人教版pep八年级英语知识点

Ⅰ 人教版初二英语知识要点

Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
目标语言：talk about how often you do things
重点句型：What does she do on weekends? She often goes to the movies.
What do you usually do on weekends? I usually play soccer.
How often does Cheng watch TV? He watches TV twice a week.
How many hours do you sleep every day? I sleep for nine hours .
Do you think she has a healthy lifestyle ? Yes,I do.
Is her lifestyle the same as yours? Yes, it is.
Who is the healthiest? Tom is the healthiest.
重点词组：watch TV, read newspaper, go to the movies, surf the Internet, read English books, once or twice a week, every day, three or four times a week, the result of, be interested in, translate…into…,be good for, try to, the same as, help sb. to do,keep in good health.
知识点：
1．一般现在时，第三人称单数作主语时，动词的变化规则。
1） 一般在动词后加-s词尾。如，come-comes live-lives
2） 在以ch, sh ,s, x, 或o结尾的词后要加-es, 如，
teach-teaches catch-catches wish-wishes wash-washes
miss-misses guess-guesses mix-mixes fix-fixes
go-goes do-does
3） 以“辅音+y”结尾的词，先变y为I 再加es,如，
Try-tries study-studies reply-replies fly-flies
1． 主语为第三人称单数时一般现在时的结构
肯定式：主语+ 谓语动词的第三人称单数+其他。
He likes bananas a lot. 他非常喜欢吃香蕉。
否定式：主语+助动词（doesn’t）+动词原形+其他。
She doesn’t like milk.她不喜欢喝牛奶。
疑问式：助动词（Does）+主语+动词原形+其他
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+does.
否定回答：No, 主语+doesn’t.
-Does Kate like meat? 凯特喜欢吃肉吗？
-Yes, she does. 是的，她喜欢。
-No, she doesn’t. 不，她不喜欢。
2．频度副词的用法
1）频度副词是表示动作频率的词汇，常用的有always100%,usually80%,often50%,somtimes30%,hardly ever2%never0%
2）频度副词的位置
a) 放在连系动词，助动词或情态动词后面
b) 放在行为动词前
c) 有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调
Sometimes I walk home,sometimes I go home by bus.
【注意】never放在句首时，主语，谓语动词要倒状。
Never have I learnt this word.我从没学过这个词。
3．词语辨析：
1）
a) good, fine, well, nice
good是通用词，可以表示各种品质方面的优异，从美学到道德规范几乎都可以使用。
It is an old film, but it’s very good.
b) fine表示“上好的，精细的”，也可以表示“美好的”，天气“晴朗的”。
She always wears fine clothes.她总穿好衣服。
It is fine sand.这是细砂。
It is a fine day today. 今天天气晴朗。
c) well表示身体“无病的，健康的“
d) nice表示使人感到“愉快的，好的“
2）every day, everyday
every day作状语；everyday作定语
3）some time, some times, sometime, sometimes,
a)some time表示“一些时间”，此处time为不可数名词“时间”，如
Don’t worry. We have sometime.别着急，我们还有些时间。
b)some times表示“一些次数/倍数”，此处time为可数名词“次数/倍数”。
I have been to Hong Kong some times.我去过香港好几次了。
c)sometime表示“在某个时候”，且多指将来
We are going to HongKong sometime next summer.明年夏天的某个时候，我们将要去香港。
d)sometimes表示“有时，不时”，意思与at times相近，且多指现在的情况。
My family sometimes goes to Hong Kong for vacations.我们家有时去香港度假。
4）all, most, some ,no
这四个词都是用来表示大概的数量，但是他们所表示的程度不同：all所有的,most大部分的，some一些，no 没有。如，all boys所有男孩，most boys大部分男孩，some boys一些男孩，no boys 没有男孩。
5）health, healthy
Health意思是“健康”，为名词；而healthy是在health的词尾加上加上y,变成形容词，意思是“健康的”。它们的用法也不大相同：health一般只作主语或宾语；而healthy多作定语或表语。
类似的词汇还有很多，要注意区分：sleep-sleepy, luck-lucky,mood-moody
6)kind, kind of, a kind of
Kind有两种基本意思：1。作名词，意思是“种类，类型”；2。作形容词，用来形容热，意思为“仁慈的，友善的，善良的”.

◆ unit2 What’s the matter?
目标语言：Talk about your health and give advice
重点句型：What’s the matter?=What’s the trouble?= What’s wrong with you?
I have a sore throat. You should drink some hot tea with honey.
I have a stomacke. You should lie down and rest.
I have a toothache. You should see a dentist.
I have a fever. You should drink lots of water.
That’s a good idea.
I am not feeling well.
When did it start? About three days ago.
That’s too bad.
I think so.
I hope you feel better soon.
Do you have a headache? Yes, I do.
I am tired. You should go to bed early.
I am stressed out. You should listen to music.
I am thirsty. You should have a drink.
I am hungry. You should eat an apple.
重点词组：lie down, hot tea with honey, lots of water,advise sb to do.
go to bed, listen to music, healthy lifestyle, believe in, for example, too much, be good for, a balanced diet, get tired, stay healthy, stressed out, hope todo, wish sb to do, at the moment, improve on/upon, host family，on the other hand
知识点：
1. I am sorry to hear that….获悉．．．我很抱歉（遗憾）
I am sorry to hear that your mother is ill.
2. enjoy用法
enjoy sth.喜爱，欣赏某物I enjoy my job.我喜爱我的工作．
enjoy doing喜欢做某事．I enjoy swimming in summer.在夏天，我喜欢游泳．
enjoy oneself＝have a good time玩得开心 We enjoyed ourselves at the party yesterday.我们在昨天的聚会上玩得很开心．
3．hope的用法
hope to do希望做某事I hope to work with you. 我希望能同你一起工作．
hope+clause . I hope (that) he will be better soon.我希望他快些好起来．
【注意】如果想表示希望某人做某事要用wish sb to do如，I wish him to come．我希望他来．
4. Until的用法：
Until 和 till的意义相同，都有“直到”，“直到．．．才”，”在．．．以前不”的意思．它们的使用方法为：
1) 作介词: 作介词，后面通常接表时间的名词或短语．如We are back until/till3o’clock.三点种我们才回来．
2) 作连词： 作连词时，until和till引导时间状语从句．如 Go along this road until you see the park沿着这条路走，直到你看到公园为止。
【注意】1）以上的状语从句的例句都是从句在主句之后，如果把从句放在主句之前，那么，引导词用till.如Till you come back, I won’t leavehere.直到你回来我才回离开这。
2)主句的动作是终止性的，要用not…until／till句型。
5.can 的用法
Can意思为”能，会”，是情态动词，其后接动词原形，否定形式为can not，缩写为can’t．过去式为could，could有时用于一般现在时态，语气比can 委婉．
1) 表示能力．I can sing我会唱歌。
2) 表示惊讶，不相信等态度，主要用于否定句或疑问句中。
Can it be hers?这能是她的吗？
You can’t be serious.你不会当真吧。
3）表示允许，意思与may相近，主要用于口语中。
Can I smoke here?我能在这儿抽烟吗？
6.too much, much too, too many
too much 表示“太多”，用来修饰不可数名词；much too表示“太”，修饰形容词或副词；too many表示“太多”，用来修饰可数名词的复数。
7．ago,before
Ago与before都表示“．．．．以前”，但用法有区别：
Ago表示从此刻算起的若干时间之前，常用于过去时的句子中．如
He bought the computer two days ago.两天前他买了一台电脑．
Before作为副词时表示1）从过去某个时刻算起的若干时间以前，用于过去完成时的句子中；笼统的”以前”，用于一般过去时或现在完成时的句子中．如
He had already taken away the computer long before.他早就拿定了电脑．
I have read that novel before．我以前读过这部小说．
8． maybe, may be
maybe adv 或许，大概。其同义词为perhaps.
may be是情态动词+be动词的形式，作谓语，意思为“可能”。
【注意】由于may是情态动词，因此无人称和数的变化，也没有将来时态，即：将来时用现在时来表示。而maybe是副词，不能决定句子的时态，因此要根据具体情况，使用相应的时态。
9keep的用法
keep+形容词. Please keep quiet!
keep+副词 Danger! Keep out!危险！不要靠近！
keep+介词 Keep off the grass!勿践踏草坪！
【相关短语】keep at坚持下去 keep in with保持友好关系
keep in mind 记住 keep on继续 keep up持续不停 keep up with赶上
10．如果其后是明确的疾病名称就要用have，如果其后是表达身体状况的形容词，则用be。如 I have a sore throat. I am tired.
11.a few有一点，表示肯定；后面接可数名词；few几乎没有，极少，表示否定，后面接可署名词；a little有一点，表示肯定，后面接不可数名词；little几乎没有，极少，表示否定，后面接不可数名词。

◆unit3 What are you doing for vacation?
目标语言：talk about future plane
重点句型：What are you doing for vacation? I’m visiting my grandmother.
What is she doing for vacation? She’s going camping.
Who are you going with? I’m going with my parents.
When is he going? He’s going on the 12th.
How long are you staying? I’m staying for four days.
Where are you going for vacation? I am going to Italy.
How is the weather? It is fine.
Can I ask you some questions about your vacation plans? Sure.
重点词组：spend time with friends, go to the beach, go to sports camp,visit cousins, go bike riding, go sightseeing, talk walks, go fishing, rent videos, be famous for/as, think about, decide on, do something different, plan to do, go fishing, hope to do, forget to do/doing, wait to do, finish doing, ask sb. about sth.
知识点：
1． 现在进行时何时表示非进行意义
“be+现在分词”构成进行时态，表示动作正在发生或进行。但也有特殊情况
1） 表示转移的动词leave,go, come, start等进行时态表将来的时候，时常伴有意图，安排或打算的含义。这种现在进行时比较生动，给人一种期待感，它常常表示最近或较近的将来。He is leaving fro London tomorrow.他明天就要去伦敦。
2） 表示将来的现在进行时除用转移动词外，也可以用某些非转移动词。如，
When I grow up, I am joining the army.我长大要参军。
3） 频度副词always, forever,continually等和进行时连用，带有一定的感情色彩， 泛指一切时间内所做的事情，或者表示客观事实。这种用法比较口语化，也比较生动。
The earth is always turning.地球转个不停。
2． Leave的用法
1） “leave+地点”表示“离开某地”如，When did you leave Changchun?
2） “leave for+地点”表示“离开去某地” 如She is leaving for London.
3） “leave+地点+for +地点”表示“离开某地去某地”
Why are you leaving Changchun for Wuhan?
3.finish doing做完某事
4．Hear的用法 hear-heard-heard
1）hear+that引导的从句。That可省略不用。如
I hear there’s an interesting film tonight.
2）hear sb do sth听见某人做某事。如
I hear her sing every day.
3)hear sb doing听见某人正在做某事。如
I hear him singing in the next room.
5.all, both
all“全部，都”，指三者或三者以上事物；both“都”，指两者。
6.about, on关于
About指的内容较为普通，不那么正式，含有随便谈论的意味。如
I know nothing about the matter.我对这事一无所知。
On指的内容较为严肃或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读或参考。
He has written lots of books on the history of Japan.他写了许多关于日本史的书。
7．this summer指“今年夏天”，象这样有this, that ,these, those,next等修饰的词作时间状语时前面不需要加介词。
8．Famous的用法
Be famous for 因。。而闻名； be famous as作为。。。而闻名
9．Problem, question“问题”
Question是对某事怀疑因而提出的需要考虑，讨论，等待回答的问题；problem是客观存在的，等待解决的问题。
Question常与动词ask ,answer连用；problem常与动词solve连用。
10．Forget的用法forget-forgot-forgotten
forget to do sth忘记去做某事。表示动作尚未发生；forget doing sth忘记做过某事。表示动作已经发生。Remember用法与forget相同。
11．Decide的用法
decide to do sth决定做某事；decide on doing sth/sth决定，取决；make a decision做决定
12．Think about, think out, think over, think of
think about考虑，回想 He thought about going to Greece or Spain.他考虑去希腊还是西班牙。
think out想出 We thought out a perfect way at last.我们最后想出了绝妙的方法。
think over仔细考虑，认真考虑 Please think it over, I am sure you can get the answer.
think of 考虑，设想，想起等，常用于否定句，与could,should,would连用，表示“有。。。想法（念头）”。You shouldn’t think of that.你不该那么想。
13．Visitor ,guest
Visitor指访问者，探访者，来客等。Guest指客人，来客。如果你是一个visitor，说明你想去访问某人或参观某地；如果你是一个guest，就是指你是受某人邀请的客人或者是应邀到其家中作客，或者应邀去吃饭，或者应邀去听音乐会，看戏等，guest也指旅馆的旅客。
14．Go+doing通常表示去做某些活动。如，go camping去野营， go fishing去钓鱼
15．Sound, noise
Sound系常用词，泛指“任何声音，不论高低，大小，是否悦耳或有无意义”。如 the sound of footsteps脚步声；noise 指“任何混杂，嘈杂，刺耳或起干扰作用，令人厌烦的声音”。
16．Rent的用法
Rent即为可数名词rent out 出租，租出；rent at以。。。出租
17．Comlete,finish
Finish表示过去某个时候着手做的事已经做完，或者表示对已经做完的事情进行精密加工；complet侧重表示做完或完成某工作，特别是一项任务，或者把某工作圆满结束。