Do+主语+动词原形+其他?
② Does+主语(第三人称单数)+ 动词原形+其他?
如:Do they live in China? 他们住在中国吗?
Does he like eating apples? 他喜欢吃苹果吗?
【相关链接】
当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词用第三人称的单数形式。谓语动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则如下:
1)一般在动词后直接加s。 如:talk –talks, live –lives。
2)以s, x., ch, sh或o结尾的动词在其后加es。如: watch –watches, wash –washes, go –goes。
3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,把y变成i再加es。如: carry – carries, fly –flies。
4)特殊的,如:have的第三人称单数为has。
【牵手中考】
1. Bob often ______his mother with the housework on Sundays
A. help B. helping C. helps D. helped (桂林)
【解析】 根据题中的时间状语often和on Sundays 可判断该句应用一般现在时态。主语Bob是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词也应为单数加s,故选C。
2. —What did the teacher say just now?
—He said that the earth ________ round the sun. (福州)
A. go B. goes C. went D. will go
【解析】根据句意,老师刚才说的内容是“地球围绕着太阳转”。这是一个客观的真理,所以应该用一般现在时,故选B。
现在进行时态
【展示平台】
1 现在进行时表示此时此刻正在发生的事或正在进行的动作。常和时间状语now, at the moment连用。如:
They are singing at the moment. 他们正在唱歌。
Li Ming is making a report now. 李明现在正在做报告
2 表示现阶段正在发生的动作也用现在进行时来表达,此时常和时间状语these days 连用。
如: We are mending the car these days. 这些日子我们一直在修车。
3 某些瞬间动词如come, leave, arrive, die 等用现在进行时表示将来,即这个动作将要发生。
如:She says she is coming soon. 她说她马上就来。
The match girl is dying. 那个卖火柴的小女孩快要死了。
4 现在进行时态的基本句型
1)肯定句:主语+am/ is/ are + V-ing + 其他。如:
Nancy is reading a book now. 南茜正在读书。
The twins are playing in their bedroom. 那对双胞胎正在卧室里玩。
2)否定句:主语+am/ is/ are + not + 其他。如:
Nancy isn’t reading a book now. 南茜没有正在读书。
The twins aren’t playing in their bedroom. 那对双胞胎没有正在卧室里玩
3)一般疑问句:Am/ Is/ Are+ 主语+ V-ing + 其他?如:
Is Nancy reading a book now? 南茜正在读书吗?
Are the twins playing in their bedroom? 那对双胞胎正在卧室里玩吗?
【相关链接】
1 现在分词(即V-ing形式)的构成
1)一般在动词的后面直接加-ing 。如:listen – listening, look – looking .
2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e加ing. 如:take –taking , make –making .
3)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写这个辅音字母再加ing。如sit –sitting, stop –stopping .
4)特殊的如:lie – lying, die – dying 等。
2 一般现在时和现在进行时的区别
1)一般现在时用以说明客观事实或情况,或用于强调动作的永久性或经常性; 而现在进行时强调动作正在进行,而且这个动作常含有未完成之意。如:
We usually have four classes in the morning. 我上午通常上四节课。
—Why can’t Lily go with me? 丽丽为什么不能和我们一起去呢?
—Because she is doing her homework now. 因为她正在做作业。
2)always用于一般现在时用于说明事实,一般不带有感情色彩;而现在进行时与always(即be always doing sth.)连用,常表示说话人的某种感情,如:赞扬,批评,厌烦等。如:
He always works late.他总是工作到很晚。(表示事实)
He is always working late.他总是工作到很晚。(表示赞扬)
He is always talking big.他老爱说大话。(表示厌烦)
【牵手中考】
1. Look! The boys ________ happily in the river.
A. swim B. swam C. will swim D. are swimming (益阳)
【解析】 由句中look可知,该句翻译成“那些男孩正在河中快乐地游泳”,所以用现在进行时,故选D。
2. ---Can your brother make a model airplane?
---Yes, this week he _______ a new model.
A. builds B. is built C. had built D. is building (广州市)
【解析】 根据句意“他这一周一直在做一个新的飞机模型”,表这段时间一直进行的动作也用现在进行时,故选D。
3. —Shall we invite Tom to play football now?
—Oh, no. He ________ his clothes.
A. is washing B. washes C. has washed (广东省课改实验区)
【解析】 根据对话的内容“我们不能邀请汤姆去踢球时因为他正在洗衣服。”应该用现在进行时,故选A。
一般过去时态
【展示平台】
1 一般过去时态场用来表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间状语有:yesterday(昨天), last night(昨晚), last week(上个星期), four days ago(四天前), in 2002(在2002年), just now(刚才), the day before yesterday(前天)。如:
He went to the park yesterday. 她昨天去了公园。(表示过去某个时间发生的动作)
I was ten years old in 2003. 我2003年才10岁。(表示过去某个时间存在的状态)
2 表示过去习惯性的动作也用一般过去时。此时常和表示频率的副词:always(总是), often(经常), sometimes(有时)等连用。如:
He always went to school early last year. 他去年总是早早上学。
3 表达去世的人所做的事往往也用一般过去时。如:
Ying Zheng was the first king in China. 赢政是中国的第一个皇帝。
4 一般过去时态的构成
1)肯定句:主语+动词的过去式+其他
如:We enjoyed ourselves in the zoo yesterday. 我们昨天在动物园里玩得很高兴。
2)否定句:主语+didn’t +动词原形+其他
如:We didn’t enjoy ourselves in the zoo yesterday. 我们昨天在动物园里玩得不高兴。
3)一般疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形+其他
如:Did you enjoy yourselves in the zoo yesterday? 你们昨天在动物园里玩得高兴吗?
【相关链接】
在一般过去时态中会涉及到动词的过去式,大家要掌握规则动词的过去式的变化规则。变化规则如下:
1)一般情况下,在动词原形后直接ed 。如:play –played , look –looked 。
2)以e结尾的动词在其后加d。如:like –liked, use –used。
3)与辅音字母加y结尾的动词,把y变成i 再加ed。 如:carry – carried, marry - married。
4)以重读闭音节(或r音节)结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写这个辅音字母,再加ed。如: stop –stopped, prefer –preferred。
当然,刚才提到的都是规则动词的构成,我们还学过许多不规则动词的过去式形式。如:put –put, see –saw, eat –ate等,这些可需要我们在课下牢牢记住哟!
【牵手中考】
1.What ______ to her yesterday evening?
A. was happened B. happened C. happening D. happen (甘肃省)
【解析】 该题是考查一般过去时的基本用法。根据句中的时间状语yesterday evening 可知应用一般过去时态,故选B。
2. —Hi, Kate. You look tired. What’s the matter?
—I________ well last night.
A. didn’t sleep B. don’t sleep C. hasn’t slept D. won’t sleep (北京市)
【解析】 根据句意及句中的时间状语last night, 该题考查一般过去时的否定形式。Did 是一般过去时的助动词,用来构成否定句和疑问句,故选A。
3. —When ____ you _____ your old friends?
—The day before yesterday.
A. will; visit B. did; visit C. / ; visit D. have; visited (四川省)
【解析】 根据句意及句中的时间状语The day before yesterday, 该题考查一般过去时的特殊疑问句式,选 B。
一般将来时态
【展示平台】
1 一般将来时常用来表示将要发生的动作或状态。常用的时间状语有: tomorrow(明天), the day after tomorrow(后天), soon(不久), in two weeks(两个星期后), next year(明年)等。如:
She will return to Beijing next week. 她下周将要回到北京。
2 某些瞬间动词如:come, go, arrive, fly 等用在现在进行时态中常表示将来。如:
She says she is coming. 她说她一会儿就到。
3 一般将来时基本句型如下:
1)肯定句:主语+be (am/is/are) + going to + 动词原形+其他
主语+will / shall (常用于第一人称)+ 动词原形+其他
如:We are going to have a football match in six days. 我们六天后将要进行足球比赛。
She will go to Congtai Park tomorrow. 她明天将要去丛台公园。
2) 否定句:主语+be (am/is/are) + not + going to + 动词原形+其他
主语+will / shall (常用于第一人称)+ not + 动词原形+其他
如:We aren't going to have a football match in six days. 我们六天后将不进行足球比赛。
She won't go to Congtai Park tomorrow. 她明天不去丛台公园。
3)一般疑问句:Be (am/is/are) +主语going to + 动词原形+其他?
Will / shall (常用于第一人称) +主语 + 动词原形+其他?
如:Are you going to have a football match in six days? 你们六天后将进行足球比赛吗?
Will she go to Congtai Park tomorrow? 她明天将要去丛台公园吗?
【相关链接】
will / shall 与be going to 的用法区别?
1. shall 常用于以第一人称为主句的问句中,表示建议或询问情况,而在以第二人称做
主语的问句中,常用will表请求。如:
Where shall we meet tomorrow? 我们明天在哪里见面呢?
Will you please open the door? 请把门打开,好吗?
2.be going to + 动词原形表将来时,它表示主观意愿、打算等或根据已有的迹象,可能要发生的情况。如:He is going to learn to swim next month. 他打算下个月去学游泳。
Look at the black clouds! It’s going to rain, I think. 看这乌云,我认为将要下雨了。
【牵手中考】
1. --- Isn’t Jim back yet?
--- No, but I think he _________ in half an hour.
A. returned B. will return C. has returned D. returns (沈阳课改实验区)
【解析】 根据句意,“我”认为基姆在半小时后回来。由句中的时间状语half an hour可知该题应用一般将来时态,故选B。
2. --- There ________ a concert (音乐会) this evening.
--- Yeah! Exciting news! (福州市课改实验区)
A. are going to be B. is going to be C. is going to have D. will have
【解析】 根据句意,说“今天晚上将有一场音乐会”。该句考查there be 句型的一般将来时态,正确答案为B。