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英语介绍英国的大学

发布时间: 2021-02-28 16:06:42

㈠ 用英语介绍一下曼彻斯特大学

Introction to the University of Manchester

Manchester University, founded back in 1851 and granted its royal charter in 1903, is a giant of the north in a great student city. Living and studying here may change your life. There are more than 15,000 undergraates and it attracts more applicants than any other university.

Perhaps this is because of the good mix of arts and sciences that the university provides, as well as access to outstanding facilities, such as the third largest university library in the UK, the Jodrell Bank Science Centre with its radio telescope and 6,000 PCs clustered across the campus. Rutherford split the atom here and, on a pragmatic note, first years are guaranteed university accommodation. The students' union has four bars and two venues for live music, and there are over 100 student societies. All this goes some way to explaining Manchester's popularity.

But one of the university's other assets is the city itself and all that goes on there. Sophisticated but homely, cosmopolitan but northern, you cannot deny Manchester's buzz or its unparalleled music and club scene.

The university feeds off this, counting such glamorous cats as the Chemical Brothers, Sleeper's Louise Wener and MP Nick Brown among its alumni. The last was a stalwart of the Northern Soul scene, always ready with his talcum powder to demonstrate some trouser-splitting new move to awed onlookers.

The final piece of the jigsaw in explaining rainy Manchester's charms are not the figures on burglary or car crime in student areas, but the surveys published yearly announcing that students there have more sex and take more drugs than the rest of the student population of Britain.

大学介绍

大学位于曼彻斯特市市中心。曼彻斯特是英国最生机勃勃和重要的城市之一,也是国际公认的技术、工业和学习中心之一,备受英国本国和海外学生的青睐。在流行文化、尤其是音乐、时装、设计、当然还有足球等方面可与伦敦相媲美。而且,生活费用较低,人们普遍热情、好客,在这两个方面要优于伦敦。该市的中国城之大仅次于伦敦,这里各种风味的地道中国餐馆比比皆是。众所周知,曼城还是世界最有名气的足球队之一-曼联队的故乡!它也是个科技城市。令该市引以自豪的是,这里是世界上许多最重要的技术公司所在地,而且仍然是在世界上确有重要地位的科研中心之一。该市周围是美丽的田园风光,附近有著名的四大天然景区,即皮克高原、柴郡平原、奔宁山脉和兰开厦沼地。

大学历史

该大学成立于1851年,是随着“工业革命”发展起来的首批主要公立大学之一,也是英国比较老的红砖大学之一。曼彻斯特是在英国高等教育领域有着重要作用的城市之一。拜伦卢瑟福就是在这里首先发现了原子裂变现象,而世界第一部现代计算机也是于1948年在这里诞生。曼彻斯特大学教师和学生中的诺贝尔奖获得者多达20人。

学校设施

生气勃勃、紧凑而整洁的中心校园就坐落在市中心地区。所有主要系别、图书馆、学生会和一些宿舍均设在该校园内,而且最近又新建了一个语言教学中心和一个一流的信息技术中心。图书馆藏书三百五十余万卷,是英国的第三大图书馆。所有藏书均可通过公用联机图书目录查询系统进行查阅。

正如您可能预料的那样,曾经发明过计算机的这所高等学府的信息技术设施在英国是无与伦比的!所有学生均可通过遍布全校的6000多个终端免费上网和收发电子邮件,这些终端包括各个系别的计算机网络系统和图书馆内的公用网络系统。曼大计算学,即该大学的信息技术系,是一个闻名于世的信息技术研究中心,可使用户利用各系、全校、全国、甚至国际机构的各种信息服务。大学学生会是全国最大的一个,而且无论是在社交活动还是在政治方面都非常活跃。许多乐队都曾在可容纳1,200名观众、名为学园的俱乐部内进行过演出,这里也是著名的Tropicana俱乐部夜总会之家。学生会大楼内还有3个酒吧和一个咖啡厅。作为一个全国最大的学生会,各种学生俱乐部和会社五花八门,而且所有学生均可参加。该校还有一个一流的学生广播站和办得最好的学生报之一,学生戏剧和表演艺术也享誉整个英国和欧洲。

开设的课程

该大学开设的学士、授课式和研究式硕士课程领域非常广泛,而且标准很高。该校的商科、计算、法律、戏剧与电影、音乐,以及机械工程等许多学科领域的课程质量均居于英国各大学的前10名。

住与食

曼彻斯特大学和曼大理工学院有一个共用膳宿服务系统。所有的外国学生保证可住校至少两年,很快还会承诺在整个三年的学习期间均可住校。大学和学院还通过其膳宿服务系统-“曼彻斯特学生之家”在随后的任何一年为学生寻找较便宜的住所;曼大的学生宿舍设备一流,有厨房、电视室、酒吧间、洗衣房、电话和互联网等设施。该大学的膳宿有三类:

(1)提供饮食和服务的学生宿舍,每学年2,150英镑;

(2)自供饮食的学生宿舍,每学年1,300英镑;

(3)学生公寓套房,每学年约1,000多英镑。

校园生活

大部分学生和年青人都认为曼彻斯特是个好去处!这里的夜生活在英国是无与伦比的,这里有着优于任何其它大学城的俱乐部、酒吧和酒楼。市中心已经整修一新,这里有美术馆、剧院、博物馆和特拉福德古建筑(Old Trafford)、著名的曼联队足球场等等,所有这些使该市成为英国最令人兴奋的城市之一。曼大还有自己的大面积室外体育场以及停船场所、游艇俱乐部、网球场和有壁球设施的室内体育中心、健身中心、壁球场、游泳池、攀登墙、桑拿和日光浴室等等。

㈡ 英国大学2010排名及英文简介

名次 大学 学生满意度 研究质量 声誉
毕业前景
得分

100%
7.0
100.0
100.0
1000

1
牛津大学Oxford University
85
3.5
91.1
82.3
1000

2
剑桥大学Cambridge University
86
3.7
87
85.5
968

3
伦敦大学帝国理工学院 College
of Science,Technology & Medicine
75
2.7
68.5
88.4
859

4
圣安德鲁斯大学University of St Andrews
84
2.5
85.1
77.8
792

5
伦敦大学学院University College London
77
2.7
80.4
82.9
775

6
华威大学University of Warwick
77
2.4
79.7
79.2
772

7
伦敦政治经济学院London School of Economics
and Political Science
73
2.8
76
90.6
768

8
杜伦大学The University of Durham
79
2.5
77.5
78.3
749

9
艾克斯特大学Exeter University
85
2.5
79.4
71.7
723

10
布里斯托大学University of Bristol
74
2.6
81.5
82
722

11
约克大学University of York
79
2.5
74.9
69.4
711

12
伦敦大学国王学院King's College London,
University of London
76
2
72.8
83.2
709

13
巴斯大学The University of Bath
78
2
75.1
81.9
705

14
爱丁堡大学Edinburgh University
74
2.8
80.6
76.9
704

15
莱斯特大学Leicester University
84
1.9
71.6
76.2
693

=15
南安普敦大学Southampton University
78
2
74.6
76.5
693

17
拉夫堡大学Loughborough University
85
2.1
67.7
75.7
691

18
谢菲尔德大学The University of Sheffield
78
2.4
74.5
79.1
684

19
格拉斯哥大学Glasgow University
79
2.2
71.3
75.4
671

20
诺丁汉大学The University of Nottingham
76
2.1
74.3
76.3
668

㈢ 伦敦大学 英文简介

The University of London is unlike many other universities. It consists of 19 self governing Colleges and 10 other smaller specialist research Institutes. In many ways the Colleges are considered universities in their own right: they set their own entrance criteria for their courses and they offer their own services to students. Some now also have their own degree awarding powers. All students from all the Colleges and Institutes are also University of London students, making them part of a community of over 120,000 students and giving them access to many services in London.

㈣ 英国标志性的大学英文介绍有中午翻译

Cambridge (University of Cambridge), referred to Cambridge, is a located in Cambridge, UK's top research universities in the world. Founded in 1209, it is also the world's second oldest
剑桥大学(University of Cambridge),
English university. Cambridge and Oxford collectively referred to as "Oxbridge" (Oxbridge), in addition to the two universities collaborate on culture and reality have become part of British social history, the two universities have long been competing. And often and Oxford universities compete for the best of the UK's reputation.

Cambridge is one of the world's most prominent universities, the federal University College, there are currently 31 colleges, and various academic departments were included in the six main academic college. It is also a member of numerous academic alliances, but also the UK a prestigious Golden Triangle. Which is also the birth of the most Nobel Prize winners of higher learning, a total of 90 Nobel laureates are or have been studying or working in Cambridge.

剑桥大学(University of Cambridge),简称剑桥,是一所位于英国剑桥市的世界顶级研究型大学。始创于1209年,亦是英语世界里第二古老的大学。剑桥大学和牛津大学合称为“牛剑”(Oxbridge),除了两所大学在文化和现实上的协作已成为英国社会史的一部分外,两所大学长久以来一直存在竞争。并经常和牛津大学争夺全英最佳学府的声誉。
剑桥大学为世界上最杰出的大学之一,其为书院联邦制大学,目前共有31所学院,而各个学术部门则被归入六个主要的学术学院里。它也是众多学术联盟的成员之一,也是英国的一所金三角名校。其也是诞生诺贝尔奖得主最多的高等学府,共有90名诺贝尔奖得主现在或曾经在剑桥大学学习或工作。

㈤ 用英语介绍一下英国索福大学

The academic heritage of the University of Salford is founded in the great instrial revolution which originated in the North of England and transformed the world ring the Nineteenth Century. Salford contributed to this extraordinary transformation through its internationally renowned engineering and engineers, science and scientists, technologies and technologists.

The university was founded in 1896 as the Royal Technical Institute, Salford following a merger of the Salford Working Men's College founded in 1858 and Pendleton Mechanics Institute founded in 1850. The Institute received royal letters, allowing the word 'Royal' to be appended, with the then Duke and Duchess of York (later to become King George V and Queen Mary) officiating at the opening ceremony.

The Statues of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, situated on the lawn in front of the Art Gallery, commemorate their royal visit to Salford in 1851. Joule House in Acton Square was the home of James Prescott Joule who gave his name to the electrical unit of work.

In 1921, the Institute was renamed the Royal Technical College, Salford, but in 1958 the institution split into two separate organisations. The break away college became the Peel Park Technical College but changed its name first to Salford Technical Institute in 1961, then to Salford College of Technology in 1970, and finally to University College Salford in 1992.

The Royal College of Advanced Technology, went on to become the University of Salford on 10 February 1967 when Her Majesty The Queen handed over the Royal Charter. In 1996, the break-away University College Salford (est.1958) and the University of Salford (est.1967) were formally merged into the single institution that makes the university what it is today.

The first Vice-Chancellor was Clifford Whitworth, after whom the university's main library is named. The first chancellor was HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who remained as the university's chancellor until 1991. Prince Philip took a "keen interest" in the university whilst in office which has continued since then, with him making a visit in 2008 to see the university's award winning acoustics laboratories.

Today, the University has established a successful global presence with a 2006/7 turnover of some £156m, four faculties, 12 schools, nearly 21,000 students, and 2,500 staff - serving the needs of instry and commerce.

Currently undergoing a transformational change affecting every area of university life, Salford is positioning itself at the leading edge of higher ecation institutions in this country.

㈥ 求英国top5大学的英文简介

1.剑桥
The University of Cambridge is rich in history - its famous Colleges and University buildings attract visitors from all over the world. But the University's museums and collections also hold many treasures which give an exciting insight into some of the scholarly activities, both past and present, of the University's academics and students.

The University of Cambridge is one of the oldest universities in the world and one of the largest in the United Kingdom. Its reputation for outstanding academic achievement is known world-wide and reflects the intellectual achievement of its students, as well as the world-class original research carried out by the staff of the University and the Colleges.

2.伦敦帝国理工学院
Imperial College was founded in 1907 from the Royal College of Science, the Royal School of Mines and the City and Guilds College. The three combined expertise in pure science, engineering, mining and related topics such as geology. More recently, a merger with Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School created the Imperial College School of Medicine, the largest medical school in the country.

Imperial College's main strengths are maths, engineering, science, technology and medicine. It also boasts a £1.4m interactive TV system that enables medical students to attend lectures and watch demonstrations without travelling across the capital.

The university also has a large agricultural sciences department, based in Kent. The Wye campus is set in a 350-hectare estate in the heart of the countryside, close to the small town of Wye, which has shops, pubs, cafés and restaurants.

3.伦敦政治经济学院
One of the UK's more high-powered academic institutions, the London School of Economics is hard to get into and enjoys an international reputation. The Webbs founded it in 1895 to promote "the study and advancement of Economics or Political Economy, Political Science or Political Philosophy, Statistics, Sociology, History, Geography, and any subject cognate to any of these", thanks to the will of a rich Fabian, Henry Hunt Hutchinson. Its social purposes were based on those of American and continental schools and universities where political, social and economic problems were seen as ripe for study.

The LSE's courses still reflect its origins: among those that enjoy a particularly good reputation are accounting and finance, law, economics and international relations. It is a breeding ground for politicians, and has arguably done more to shape the political world than any other university: as well as countless MPs, LSE has ecated world leaders including John F Kennedy.

4.圣安德鲁斯大学
Founded in 1411, St Andrews is Scotland's oldest university, and, in the whole of Britain, is only younger than Oxford and Cambridge. The 6,000 students at history-rich St Andrews make up one-third of the population of this small city, 45 miles from Edinburgh. St Andrews is also famous as the home of golf.

Given its august history, St Andrews' excellent academic reputation is probably no surprise. It is best known for its humanities courses - English, philosophy, modern languages and history of art all do well - and is also strong in sciences. St Andrews hosts the largest optical telescope in Britain and a £4m extension to the Gatty Marine Lab will research seals, whales and dolphins.

With something like 40% of students coming from independent schools, and a similar proportion from England, St Andrews has a bit of a toffy reputation, although fee concessions for Scots students may affect the balance in the future. The fact that Dundee took all the vocational courses when it split from the university in the 1960s does not make it any harder for St Andrews' graates to find careers.

㈦ 用英语介绍下英国

首先是新华网的中文介绍,其次是CIA的介绍(我比较常用的参考库)

英 国 概 况

国名: 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 ( The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)

国旗:呈横长方形,长与宽之比为2∶1。为“米”字旗,由深蓝底色和红、白色“米”字组成。旗中带白边的红色正十字代表英格兰守护神圣乔治,白色交叉十字代表苏格兰守护神圣安德鲁,红色交叉十字代表爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里克。此旗产生于1801年,是由原英格兰的白地红色正十旗、苏格兰的蓝地白色交叉十字旗和爱尔兰的白地红色交叉十字旗重叠而成。

国徽:即英王徽。中心图案为一枚盾徽,盾面上左上角和右下角为红地上三只金狮,象征英格兰;右上角为金地上半站立的红狮,象征苏格兰;左下角为蓝地上金黄色竖琴,象征爱尔兰。盾徽两侧各由一只头戴王冠、代表英格兰的狮子和一只代表苏格兰的独角兽支扶着。盾徽周围用法文写着一句格言,意为“恶有恶报”;下端悬挂着嘉德勋章,饰带上写着“天有上帝,我有权利”。盾徽上端为镶有珠宝的金银色头盔、帝国王冠和头戴王冠的狮子。

国歌:《上帝保佑女王》 "god save the queen"(如在位的是男性君主,国歌改为"god save the king")

国花:玫瑰花

国鸟:红胸鸽

国石:钻石

科学节:1831年开始,一年举办一次

科学周:1994年开始,在每年的3月举办

国家政要:女王伊丽莎白二世(Queen Elizabeth II),1952年2月6日即位,1953年6月2日加冕;上院议长兼大法官欧文勋爵(Lord Irvine of Lairg),1997年5月任上院议长;下院议长迈克尔·马丁(Michael Martin);首相托尼·布莱尔(tony blair) ,1997年5月任职,2001年6月连任。

自然地理:24.41万平方公里(包括内陆水域),英格兰地区13. 04万平方公里,苏格兰7. 88万平方公里,威尔士2. 08万平方公里,北爱尔兰1. 41万平方公里。位于欧洲西部的岛国。由大不列颠岛(包括英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士)、爱尔兰岛东北部和周围一些小岛组成。隔北海、多佛尔海峡、英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆相望。它的陆界与爱尔兰共和国接壤。海岸线总长11450公里。全境分为四部分:英格兰东南部平原、中西部山区、苏格兰山区、北爱尔兰高原和山区。主要河流有塞文河(354公里)和泰晤士河(346公里)。北爱尔兰的讷湖(396平方公里)面积居全国之首。属海洋性温带阔叶林气候,终年温和湿润。通常最高气温不超过32℃,最低气温不低于-10℃,平均气温1月4~7℃,7月13~17℃。多雨雾,秋冬尤甚。年平均降水量约1000毫米。北部和西部山区的年降水量超过1600毫米,中部和东部则少于800毫米。每年三月至六月最为干燥,九月至来年一月最为湿润。

人口:5883万(2000年7月),其中英格兰人4930万,苏格兰人510万,威尔士人290万,北爱尔兰人170万。官方和通用语均为英语。威尔士北部还使用威尔士语,苏格兰西北高地及北爱尔兰通用盖尔语。居民多信奉基督教新教,主要分英格兰教会(也称英国国教圣公会,其成员约占英成人的60%)和苏格兰教会(也称长老会,有成年教徒66万)。另有天主教会和印度教、犹太教及伊斯兰教等较大的宗教社团。

首都:伦敦(london);人口:728.5万(1999年)。最热月份为7月,一般气温在13℃-22℃;最冷月份为1月,一般气温在2℃-6℃。

行政区划:分英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰四部分。英格兰划分为43个郡,苏格兰下设29个区和3个特别管辖区,北爱尔兰下设26个区,威尔士下设22个区。苏格兰、威尔士议会及其行政机构全面负责地方事务,外交、国防、总体经济和货币政策、就业政策以及社会保障等仍由中央政府控制。伦敦称“大伦敦”(Greater London),下设独立的32个城区(London boroughs) 和1个“金融城”(City of London)。各区议会负责各区主要事务,但与大伦敦市长及议会协同处理涉及整个伦敦的事务。此外,英国还有12个属地。
伦 敦 塔 桥

简史:公元前地中海伊比利亚人,比克人,凯尔特人,先后来到不列颠。1-5世纪英格兰东南部为罗马帝国统治。罗马人撤走后,欧洲北部的盎格鲁人、萨克逊人、朱特人相继入侵并定居。7世纪开始形成封建制度,许多小国并成七个王国,争雄达200年之久,称“盎格鲁—撒克逊时代”。829年威塞克斯国王爱格伯特统一了英格兰。8世纪末遭丹麦人侵袭,1016年至1042年为丹麦海盗帝国的一部分。其后经英王短期统治,1066年诺曼底公爵渡海征服英格兰。1215年约翰王被迫签署大宪章,王权遭抑制。1338年至1453 年英法进行“百年战争”,英国先胜后败。1588年击败西班牙“无敌舰队”,树立海上霸权。1640年爆发资产阶级革命。1649年5月19日宣布为共和国。1660年王朝复辟,1668年发生“光荣革命”,确定了君主立宪制。1707年英格兰与苏格兰合并,1801年又与爱尔兰合并。18世纪后半叶至19世纪上半叶,成为世界上第一个完成工业革命的国家。19世纪是大英帝国的全盛时期,1914年占有的殖民地比本土大111倍,是第一殖民大国,自称“日不落帝国”。第一次世界大战后开始衰败。英国于1920年设立北爱兰郡,并于1921年至1922年允许爱尔兰南部脱离其统治,成立独立国家。1931年颁布威斯敏斯特法案,被迫承认其自治领在内政、外交上独立自主,大英帝国殖民体系从此动摇。第二次世界大战中经济实力大为削弱,政治地位下降。随着1947年印度和巴基斯坦的相继独立,到60年代,英帝国殖民体系瓦解。1973年1月加入欧共体。
伦 敦 大 本 钟

政治:英国的宪法不同于绝大多数国家的宪法,并不是一个独立的文件,它是由成文法、习惯法、惯例组成。主要有大宪章(1215年)、人身保护法(1679年)、权利法案(1689年)、议会法(1911、1949年)以及历次修改的选举法、市自治法、郡议会法等。苏格兰另有自己独立的法律体系。政体为君主立宪制。国王是国家元首、最高司法长官、武装部队总司令和英国圣公会的“最高领袖”,形式上有权任免首相、各部大臣、高级法官、军官、各属地的总督、外交官、主教及英国圣公会的高级神职人员等,并有召集、停止和解散议会,批准法律,宣战媾和等权力,但实权在内阁。议会是最高司法和立法机构,由国王、上院和下院组成。上院(贵族院)包括王室后裔、世袭贵族、新封贵族、上诉法院法官和教会大主教及主教组成。1999年11月,上院改革法案通过,除102名留任外,600多名世袭贵族失去上院议员资格,非政治任命的上院议员将由专门的皇家委员会推荐。下院也叫平民院,议员由普选产生,采取最多票当选的小选区选举制度,任期5年。但政府可决定提前大选。政府实行内阁制,由女王任命在议会选举中获多数席位的政党领袖出任首相并组阁,向议会负责。

政党:(1)工党(Labour Party):执政党。1900年成立,原名劳工代表委员会,1906年改用现名。该党曾于1945-1951年,1964-1970年,1974-1979年上台执政。1997年大选获胜,2001年6月大选后蝉联执政。工党近年来更多倾向于中产阶级的利益,与工会关系有所疏远。布莱尔当选工党领袖后,政治上提出“新工党、新英国”的口号,取消党章中有关公有制的第四条款,经济上主张减少政府干预,严格控制公共开支,保持宏观经济稳定增长,建立现代福利制度。对外主张积极参与国际合作,对欧洲一体化持积极态度,主张加入欧元,主张同美国保持特殊关系。现有党员近40万名,是英国第一大党。(2)保守党(Conservative Party): 主要反对党。前身为1679年成立的托利党,1833年改称现名。该党从1979至1997年4次连续执政,成为20世纪在英国占主导地位的政党。在1997年5月和2001年6月两次大选中惨败于工党。保守党的支持者一般来自企业界和富裕阶层,主张自由市场经济。通过严格控制货币供应量和减少公共开支等措施来压低通货膨胀。主张限制工会权利,加强“法律”和“秩序”。 近年来,提出实行“富有同情心的保守主义”,关注教育、医疗、贫困等社会问题。强调维护英国主权,反对“联邦欧洲”,反对加入欧元,主张建立“大西洋共同体”以加强英美特殊关系。强调北约仍是英国安全与防务的基石。现有党员30多万名。(3)自由民主党(The Liberal Democrat Party):1988年3月由原自由党和社会民主党内支持同自由党合并的多数派组成。主张继续维持与工党的合作关系,推动工党在地方选举及下院选举中实行比例代表制,在公共服务、社会公正、环境保护等问题上采取比工党更“进步”的政策。现有党员约10万名,是英国第三大党。此外,英国其他政党还有:苏格兰民族党 (Scottish National Party)、威尔士民族党 (Plaid Cymru) 以及北爱尔兰一些政党如:北爱尔兰统一党(Ulster Unionist Party)、民主统一党 (Democratic Unionist Party) 、社会民主工党 (Social Democratic and Labour Party)、新芬党 (Sinn Fein) 等。
大 英 博 物 馆 的 圆 形 阅 览 室

司法:有三种不同的法律体系:英格兰和威尔士实行普通法系,苏格兰实行民法法系,北爱尔兰实行与英格兰相似的法律制度。司法机构分民事法庭和刑事法庭两个系统。在英格兰和威尔士,民事审理机构按级分为郡法院、高等法院、上诉法院民事庭、上院。刑事审理机构按级分为地方法院、刑事法院、上诉法院刑事庭、上院。英国最高司法机关为上院,它是民、刑案件的最终上诉机关。1986年成立皇家检察院,隶属于国家政府机关,负责受理所有的由英格兰和威尔士警察机关提交的刑事诉讼案。总检察长和副总检察长是英政府的主要法律顾问并在某些国内和国际案件中代表王室。

经济: 英国是发达的资本主义国家。其国内生产总值在西方国家中居前列。英国制造业在国民经济中的比重有所下降,仍占领导地位;服务业和能源所占的比重不断增大,其中商业、金融业和保险业发展较快。
伦敦东部码头区新建的金融中心

2000年,英经济规模居世界第四,并连续第二年成为世界最大的海外投资国。私有企业是英国经济的主体,占国内生产总值的60%以上。服务业占国内生产总值的三分之二,而制造业仅占五分之一。能源资源最丰富的国家,也是世界主要生产石油和天然气的国家。主要能源有煤、石油、天然气、核能和水力等。1999年,原油及天然液化气日产量达290万桶(约38. 41万吨),位居世界第九。至1999年底,原油总产量创历史纪录,达23 .31亿吨,天然气总产量为149000亿立方米。英国是世界上第一个满足本国2600万电、气用户的国家。1999年底,总电量达7 . 01亿千瓦,其中核电站供应1. 30亿千瓦。英国采煤业完全私有化。森林覆盖面积270万公顷,占英本土面积约10%:其中英格兰约8%,苏格兰约17%,威尔士约14%,北爱约6%。主要工业有:采矿、冶金、化工、机械、电子、电子仪器、汽车、航空、食品、饮料、烟草、轻纺、造纸、印刷、出版、建筑等。英国重视对新能源及可再生能源的研究开发。英开发核能有几十年的历史,目前供发电的核电站有14座。制造业约占国内生产总值20%,从业人员逾400万,占总就业人口14. 4%。服务业包括金融保险业、零售业、旅游业和商业服务(提供法律及咨询服务等),近年来发展迅速。旅游业是英最重要的经济部门之一。1999年,旅游业产值达640亿英镑;从旅游收入上计算,英国是世界第五大旅游国,收入占世界旅游收入的4. 5%。主要旅游点有伦敦、爱丁堡、加的夫、布赖顿、格林威治、斯特拉福、牛津、剑桥等。英国是世界第五大贸易国,贸易额占世界贸易的5. 6%。进口产品主要有:食品、燃料、原材料、服装、鞋业、电子机械设备、汽车等;出口产品主要有:石油及相关产品、化工产品(主要是医药)、食品、烟草、饮料(威士忌等)、机械设备等。

行 进 在 摩 尔 大 街 上 的 英 国 皇 家 炮 兵 团

军事: 建军时间约在17世纪中期。女王为英军名义上的最高统帅。最高军事决策机构是“国防与海外政策委员会”,首相任主席,成员有国防大臣、外交大臣、内政大臣、财政大臣等;必要时国防参谋长和三军参谋和列席会议。国防部为国防执行机构,既是政府行政部门,又是军事最高司令部。英国是北约集团的创始国和主要成员国,拥有独立的核力量,国家战略的核心是:积极参与世界事务,维护英国的国际地位;依靠和借助北约集体防务力量来保卫欧洲和英国本土的安全,并扩大英在欧洲的影响;积极加强与英联邦国家的联系,保护其广泛的海外利益。1997年5月工党政府上台后,调整国防政策;继续依靠北约集体防务力量作为英国安全的基础;保持强大的常规部队;保持核威慑力量;突出强调质量建军和联合快速反应部队的建设,重点提高英军处理各种危机、应付突发事件的快速反应能力,努力维护英在欧洲及海外传统势力范围的战略利益。实行志愿兵役制,服役期3、6、9、12、15年不等,一般最长为22年。

教育: 实行5-16岁义务教育制度。1998/1999财政年度教育经费占国内生产总值的4.9%。公立学校学生免交学费。私立学校师资条件与教学设备都较好,但收费高,学生多为富家子弟。著名的高等学校有牛津大学、剑桥大学、伦敦政治经济学院、爱丁堡大学。

路 透 社 的 采 编 人 员 在 工 作

新闻出版:英国报纸的人均销量比任何发达国家的都多。全国共有约1350种报纸,7000种周刊和杂志:《每日快报》、《每日邮报》、《每日镜报》、《每日星报》、《太阳报》、《金融时报》、《每日电讯报》、《卫报》、《独立报》、《泰晤士报》、《世界新闻》、《星期日快报》、《星期日镜报》、《星期日邮报》、《人民报》、《星期日电讯报》、《观察家报》和《星期日泰晤士报》。通讯社主要有3家:(1)路透社:1850年成立,集体合营,世界重要通讯社之一,总部设在伦敦。(2)新闻联合社:1868年创办,由PA新闻、PA体育、PA检索和PA数据设计4家公司联合经营,专门为英国和加拿大的企业提供公关和投资信息。(3)AFX新闻有限公司:由法新社与金融时报联合经营,向欧洲的金融及企业界提供信息和服务,在欧洲12个国家、美国及日本设立分支机构,总部在伦敦。英国广播公司(无线电广播网)(BBCNetwork Radio)于1922年创办。该公司有5个对内广播电台,1个对外广播电台,用43种语言向全世界各国播放节目。英国广播公司(电视台) ( BBCTelevision)于1936年开始播放电视,有两个台:BBC1主要播放新闻、宗教、体育、歌剧及少儿和娱乐节目,BBC2主要播放音乐、艺术、喜剧、教育及一些特别节目。另有5个数码频道供交费用户使用。广播电台局(the Radio Authority)负责批准及管理所有独立电台的服务,监督节目及广告质量。独立电视委员会(Independent Television Commission)负责批准和规管商业电视台服务,拥有ITV(第三频道)、第四频道和第五频道。ITV节目始播于1955年,24小时全天服务,面向全国,三分之一时间播放新闻,其它时间播放体育、喜剧、游戏和电影等。主要靠广告赞助。第五频道始播于1997年3月。随着因特网的迅猛发展,各主要报刊、电视均有网络版,其中BBC在线是被访问最多的网站。

伯明翰市维多利亚女王广场上的市政厅大楼

外交:英国为联合国安理会常任理事国,是世界五个核大国之一,是欧盟、北约、英联邦、西欧联盟等120个国际组织的重要成员国。主张同美国加强关系,重视发展与其他大国的关系,努力改善同中、俄、日等大国的关系。努力维系同英联邦国家的联系,保持和扩大在发展中国家的影响。积极参与全球事务,保持强大的国防力量、强调自由贸易。加强在环境保护、人权、发展等问题上的国际合作。将人权问题作为其外交政策的核心。

与中国关系:1950年1月宣布承认中华人民共和国。1954年6月17日中英达成互派代办的协议。1972年3月13日两国签订了升格为大使级外交关系的联合公报。1982年9月,英国首相撒切尔夫人作为英国第一位在职首相访华。1984年12月,英国首相撒切尔夫人再次访华,与中国领导人共同签署了中英关于香港问题的联合声明。
Introction United Kingdom Top of Page
Background:
Great Britain, the dominant instrial and maritime power of the 19th century, played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. At its zenith, the British Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earth's surface. The first half of the 20th century saw the UK's strength seriously depleted in two World Wars. The second half witnessed the dismantling of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation. As one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding member of NATO, and of the Commonwealth, the UK pursues a global approach to foreign policy; it currently is weighing the degree of its integration with continental Europe. A member of the EU, it chose to remain outside the Economic and Monetary Union for the time being. Constitutional reform is also a significant issue in the UK. The Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly were established in 1999, but the latter is suspended e to wrangling over the peace process.
Geography United Kingdom Top of Page
Location:
Western Europe, islands including the northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France
Geographic coordinates:
54 00 N, 2 00 W
Map references:
Europe
Area:
total: 244,820 sq km
land: 241,590 sq km
water: 3,230 sq km
note: includes Rockall and Shetland Islands
Area - comparative:
slightly smaller than Oregon
Land boundaries:
total: 360 km
border countries: Ireland 360 km
Coastline:
12,429 km
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: as defined in continental shelf orders or in accordance with agreed upon boundaries
Climate:
temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast
Terrain:
mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains in east and southeast
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: The Fens -4 m
highest point: Ben Nevis 1,343 m
Natural resources:
coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, lead, zinc, gold, tin, limestone, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, potash, silica sand, slate, arable land
Land use:
arable land: 23.23%
permanent crops: 0.2%
other: 76.57% (2005)
Irrigated land:
1,700 sq km (2003)
Natural hazards:
winter windstorms; floods
Environment - current issues:
continues to rece greenhouse gas emissions (has met Kyoto Protocol target of a 12.5% rection from 1990 levels and intends to meet the legally binding target and move toward a domestic goal of a 20% cut in emissions by 2010); by 2005 the government aims to rece the amount of instrial and commercial waste disposed of in landfill sites to 85% of 1998 levels and to recycle or compost at least 25% of household waste, increasing to 33% by 2015; between 1998-99 and 1999-2000, household recycling increased from 8.8% to 10.3%
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Geography - note:
lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes; only 35 km from France and linked by tunnel under the English Channel; because of heavily indented coastline, no location is more than 125 km from tidal waters
People United Kingdom Top of Page
Population:
60,609,153 (July 2006 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 17.5% (male 5,417,663/female 5,161,714)
15-64 years: 66.8% (male 20,476,571/female 19,988,959)
65 years and over: 15.8% (male 4,087,020/female 5,477,226) (2006 est.)
Median age:
total: 39.3 years
male: 38.2 years
female: 40.4 years (2006 est.)
Population growth rate:
0.28% (2006 est.)
Birth rate:
10.71 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Death rate:
10.13 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Net migration rate:
2.18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 5.08 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.67 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 78.54 years
male: 76.09 years
female: 81.13 years (2006 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.66 children born/woman (2006 est.)
HIV/AIDS - alt prevalence rate:
0.2% (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
51,000 (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
less than 500 (2003 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Briton(s), British (collective plural)
adjective: British
Ethnic groups:
white (of which English 83.6%, Scottish 8.6%, Welsh 4.9%, Northern Irish 2.9%) 92.1%, black 2%, Indian 1.8%, Pakistani 1.3%, mixed 1.2%, other 1.6% (2001 census)
Religions:
Christian (Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist) 71.6%, Muslim 2.7%, Hin 1%, other 1.6%, unspecified or none 23.1% (2001 census)
Languages:
English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland)
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2003 est.)
Government United Kingdom Top of Page
Country name:
conventional long form: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; note - Great Britain includes England, Scotland, and Wales
conventional short form: United Kingdom
abbreviation: UK
Government type:
constitutional monarchy
Capital:
London
Administrative divisions:
England: 47 boroughs, 36 counties, 29 London boroughs, 12 cities and boroughs, 10 districts, 12 cities, 3 royal boroughs
boroughs: Barnsley, Blackburn with Darwen, Blackpool, Bolton, Bournemouth, Bracknell Forest, Brighton and Hove, Bury, Calderdale, Darlington, Doncaster, Dudley, Gateshead, Halton, Hartlepool, Kirklees, Knowsley, Luton, Medway, Middlesbrough, Milton Keynes, North Tyneside, Oldham, Poole, Reading, Redcar and Cleveland, Rochdale, Rotherham, Sandwell, Sefton, Slough, Solihull, Southend-on-Sea, South Tyneside, St. Helens, Stockport, Stockton-on-Tees, Swindon, Tameside, Thurrock, Torbay, Trafford, Walsall, Warrington, Wigan, Wirral, Wolverhampton
counties (or unitary authorities): Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cheshire, Cornwall, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, Durham, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Herefordshire, He

㈧ 英国的简介(中英文对照)

英国的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国,行政区划包括了英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰地区。除本土之外,其还拥有十四个海外领地,总人口超过6600万,其中以英格兰人(盎格鲁-撒克逊人)为主体民族,占全国总人口的占83.9%。

The full name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Its administrative divisions include England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. In addition to the mainland, it also has 14 overseas territories with a total population of over 66 million, of which the English (Anglo-Saxons) are the main ethnic group, accounting for 83.9% of the total population of the country.

英国是一个高度发达的资本主义国家,欧洲四大经济体之一,其国民拥有极高的生活水平和良好的社会保障制度。作为英联邦元首国、七国集团成员国、北约创始会员国、英国同时也是联合国安全理事会五大常任理事国之一。

Britain is a highly developed capitalist country and one of the four major European economies. Its citizens have a very high standard of living and a good social security system. As the head of the Commonwealth, member of the Group of Seven, founding member of NATO, Britain is also one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council.

魅力大都市伦敦、历史文化名城约克、巴斯、坎特伯雷、名校所在地剑桥和牛津、风华旖旎的湖区、还有让球迷疯狂的曼彻斯特、利物浦,《哈利波特》的诞生地爱丁堡,《勇敢的心》发生地斯特灵。这些不列颠的标志都在英格兰地区。

Charming metropolis London, historic and cultural city York, Bass, Canterbury, Cambridge and Oxford, the beautiful lake area where famous schools are located, and Manchester and Liverpool which make fans crazy. Edinburgh, the birthplace of Harry Potter, the place where Brave Heart took place, is Stern Spirit. These British symbols are all in England.

(8)英语介绍英国的大学扩展阅读:

英国气候。

英国属温带海洋性气候。英国受盛行西风控制,全年温和湿润,四季寒暑变化不大。植被是温带落叶阔叶林带。通常最高气温不超过32℃,最低气温不低于-10℃,平均气温1月4~7℃,7月13~17℃。年平均降水量约1000毫米。

北部和西部山区的年降水量超过2000毫米,中部和东部则少于800毫米。每年二月至三月最为干燥,十月至来年一月最为湿润。英国终年受西风和海洋的影响,全年气候温和湿润,适合植物生长。英国虽然气候温和,但天气多变。一日之内,时晴时雨。

㈨ 剑桥大学英文介绍

Cambridge university was founded in 1209, the first is by a group to avoid fight and escape from Oxford University teacher.

12th century Franciscan, benedictine monks and holy friar, had come to settle in this piece of flat, wet marshes, cambridgeshire was born.

剑桥大学成立于公元1209年 ,最早是由一批为躲避殴斗而从牛津大学(University of Oxford)逃离出来的老师建立的。

12世纪,方济会修士、本笃会修士和圣衣会修士,来到这片平坦、潮湿的沼泽区定居,剑桥郡由此诞生。

(9)英语介绍英国的大学扩展阅读

剑桥大学实际上为一个组织松散的学院联合体,各学院高度自治,但是都遵守统一的剑桥大学章程,该章程是由大学的立法机构起草通过的,每年还会修订。

剑桥大学只负责考试与学位颁发,而招收学生的具体标准则由各学院自行决定,并自行招生。剑桥的31所学院错落有致地分布在只有10万人左右的小镇里。这些学院建于不同的时代,最早的已有七、八百年历史了,就像它们的建筑一样各具特色。

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