初三上冊六單元英語講解
❶ 初三上冊5和6單元語法知識點
獨立主格結構
獨立主格結構由名詞或代詞加上其他成分(分詞、不定式、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語)構成。
獨立主格結構沒有主語和謂語,所以在語法上不是句子。但多有名詞或代詞表示的邏輯主語,分詞或不定式表示的邏輯謂語,有時還有其他修飾成分。(判斷一個結構是否是句子的標准就是看看這個結構是否有謂語動詞。)這種結構通常在句子中起方式、時間、原因、條件等狀語或狀語從句的作用,主要用於書面語。使用動詞非謂語形式的獨立主格結構可以改為句子形式(從句):獨立主格結構加上連詞,非謂語動詞改為謂語動詞形式,這樣就成為從句了。
例如:
Today being Sunday, the library isn' t open.今天星期天,圖書館不開放。
(原因)改為從句:
As (Since) today is Sunday, the library isn' t open.
例如:
There being no buses,we had to take a taxi. 沒有汽車了,我們只好坐計程車了。
Because there were no buses, we had to take a taxi.
The signal given,the bus started.信號發出後,公共汽車就啟動了。
(時間)改為從句:
After the signal was given, the bus started.
The boy followed that man here,and climbed in,sword in hand.少年跟那個人到這里,並爬了進來,手裡拿著劍。
The boy followed that man here,and climbed in,and had a sword in his hand.
The mid-term examination is over, the end-of-term examination to come two months later.期中考試結束了,兩個月之後進行期末考試.
The mid-term examination is over, and the end-of-term examination is to come two months later.
Weather permitting, we' 11 visit the Great Wall.如果天氣允許的話,我們就去參觀長城。
If weather permits, we' 11 visit the Great Wall.
The boy followed that man here, and climbed in, sword in hand.少年跟那個人到這里,並爬了進來,手裡拿著劍。(伴隨狀語)
上文例句中sword in hand是由「名詞+介詞短語」構成,表示伴隨的情況。這種表示伴隨情的獨立主格結構,有時可以用with引出,二者的意思是一樣的,with結構更加口語話,更加常用。
She left the office with tears in her eyes.她眼裡含著淚水,離開了辦公室。
The teacher walked into the classroom, with a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.老師胳膊底下挾著一把尺子,手裡拿著幾本書,走進了教室。
The teacher walked into the classroom. He was holding a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.
Tian' anmen Square looks magnificent with all the lights on.華燈齊放,天安門廣場顯得美麗動人。
With the boy leading the way, we found his house with no difficulty.由這孩子領路,我們毫不費勁地找到他的家。
With him to give us a lead, our team is bound to turn out well.有他給我們帶頭,我們對一定能搞好。
1、指出下列句子中的獨立主格結構:
1) My work having been finished, I went home.
---My work having been finished
2)The woman sat smiling, surrounded by her flowers, a faraway look in her eyes.
---A faraway look in her eyes
3) My watch having been lost, I didn' t know what time it was.
---My watch having been lost
4) He came into the room, his face red with cold.
--- his face red with cold
5) There an elderly patient was sitting in her wheelchair alone, head bowed, her back to most of the others.
--- Head bowed. her back to mast of the others
6) A man came in, his face hidden by an upturned coat collar and a cap pulled law over his brow.
--- His face hidden by an upturned…….
用獨立主格結構改正下列句子:
1) Being cold, he put on his overcoat.
---It being cold, …
2) Being no bus, we had to walk home.
--- There being no bus, ...
3) Getting colder, same birds are flying away to the south.
--- It getting colder, ...
4) Being ill, Mr. Li taught the lesson in place of Mr. Wang.
--- Mr. Wang being ill, Mr. Li taught..
5) Asia is the largest continent, being about 43 million square kilometer.
---…,its size (area) being about 43….
用獨立主格結構將括弧內的漢語譯成英語填空:
1)Bing Bing entered the room, _____ (手裡拿著一個大蘋果).
---- (with) a big apple in his hand.
2) _____(下課了),the children ran out of the class room.
---The class being over
3) The little girl waited at the bus stop for a long time, _____(鼻子凍得通紅).
---her nose red with cold
4) Here comes the Shanghai train, _____ (從福州來的火車)
---the Fuzhou train to come half an hour later.
5) He was doing his homework._____ (他的父親坐在旁邊)
6) ____(誰也沒有什麼可說的), the meeting was closed.
-----Nobody having any more to say
一致
英語的一致有三種:主謂一致,代詞一致,肯定與否定一致
一、主語與謂語的一致
英語語法要求,主語如果是單數,謂語動詞也要用單數形式;主語若是復數,謂語動詞也要用復數形式
例如:
She likes to eat well.她好吃
We all like good food.我們都喜歡好飯菜。
Everybody was happy with the decision. 人人都對這個決定感到高興。
I am a doctor.我是個醫生。
二、概念一致
1. And連接的兩個或多個單數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用復數形式
His opinion and mine are different他的觀點和我的是不同的。
Bob and Peter are deadly rivals. Bob和peter是死對頭。
What she says and what she does are totally different. 她說的和做的完全不同。
但是如果and連接的是指一個單一概念時,謂語動詞用單數。
Bread and milk has been my breakfast for years. 牛奶麵包多年來一直是我的早餐。
Her lawyer and old friend is going to marry her.她的律師和老朋友要娶她。
All this effort and sacrifice has come to nothing. 所有這些努力和犧牲都白費了。
由and連接的單數主語分別有many a,ever y,each,no修飾時,動詞用單數。
如:During the holidays, every train and every plane was crowded.假期期間每列火車及每架飛機都非常擁擠。
No boy and no girl has the right to refuse ecation. 男孩和女孩都沒有拒絕教育的權利。
Man a man and man a woman was moved b this picture。許多男男女女都被這幅畫感動。
2.如果主語是一個抽象概念(如不定式、動名詞、主語從句等)謂語動詞用單數形式。如果主語是用and連接的兩個或多個抽象概念,謂語動詞用復數形式。
如:Swimming jogging and cycling are all goad farms of sports exercises.游泳、慢跑和騎自行車都是很好的運動形式。
To live to eat is not a very goad attitude toward life. 活著就是為了吃不是好的生活態度。
To live to eat and to eat to live are very different attitudes toward life.
以what,who,why,haw, whether等wh一詞引起的從句做主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數;由and連接的兩個主句如果指兩件事,動詞用復數。
例如:What he is doing is not clear yet他在干什麼還不清楚
What he is doing and whether I know him are two different things.他在干什麼和我是否認識他是兩件不同的事。
What she told me is none of your business. 她和我說的什麼用不著你管。
What she told me and what she told you are totally different things.
以what從句為主語的「主一系一表SVC"句型中,如果主句的表語是復數,主句謂語動詞用復數形式;what從句本身是復數意義,主句謂語動詞也可用復數。
如:What I need buy now are four tea cups and a pair of sports shoes.
我需要買的是四隻茶杯和一雙運動鞋。
What were thought to be five dogs were actually five sheep.
被認為是五條狗的東西實際上是五隻羊。
3.集體名詞family,class,crew(全體船員或機組人員),crowd, group, committee, audience, government, public, team, staff, population等做主語時,若作為一個整體看待,後面謂語動詞用單數; 如就其中每一個成員來考慮時,則用復數。
例如: My family is a big one.我家人多。
My family are all music lovers. 我全家人都愛好音樂。
Eighty percent of China' s population are peasants. 百分之八十的中國人口是農民。
China has a huge population. 中國有眾多的人口。
The population of China is the largest in the world. 中國的人口是世界上最多的。
People, police, cattle,(牛),militia(民兵),poultry(家禽),vermin(害出)等作主語時,後面的動詞要用復數。
如:There were many people waiting outside. 有許多人在外面等著。
The police are searching far the murderer. 警察在搜捕兇手。
The cattle are grazing in the fields. 一群牛在田野里吃草。
Foliage(樹葉),machinery(機械),equipment(設備) ,furniture(傢具),merchandise(商品)等通常做不可數名詞,動詞用單數,
如:The merchandise has arrived undamaged滴品已經到達,毫無損壞。
All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 本工廠里的所有機械都是中國製造的,
4.不定代詞either,neither,ever y,each,one,the other, another以及所有的復合不定代詞作主語時,謂語動詞只用單數,包括「every/each/no……and every/each/no……」作主語時。
如:Every/Each plane and every/each pilot is ready to take off.
每架飛機和每個飛行員都已准備好起飛。
No plane and no pilot is ready to take off.
沒有一架飛機、沒有一個飛行員已准備好起飛。
Here are two books. Either of them is worth reading.
這有兩本書,都值得一讀。
Neither of these two dictionaries contains this ward.
這兩本詞典都沒收入這個字
Everyone is here. No one is absent. 大家都到了,沒有人缺席。
Somebody is using the phone. 有人在用電話。
I have two sisters. One is here, and the other is not here.
我有兩個姐妹,一個在這兒,一個不在這兒。
Each day is better than the one before. 一天比一天好。
Either day is OK. 兩天中哪一天都行。
5. what,who,which,any,mare,some,half,mast,all,none.等代詞可以是單數,也可以是復數,主要靠意思決定。但指不可數名詞時作單數看待。
例如:Which is your book? Which are your books?
Here' s same mare (coffee). Here' re same more (tomatoes).
None of the books are/is easy enough for us.
Most of Most of
All of All of
Some of The money was stolen Some of The member was there.
Half of Half of
None of None of
Two thirds of Two third of
由Many a或mare than one所修飾的詞做主語時,意義上雖然是復數,但謂語動詞用單數形式。none在代表不可數的東西時總是看作單數.
如:Many a person is far his plan. 很多人贊成他的計劃。
Mare than one people is against his plan. 不止一個人反對他的計劃。
6.表示時間、重量、長度、價值等的單位名詞,盡管是復數形式,如果作整體看待,動詞都用單數形式。如果看作組成該數量的一個一個的個體,則動詞用復數。
如:Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 走二十英里可是很長的一段路。
Ten years is a long time。十年很長。
Eight minutes is enough. 八分鍾夠了。
Twelve dollars is too dear. 十二美圓太貴了。
There are six silver dollars in each of the stacking. 每隻襪子里有六個一美元的銀幣。
7. 「the+形容詞」表示一類人時,謂語動詞用復數。表示抽象概念或指個別事物時謂語動詞用單數。
如:The old are well taken care of. 老人得到很好的照顧。
The beautiful is laved by all. 人人都愛美,
The difficulty we do at once. The impassible takes a little loner.
困難的事情我們馬上做。不可能的事情需要稍微長一點的時間。
還有the unknown(未知的事物),the unexpected(出乎意料的事),等等。
8. 如果主語由"a kind/sort/type of this kind/sort/type of +名詞」組成,不管名詞是單數還是復數,動詞通常用單數。
如:This kind of man annoys me. =This kind of men annoys me. 這種人讓我煩。
This kind of apple is very expensive. = This kind of apples is…這種蘋果很貴。
類似的還有:a portion of(一部分),a series of(一系列),a pile of(一堆),a panel of (一個小組委員會),
如:A series of accidents has happened here. 這里發生過一系列事故。
9. Means作「方法、手段」講時,單復數同形,其前面有each, every, neither, either,等單數a念的定語時,謂語動詞用單數;若有all, both,these等復數概念的定語時謂語動詞用復數。
「None of the means」作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數。
如:There is/are no means of learning what is happening. 沒法知道正在發生什麼事。
No means is /are left untried. 沒有沒試過的方法了。
Every means is to an end. 每一種手段都能達到一種目的。
A bicycle is a means of transport. 自行車是一種交通手段。
All possible means have/Every possible means has been tried.所有的方法都試過了。
三、就近一致
1.當主語由either...... or. neither...... nor , not only ...... but(also) 或or連接時,謂語動詞通常和最臨近的那個主語一致。
例如:Either you or he is to do the work. 不是你就是他來做這件事。
Not only you but also Tom often comes late to class. 不光是你,湯姆上課也遲到。
Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
孩子們和老師都不知道這件事。
2.當there be結構後面有並列主語時,謂語也和最臨近的那個一致。
如:There is a dictionary and many books on the table.
桌子上有一本詞典和許多本書。
There' re ten chairs and a table in the house.
屋子裡有十把椅子和一張桌子。
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and same paper far you.
這兒有一支筆,幾個信封和一些紙給你。
這種就近一致的情況在非正式文體中越來越普遍。但在下列情況不提倡模訪。
如:Where is your mother and sisters?
你媽媽和你姐妹到哪兒去了?
Is your sister and her husband coming to see you?
你姐姐和姐夫要來看你嗎?
One in ten are expected to take part in the contest.
預計每十個人就有一個要來參加這次比賽。
3.做主語的名詞或代詞後接with,together with,along with,as well as等短語時,謂語動詞一般和前面名詞或代詞一致。這些短語前後可用可不用逗號。
如:A woman with a baby is coming to the hospital
一個婦女抱著個嬰兒正向醫院走來。
The girl, as well as the bays , has learned to drive a car.
這個姑娘和那些那孩子一樣也學會了開汽車。
二、代詞一致
代詞一致是指句子中代詞應在數、性、人稱等方面彼此保持一致,
如:One must do one' s best to increase proction.
Everybody talked at the tap of his/their voice.
If anyone calls, tell him I' 11 be back in a moment. (him也可用him or her代替)
在寫作中,如果表示不定的人,可以用you, we, one等,需要注意的是:同一篇文章中,只用同一個不定代詞,而且所有格要與其一致。
三、肯定與否定一致
下列形容詞、副詞、代詞從肯定句變成否定句時,須作相應的變化:
肯定句 否定句
We've had some money. We haven't had any money.
I was talking to someone I wasn't talking to anyone.
They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never, seldom) visit us.
He has arrived already. He hasn't arrived yet.
Li is coming too. Li isn't coming either.
Both of us are going. Neither of us are going.
He likes both of them. He doesn't like either of them.
注意:「so/neither+助動詞/情態動詞+名詞/代詞」結構中須用倒裝語序,
如:My wife likes classical music very much and so do.
She doesn' t like jazz and neither do.
❷ 求 九年級上冊人教版英語1——6單元句型總結
一、 She used to be a history teacher.
【句型介紹】該句句意為她過去是一名歷史老師。 used to do sth. 表過去經常做某事,暗示現在已不再如此,句中to後接動詞原形。只能用於過去時態,並且可用於所有人稱。其否定形式為used not to ... 疑問形式為Used you to ... ? Used he to ... ? 等。而在口語中或不太正式的書面語中,否定形式為didn't use to ...,疑問形式為Did you use to ... ? Did he use to ... ? 等。
He doesn't smoke these days, but he used to (somke). 他現在不抽煙,但是他以前抽。
【句式比較】 1. be used to do sth.,被動語態結構,意為被用來做某事,句中to後接動詞原形。
This machine can be used to proce juice. 這台機器可以用來做果汁。
2. be / get used to (doing) sth.,習慣於做某事,句中to為介詞,後接名詞、代詞、動名詞。
I'm not used to the noisy city life here. 我不習慣這兒喧囂的城市生活。
Are you used to singing loudly in public places? 你習慣在公共場所高聲唱歌嗎?
【特別提醒】注意各句型中to後面的動詞形式。
二、 what is worse
【句型介紹】 意思為更糟糕的是,常作為插入語,強調後出現的情況比先出現的情況更糟糕,含有強烈的感情色彩,常可替換成worse than all /ever, to make the matter worse。
It was very dark outside, and what was worse, it began to rain. 外面很暗,而糟糕的是,天開始下雨了。
I started very late, and worse than all, I met with a traffic jam. 我出發得很遲,更糟糕的是,又遇到了交通阻塞。
【句式比較】 1. what's more,更何況,強調後出現的情況程度遠遠超過先出現的情況。
I'm not afraid of it, because I work hard, and what's more, many friends will help me. 這一點我並不害怕,因為我工作很努力,更何況許多朋友會幫我。
2. besides也有更何況之意,其用法與what's more相同。
I'm sure he will be fired, because he has been late so many times, and besides he has caused so much loss to our company. 我確信他肯定會被解僱,因為他遲到了這么多次,更何況他給我們公司造成了這么多損失。
【特別提醒】 通過語境區分各句型。
三、 We're having a family meeting.
【句型介紹】該句句意為我們要開一個家庭會議, are having從結構上看是現在進行時態,但它表達的是將來時態。在口語中come, go, fly, leave, move, travel等表位置移動的動詞常用現在進行時表示一般將來時態。
I'm leaving for Shanghai next Monday. 我下周一要去上海。
He's moving into a new house tomorrow. 他明天要搬進新房去。
The boy's father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by telegraph.
【句型介紹】該句中so ... that ... 表示如此......以致......,引導結果狀語從句,so後面接形容詞、副詞原級。
She is so beautiful that many people like her. 她長得很漂亮,許多人都喜歡她。
so 有時出現在以that 引導的從句中表示非常的意思,如課本中出現的I'm so happy that you could come to England with us for the holidays.
【句式比較】
1. such ... that ...,如此......以致......,引導結果狀語從句,such後面接名詞順序為such + a / an + adj. + n., 而so 修飾時為 so + adj. + a / an + n.。
It was such a wonderful film that I saw it many times. (It was so wonderful a film that I saw it many times.) 這場電影如此精彩以致於我看了很多遍。
It was such good news that he felt very excited at it. 這個消息很好,聽到之後他感到很激動。
2. so that,意為以便......時,引導目的狀語從句,此時so that前面沒有逗號,後面常出現may, can等情態動詞;意為結果......時,引導結果狀語從句,此時so that前面常有逗號。
He started very early so that he could get there in time. 他出發得很早以便能及時到達那裡。
【特別提醒】 著重從結構、邏輯、標點符號、習慣搭配等角度區分這些句型。
It's made of bamboo and animal's hair.
【句型介紹】 該句中be made of 表示由......製成,從成品中看得出原材料, 後面接材料。
This cup is made of paper. 這個杯子是由紙做的。
Those chairs are made of steel. 那些椅子是鋼做的。
【句式比較】
1. be made from,由......製成,從成品中看不出原材料, 後面也接材料。
Bread is made from flour. 麵包是由麵粉做的。
2. be made in,由某地製造,後接產地。
This kind of car is made in Shanghai. 這種小汽車是上海造的。
Bikes can be made in our city. 我市能生產自行車。
3. be made into,......製成了......
Class is made into bottles. 玻璃可製成瓶子。
4. be made by, 由某人製造,後接生產者。
The coat is made by Miss Wang at home. 這件外衣是由王小姐在家裡做的。
5. be made up of, 由......組成, 指某物或某組織由某種成分或成員組成。
This TV set is made up of hundreds of different parts. 這台電視機是由數百個不同的零件組裝成的。
一、It seems that ...
[句型介紹] 意為似乎是......;看起來好像......,it為形式主語,that後引導的從句為真正主語。
It seems that they are talking about something.似乎他們在談論什麼。
[比較] seem to do sth.似乎在做......
He seems to be a clever boy.他看起來像個聰明的男孩。
二、make one's way
[句型介紹] 意為一路前進;向前。
The soldiers made their way in the thick snow.戰士們在厚厚的雪地上前進。
The firemen are making their way out of the burning house. 消防隊員們正從燃燒的房子里沖出來。
[比較] feel one's way 摸索著前進;lose one's way 迷路;push one's way 擠著前進;fight one's way殺出一條路。
It was very dark outside, so he had to feel his way.外面很暗,所以他不得不摸索著前進。
The child lost his way at the cinema and with the help of the policeman he found his way to go home. 這個小孩兒在電影院迷路了,在警察的幫助下他找到了回家的路。
There were so many people at the station that they had to push their way. 火車站的人真多,他們不得不擠著前進。
The soldiers fought their way out of the enemy's encirclement. 戰士們從敵人的包圍圈中殺出了一條路。
三、on one's way to
[句型介紹] 意為在某人去某地的途中,one's也可換成the,to後面接地點名詞,若地點為副詞,應省to。
On his / the way to Beijing, he found a secret. 在去北京途中他發現了一個秘密。
She met with a traffic accident on her / the way home.回家途中她遭遇了車禍。
[比較] on one's way from ... to ...在某人從......到......途中
On my / the way home, I picked up a wallet. 回家路上,我拾到了一隻皮夾子。
On their / the way from Shanghai to Beijing, they discussed this matter. 在從上海到北京的途中,他們討論了這個問題。
四、wait for one's turn to do sth.
[句型介紹] 意為等候輪到某人做某事,to do sth.為不定式作定語。
I am waiting for my turn to buy a ticket. 我在等著輪到我買票。
Are you waiting for your turn to take a bath? 你在等著洗澡嗎?
[比較] It's one's turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事;take turns at doing sth. 輪流做某事。
Is it your turn to clean the blackboard? 今天輪到你擦黑板嗎?
Whose turn is it to be on ty today? 今天輪到誰值日?
They took turns at watching at his bedside.他們輪流守護在他的床前。
[特別提醒] 這些句型中的turn均為名詞,表依次輪流的順序。
五、feel like doing sth.
[句型介紹] 意為想要做某事,feel like後面應接動名詞作賓語。
I feel like having something to eat. 我想吃點兒東西。
Do you feel like going swimming? 你想去游泳嗎?
[比較] would / should like to do sth. 願意做某事,should 常用於第一人稱,would用於各種人稱。
I would like to stay at home this afternoon. 今天下午我想呆在家裡。
六、stop sb. from doing sth.
[句型介紹] 意為阻止某人做某事,句中stop可換成prevent或keep,from也可以省去,但keep sb. from doing sth.中的from不可省。
What stopped you (from) coming to see me?什麼事讓你沒來看我?
[比較] protect ... from保護......不受......侵害
An umbrella can protect us from the rain. 雨傘能保護我們不被雨淋濕。
七、stand on one's head
[句型介紹] 意為倒立,為身體姿勢描繪用語。
The actress can stand on her head for five minutes. 這個女演員能倒立五分鍾。
Can you stand on your head? 你會倒立嗎?
[比較] stand on one's feet站著;stand on one foot 單足站立
Can you stand on one foot for an hour? 你能單腳站一個小時嗎?
Having stood on his feet for a long time, he felt very tired.站了很長時間了,他感到累了。
八、not ... until ...
[句型介紹] 意為直到......才......,表某一動作或狀態直到until或till所表示的時間為止才開始發生。
He didn't go home until 5 p.m. 直到下午五點,他才回家。
She didn't get married until she was thirty years old. 直到三十歲她才結婚。
[比較] do ... until / till,表示某一動作或狀態一直延續到until/till所表示的時間為止才結束,其謂語動詞須為持續性動詞。
He worked until the clock struck twelve.他一直工作到鍾敲了十二點。
一、 lose oneself in
[句型介紹]意為沉溺於......,in為介詞,後接名詞、代詞、動名詞。
At the meeting, he lost himself in reading newspapers. 開會時,他讀報入了神。
She often loses herself in deep thought when she is alone. 獨自一人時,她經常沉溺於思考之中。
[比較] be lost in迷失方向;沉溺於......
Take care, and not to be lost in the woods again.當心別再在森林中迷路了。
[特別提醒] be lost in的主語為人稱代詞的主格或名詞,而不能為反身代詞。
二、 say to oneself
[句型介紹]意為心裡想......,反身代詞和主語在人稱上應保持一致。
I woke up at six and said to myself, It's still early.我六點鍾時醒了, 心想:還早呢。
When he heard what the teacher said, he said to himself, I should study hard. 當他聽到老師的講話時,心想我應當認真學習。
[比較] talk to oneself 自言自語,反身代詞和主語在人稱上也應保持一致。
An old man likes to talk to himself. 老人喜歡自言自語。
三、 主語(人) + spend ...(in) doing sth.
[句型介紹]該句表示某人花費時間做某事,spend後面需接表時間的名詞,介詞in可以省去。
He spent quite a lot of time (in) working out this maths problem. 他花了許多時間才解出了這道數學題。
How much time did you spend(in) reading this book? 讀這本書花了你多長時間?
[比較]主語(人) + spend +金錢+ on sth.,花費金錢買某物;It costs /takes+時間+to do sth. 花費時間做某事;pay ... for ...,為......付款。
He spends most of his money on food.他把大部分錢用來買食物。
Did it take you much time to prepare for it?准備這件事花了你很多時間嗎?
It cost me fifty yuan to buy this dictionary. 我花了五十元買了這本字典。
He paid twenty yuan for a pair of glasses. 他花了20元買了一副眼鏡。
四、 I'm sure that ...
[句型介紹] 該句表示對某事有肯定的認識或判斷。
I'm sure that she is an honest girl. 我肯定她是一個誠實的女孩。
Are you sure that she has stolen your pen? 你能肯定是她偷了你的鋼筆嗎?
[比較] I'm not sure if ...,表示對某事沒有肯定的認識或判斷,是I'm sure that 的否定句。
I'm not sure if he will come on time. 我無法確定他是否會按時來。
五、 get on with ...
[句型介紹] 意為在......取得進展;與......相處融洽,如果進展順利或相處融洽, on後面可加well,但此時該句不可用於How引導的特殊疑問句。
-How are you getting on with your speech? 你的演講准備得怎麼樣了?
-I'm getting on well with it. 進展順利。
Can Tom get on well with his classmates? 湯姆能和他的同學融洽相處嗎?
[比較] get along with,含義及用法與get on with相同。
He is getting along well with his new book. 他的新書寫得很順利。
He is easy to get along well with. 他很容易相處。
六、 be fed up with ...
[句型介紹] 意為對......感到厭煩。with為介詞,後面應接名詞、代詞、動名詞。
I'm fed up with working with him.我討厭和他共事。
Are you fed up with eating the same food every day? 你討厭每天吃同樣的食物嗎?
[比較] be tired of對......感到厭煩;討厭......
I'm tired of dealing with such kind of man. 我討厭和這樣的人打交道。
復制下來就可以了,希望對你能有所幫助!
❸ 初三上冊英語6單元翻譯
下載個金山快譯,可翻譯網站。或點高級翻譯,輸入單詞即可
❹ 初三上冊英語第6單元課文翻譯
到電腦上直接打就出來了啊...
❺ 初三上冊英語前六單元短語及句型
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyEEC/ 初中英語 EEC
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyEEC/863/ 初中英語一年級上冊EEC
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyEEC/864/ 初中英語二年級上冊EEC
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyEEC/2424/ 初中英語 EEC
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyygzb/ 初中英語(廣州版)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyygzb/592/ 初中英語廣州版
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyygzb/2427/ 初中英語廣州版1
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyygzb/2428/ 初中英語廣州版2
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyygzb/2429/ 初中英語廣州版4
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyygzb/2430/ 初中英語廣州版3
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyygzb/2431/ 初中英語廣州版5
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyygzb/2432/ 初中英語廣州版6
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyhbjndb/ 初中英語(河北&加拿大版)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyhbjndb/2433/ 初中英語河北加拿大版讀物
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyhbjndb/2434/ 初中英語河北加拿大版活動
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyhbjndb/2435/ 初中英語河北加拿大版學生用書
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyrjb/ 初中英語(人教版)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyrjb/2371/ 初中英語人教版初一
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyrjb/2372/ 初中英語人教版2000年
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyrjb/2373/ 初中英語人教版初二
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyrjb/2374/ 初中英語人教版初三
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyysdb/ 初中英語(山東版)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyysdb/2436/ 初中英語山東版六年級
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyysdb/2437/ 初中英語山東版七年級
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyysdb/2438/ 初中英語山東版八年級
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyshnjb/ 初中英語(上海&牛津版)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyshnjb/2439/ 初中英語牛津版七年級
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyshnjb/2440/ 初中英語牛津版八年級
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyshnjb/2441/ 初中英語牛津版九年級
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyswb/ 初中英語(上外版)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyswb/2442/ 初中英語上外版八年級
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyswb/2443/ 初中英語牛津版小學三年級下
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyszxglwb/ 初中英語(深圳&香港朗文版)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyszxglwb/2444/ 初中英語深圳版第一冊2004年
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyszxglwb/2445/ 初中英語深圳版第二冊2004年
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyszxgwdb/ 初中英語(深圳&香港文達版)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyszxgwdb/2446/ 初中英語深圳版第一冊
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyszxgwdb/2447/ 初中英語深圳版第三冊
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyszxgwdb/2448/ 初中英語深圳版第四冊
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyszxgwdb/2449/ 初中英語深圳版第六冊
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyszxgwdb/2450/ 初中英語深圳版第五冊
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyszxgwdb/2451/ 初中英語深圳版第二冊
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxbz/ 初中英語(新標准)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxbz/2414/ 初中英語新標准初一上冊課文
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxbz/2415/ 初中英語新標准初一上冊詞彙
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxmb/ 初中英語(新目標)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxmb/593/ 新目標英語Go for it!
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxmb/2416/ 初中英語新目標七年級上(單詞)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxmb/2417/ 初中英語新目標七年級上2004年
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxmb/2418/ 初中英語新目標九年級上
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxmb/2419/ 初中英語新目標八年級下講解版
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxmb/2420/ 初中英語新目標八年級上(講解)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxmb/2421/ 初中英語新目標八年級上(單詞)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxmb/2422/ 初中英語新目標八年級上
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyxmb/2423/ 初中英語人教新目標七年級下
http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyylnjb/ 初中英語(譯林&牛津版)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyylnjb/2407/ 初中英語譯林牛津版Word8A
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyylnjb/2408/ 初中英語譯林牛津版Word7B
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyylnjb/2409/ 初中英語譯林牛津版Word7A
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyylnjb/2410/ 初中英語譯林牛津版8B
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyylnjb/2411/ 初中英語譯林牛津版8A課文
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyylnjb/2412/ 初中英語譯林牛津版7B課文
· http://www.rrting.com/English/czyyylnjb/2413/ 初中英語譯林牛津版7A課文
http://www.rrting.com/English/njczyyylcbs/ 牛津初中英語(譯林出版社)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/njczyyylcbs/2402/ 初中英語譯林牛津版Word8A
· http://www.rrting.com/English/njczyyylcbs/2403/ 初中英語譯林牛津版Word7A
· http://www.rrting.com/English/njczyyylcbs/2404/ 初中英語譯林牛津版8A課文
· http://www.rrting.com/English/njczyyylcbs/2405/ 初中英語譯林牛津版7A課文
· http://www.rrting.com/English/njczyyylcbs/2406/ 初中英語牛津版九年級上9A
http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/ 初中英語教材
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/705/ 初中英語語法
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/1087/ 初中英語七年級(視頻版)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/1089/ 初中英語八年級(視頻版)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/1090/ 初中英語九年級(視頻版)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/1164/ 初一英語單詞(上)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/1165/ 初一英語單詞(下)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/1166/ 初二英語單詞(上)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/1167/ 初二英語單詞(下)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/1168/ 初三英語單詞(上)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/1169/ 初三英語單詞(下)
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/1170/ 初中英語一至三年級
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/1171/ 初中英語一至三年級
· http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/344/ 初中英語詞彙7
❻ 九年級上學期英語1-6單元重要片語,句型,語法重點和用法!!
你花了我一個晚上的時間!希望能幫到你!
一、知識點
①英語有兩種語態:主動語態和補動語態
主動語態表示是動作的執行者
被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者
Cats eat fish. (主動語態)貓吃魚。
Fish is eaten by cats. (被動語態)魚被貓吃。
②被動語態的構成
由「助動詞be +及物動詞的過去分詞」構成
助動詞be 有人稱、數和時態的變化,其變化規則與be 作為連系動詞時完全一樣。
時態 被動語態結構 例句
一般現在 時 am
are +過去分詞
is English is spoken in many countries.
一般過去 時 was +過去分詞
were + 過去分詞 This bridge was built in 1989.
情 態
動 詞 can/should
may +be+過去分詞
must/…… The work must be done right now.
③被動語態的用法
當我們不知道誰是動作的執行者,或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執行者,或者只需強調動作的承受者時,要用被動語態。
2. allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事(主動語態)如:
Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 媽媽允許我每晚看電視。
be allowed to do sth. 被允許做某事(被動語態)如:
LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允許去欽州。
3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞
讓/使(別人)做某事 get sth. done(過去分詞)
have sth. done 如:
I get my car repaired. == I have my car repaired. 我讓別人修好我的車
I want to have my hair cut. 我要理發.
4. enough 足夠
形容詞+enough 如:beautiful enough 足夠漂亮
enough+名詞 如:enough food 足夠食物
enough to 足夠…去做… 如:
I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足夠的錢去北京。
She is old enough to go to school.她夠大去讀書了。
5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.請停止說話。
stop to do sth. 停止下來去做某事 Please stop to speak. 請停下來說話。
6. 看起來好像…sb. seem to do sth. = It seems that +從句
He seems to feel very sad.
It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起來好像很傷心。
7.倒裝句:
由so+助動詞(be/do/will/have)/情態動詞+主語 意為:…也是一樣
Neither/Nor + be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞+主語(前為否定) 表示與前面所述事實一致.
She is a student. So am I. 她是一個學生,我也是。
She went to school just now. So did I . 她剛才去學校了,我也是
She has finished the work. So have I . 她已經完成了工作,我也完成了。
She will go to school. So will he. 她將去學校,他也是。
Tom can』t swim. Neither can John.
8. yet 仍然,還 常用在否定句或疑問句當中 可與although/though連用
9. stay up 熬夜如:I often stay up until 12:00pm.我經常熬夜到12點。
10. clean up 打掃 整理 如:
I have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已經打掃完了卧室。
11. 程度副詞:
always總是 usually經常 sometimes有時 never從不
如:I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school.
我總是/經常/有時/從不上學遲到。
12. 曾經做某事:
Do you ever get to school late? Yes, I do. No, I don』t.
Have you ever got to school late? Yes, I have. No, I haven』t.
13. go shopping(去購物), go fishing(去釣魚)
go swimming(去游泳), go boating(去劃船)
go hiking(去登山), go trekking(去徒步)
14. .be strict with+人. be strict in+事物.
例: The head teacher is strict with his students
He is strict in the work.
15. take the test 參加考試
pass the test 通過考試 fail a test 考試失敗
16. the other day前幾天,不久前的一天.(用於過去時)
every other day = every two days 每隔一天 (每兩天)
17. agree 同意 反義詞 disagree不同意 動詞
agreement 同意 反義詞 disagreement 不同意 名詞
18. keep sb/ sth. +形容詞 使某人/某物保持…. 如:
We should keep our city clean.(cleaningⅹ)我們應該保持我們的城市干凈。
Don』t keep me waiting for a long time.別讓我等得太久。
19. both…and… +動詞復數形式
如: Both Jim and Li Ming play bastketball.
20. learn (sth.) from sb. 向誰學習(什麼) 如:
Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英語老師學習英語
21. have an opportunity to do sth. 有機會做某事
have a chance of doing sth. 有機會做某事
如:I have an opportunity to go to Beijing. I have a chance of going to Beijing.
22. at present 目前
23. at least 最少 at most 最多
24. 花費 take ,cost, spend , pay
It take (sb.) time to do sth. It took (me) 10days to read the book.
sth. cost (sb.) …… The book cost (me) 100yuan.
sb. spend … on sth. She spent 10days on this book.
sb. spend …doing sth. She spent 10days reading this book.
sb. pay … for sth. She paid 10yuan for this book.
25. have +時間段+off 放假,休息 如:have 2 days off
off 不工作,不上班,不上學,不值班.
例: I think I』ll take the afternoon off. 我想下午歇班.
She is off today. 她今天休息.
I have three days off next week. 下周我有三天假.
They haven』t had a day off since last week. 從上周來,他們沒休息過一天.
26. reply to 答復某人 如:She replayed to MrGreen.
27. agree with sth. 同意某事 如:I agree with that idea.
agree to sb. 同意某人的意見 如:I agree to LiLei.
28. get in the way of 礙事,妨礙 如:
Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社會生活妨礙了她的學習。
29. success n. succeed v. successful adj. successfully adv.
30. think about 與think of 的區別
①當兩者譯為: 認為、想起、記著時,兩者可互用
I often think about/ of that day. 我經常想起那天。
②think about 還有「考慮」之意 ,think of 想到、想出時兩者不能互用
At last, he thought of a good idea. 最後他想出了一個好主意。
We are thinking about going Qinzhou. 我們正在考慮去欽州。
31. 對… 熱衷, 對…興趣
be serious about doing 如:She is serious about dancing. 她對跳舞熱衷。
be serious about sth. 如:She is serious about him. 她對他感興趣。
32. practice doing 練習做某事 She often practice speaking English.
33. care about sb. 關心某人 如:Mother often care about her son.
34. also 也 用於句中
either也 用於否定句且用於句末
too=as well 也 用於肯定句且用於句末
I am also a student. 我也是一個學生
I am a student too. 我也是一個學生。
I am not a student either. 我也不是一個學生。
35.allow sb to do sth 允許某人做… allow doing sth 允許做…
36.stupid silly foolish 三個詞都有「蠢」的意思.但略有不同.stupid 程度最強,指智力 理解力 學習能力差. silly 指頭腦簡單,傻頭傻腦,使人覺得可笑,帶有感情色彩. foolish 尤其在口語中廣泛使用.
例: He is stupid in learning math. 他學習數學很笨.
Stop asking such silly questions. 別再問這樣傻的問題了.
You are foolish to throw away such a good chance.
你真蠢,丟掉這樣一個好機會.
37.He doesn』t seem to have many friends.
=It seems that he doesn』t have many friends.
=He seems not to have many friends.
38.clean (v.) 打掃,清理
clean up 比較徹底地打掃,清理 clean out 打掃,清理地最徹底.
39.concentrate on… 全神貫注做…
例: He decided to concentrate on physics because he failed the exam.
This company concentrates on China market.
這家公司把重點放在中國市場上.
40. more…than…①與其說…不如說…; 比…更…
例: The man is more stupid than nervous.
與其說那人緊張,倒不如說他愚蠢.
②在這一結構中,more做adj. 修飾名詞,表示「比…多」
例:I have more books than you. 我的書比你的多.
41.volunteer ① n. 自願者. ② v. volunteer to do sth. 自願做…
例: We all volunteered to help in the old people』s home.
我們都志願到敬老院幫忙.
42. get in the way (of)... 妨礙...
例: He never gets in others』 way. 他從不妨礙別人.
The bikes over there will get in the way of others. 自行車放在那裡會妨礙別人的.
43. success (n.) successful (adj.) succeed (v.)
44. only 處於句首,並後跟狀語時,全句需要倒裝.
例: Only then did he understand it. 只有到那時,他才明白.
Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有這樣我們才能把英語學好.
Only when she came home, did he learn the news. 當她到家時,他才得知了這消息.
45. care about 關心,在乎,在意.
例: No one cares about others nowadays. 現在沒人關心別人.
I don』t care about what he does. 我並不在意他干什麼.
二、短語
1. be allowed to do sth 被允許干…
allow sb to do sth 允許某人干…
allow doing sth 允許干…
2. sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old boys and girls 16歲的孩子
3. part-time jobs 兼職工作
4. a driver』s license 駕照
5. on weekends 在周末
6. at that age 在那個年齡段
7. on school nights 在上學期間的每個晚上
8. stay up 熬夜
9. clean up (相當與及物動詞) 清掃
10. fail (in) a test 考試不及格
11. take the test 參加考試
12. the other day 前幾天
13. all my classmates 我所有的同學
14. concentrate on 全神貫注於
15. be good for 對…有益
16. in groups 成群的,按組的
17. get noisy 吵鬧(系表結構)
18. learn from 向某人學習
19. at present 目前,現在
20. have an opportunity to do sth 有做…的機會
21.English-English dictionary 英英詞典
22. at least 至少
23.eight hours』 sleep a night 每晚8小時的睡眠
24. an old people』s home 敬老院
25. take time to do sth 花費時間干…
26. primary schools 小學
27. have…off 放假,休息
28. reply to 回答,答復
29. get in the way of 妨礙
30. a professional athlete 職業運動員
31. achieve one』s dreams 實現夢想
32. think about 思考,考慮
33. in the end 最後,終於
34. be serious about 對…熱忠/極感興趣
35. spend…on + n. spend …(in) + v-ing 在…上花費時間/金錢
36. care about 關心,擔心,在乎
37. agree with 同意…
三.句子
1. I don』t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced.
我認為不應該允許12歲的孩子穿耳孔.
2.They talk instead of doing homework. 他們聊天而不是做作業.
3.He is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm. 允許他們熬到晚上11點.
4.We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often.
我們應該被允許更加經常的花些時間多做這類事情.
5.What school rules do you think should be changed?
你認為學校的哪些制度應該改一改了?
6.The two pairs of jeans both look good on me.
這兩條牛仔褲穿在我身上都適合.
7.The classroom is a real mess. 教室太臟了.
8.Should I be allowed to make my own decisions?
9.Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream.
只有這樣我才能實現我的夢想.
10.They should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much as they want.
應該允許他們對業余愛好想練多長時間就練多長時間.
11.We have nothing against running. 我們沒有理由反對他跑步.
❼ 急求初三上冊的英語語法1——6單元
一、詳細的定語從句講解 定語從句是由關系代詞和關系副詞引導的從句,其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個成分,定語從句分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種。狀語從句分為時間狀語從句,結果狀語從句,讓步狀語從句,原因狀語從句,條件狀語從句以及行為方式狀語從句。名詞從句包括主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句和同位語從句及there be句型。 一、 限定性定語從句 1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它們在從句中作主語或賓語,that在從句中作賓語時常可省略關系詞,which在從句中作賓語則不能省略。而且,如果which在從句中作「不及物動詞+介詞」的介詞的賓語,注意介詞不要丟掉,而且介詞總是放在關系代詞which的前邊,但有的則放在它原來的位置 2. which作賓語時,根據先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關系,先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟 3. 代表物時多用which,但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which,這些詞包括all, anything, much等,這時的that常被省略 4. who和whom引導的從句用來修飾人,分別作從句中的主語和賓語,whom作賓語時,要注意它可以作動詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語 5. where是關系副詞,用來表示地點的定語從句 6. when引導定語從句表示時間 〔注〕值得一提的是,表示時間「time"一詞的定語從句只用when引導,有時不用任何關系代詞,當然也不用that引導 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 7. whose是關系代詞,修飾名詞作定語,相當於所修飾成分的前置所有格 8. 當從句的邏輯主語是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時,常用there is來引導二、非限定性定語從句: 非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明,通常和主句間用逗號隔開,將從句拿掉後其他部分仍可成立 1. which引導的非限定性定語從句來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分 2. 在引導限定性定語從句時,that有時相當於in which, at which, for which或at which Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人們對白日做夢的態度正在改變,這與人們對夜間做夢的看法的變化有非常相似之處。 I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出於某種原因喜歡這種音樂,而他恰恰與我相反。 We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 剛好我們到的那天他們走了。 3. 有時as也可用作關系代詞 4. 在非限定性定語從句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物三、定語從句結構錯誤 1. 缺關系詞 2. 從句中缺成分 摘自《簡明英語語法》 在英文中,有兩種定語從句:限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句。這兩種定語從句在其功能和形式方面都有明顯的區別: 限定性定語從句限定性定語從句與主句的關系很緊奏,對其先行詞起限定、修飾的作用。如果將其去掉,會影響句子意思的完整性;有時甚至於引起費解、誤解。例如: Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located . 為了加速他們各自所在國家的經濟發展,熱帶雨林作為有價值的原木和其他資源正為人們所砍伐。 Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow. 洋流影響其流經的附近地區的氣候。 They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before. 他們向我們解釋為什麼他們不喜歡我們的原因。 非限定性定語從句非限定性定語從句在形式上就與主句很鬆散,它與主句之間有一個逗點","隔開;它對其先行詞沒有限定、修飾的作用,只起補充、說明的作用。有時也用它來對全句進行補充、說明。即使將其去掉,也不會影響句子意思。由於上述原因,非限定性定語從句在表達意思方面也有別於限定性定語從句。另外,非限定性定語從句在中文譯文里,我們往往將其作為一個分句處理,而不把它作定語翻譯。 例如: Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy . (此句中,非限定性定語從句是對先行詞a sphere進行補充、說明。)
更早之前,巴比倫人曾試圖繪制世界地圖,但是他們把它繪製成平盤狀而不是托勒密所採用的球體狀。 The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an ecation and entertainment center . (此句中,三個非限定性定語從句分別對三個先行詞:satellites ,computers和television進行補充、說明。如果去掉這三個非限定性定語從句,那麼句子可簡化為: The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an ecation and entertainment center .)衛星能傳輸信息,計算機能儲存信息,電視能顯示信息,把這些手段結合起來可以使每個家庭都成為教育娛樂的中心。 The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .(此句中,非限定性定語從句是對全句進行補充、說明,將全句表達的意思看成"一件事情)。太陽給予大地熱,這就使植物的生長成為可能。 The old man has a son , who is in the army .(此句中,非限定性定語從句是對先行詞son進行補充、說明。但本句所傳達的信息是:"這位老人只有一個兒子" 。如果將此句改寫成限定性定語從句: The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一個在部隊工作的兒子。那麼,限定性定語從句就要對先行詞son進行限定、修飾。這樣一來,句子所傳達的信息就變成了:"這位老人有一個兒子在部隊工作,還有其他的兒子在干別的工作"。)那位老人有一個兒子,他在部隊工作。二、定語從句用法詳細講解 定語從句是由關系代詞和關系副詞引導的從句,其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個成分,定語從句分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種。狀語從句分為時間狀語從句,結果狀語從句,讓步狀語從句,原因狀語從句,條件狀語從句以及行為方式狀語從句。名詞從句包括主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句和同位語從句及there be句型。三、初中定語從句的講解與練習 定語從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語,修飾一個名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,片語或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現在先行詞之後,由關系詞(關系代詞或關系副詞)引出。 關系代詞有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。 關系副詞有:when, where, why等。 18.1 關系代詞引導的定語從句 關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,並在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系
代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。 1)who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語) 2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書 3)which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作賓語) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語 18.2 關系副詞引導的定語從句 關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。 1)when, where, why 關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用,例如: There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎? 2)that代替關系副詞 that可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略,例如: His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。 用關系代詞,還是關系副詞完全取決於從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞後面無賓語,就必須要求用關系代詞;而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I"ll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判斷改錯(註:先顯示題,再顯示答案,橫線;用不同的顏色表示出。) (錯) This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (錯) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (對) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. (對) I"ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關系副詞 where, when聯系在一起。此兩題錯在關系詞的誤用上。
❽ 初三上冊英語第6單元知識點
prefer to do sth 寧願做某事
prefer doing sth 寧願做某事
remind sb of sb/sth 是某人想起....
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
❾ 九年級上冊英語翻譯 第六單元以後的! 大恩不言謝呀!
http://bbs.jxjyzy.com/space/viewspacepost.aspx?postid=42749
❿ 初三英語上冊1-6單元知識點 不要提供書 要現成的
動詞不定式
一. 定義:
動詞不定式是非謂語動詞的一種,它沒有人稱和數的變化,在句子中不能獨立作謂語,但它仍保持動詞的特點,既可以有自己的賓語和狀語。同時動詞不定式又具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特徵,在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語。
二. 動詞不定式的構成:to+動詞原形
三. 動詞不定式作賓語
後面能接不定式作賓語的動詞有:agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。
We hope to get there before dark. 我們希望天黑以前到那兒。
The girl decided to do it herself. 那個姑娘決定自己做那件事。
動詞不定式作賓語的注意事項(2點)
1. 有些動詞既可跟不定式作賓語,也可跟動名詞作賓語,但含義不同:
remember to do 記住要做某事
remember doing 記得曾經做過某事
forget to do忘記要做某事
forget doing 忘記曾經做過某事
stop to do 停下來去做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
go on to do 繼續做另一件事
go on doing 繼續做原來在做的事
I remember seeing you somewhere before.
我記得以前在哪兒見過你。
Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.
離開時請記得關好燈。
2. 不定式作賓語時,如帶有賓語補足語,則要把不定式放到後面,用it作形式賓語,構成「主語+動詞+it+賓補(形容詞、名詞)+不定式」結構。
如:He found it very difficult to get to sleep.
他發現很難入睡。
四. 動詞不定式作賓語補足語
1. 後面能接to不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有:ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。
The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老師要我們做練習一。
I want both of you to go. 我要你們倆去。
We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我們幫助她修理自行車。
2. 使役動詞let, have, make及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不帶to的不定式作賓補。
Let』s have a rest. 我們休息一會吧。
I saw him come in. 我看見他進來了。
感官動詞後既可跟不帶to的不定式作賓補,也可跟v-ing作賓補,前者表示動作的全部過程已結束;後者表示動作正在進行。
I saw him come downstairs.我看見他下了樓。(說明他下樓了這件事)
I saw him coming downstairs.我看見他在下樓。(說明他下樓時的情景)
五. 動詞不定式作狀語
Later he left home to work in different cities. 不久他離開家到不同的城市工作。
He went to see a football match. 他去看足球比賽了。
In order to catch the other students, I must work hard.
為了趕上其他同學,我必須努力學習。
六. 動詞不定式作定語
不定式作定語一般放在所修飾的詞的後面。
I need something to eat.
Do you have something to read?
Tom was so excited that he had no word to say.
He is really a fool only to eat.
The man to stand here just now is our English teacher.
The doctor had no way to save the patient.
注意:
(1)作定語的不定式是由及物動片語成,被修飾的名詞或代詞與不定式之間存在方位或方式關系需要有介詞。
I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一間住房。(方位關系)
We have many things to do experiments with.
我們有許多做實驗的東西(方式關系)
(2)作定語的不定式是由「be + adj + prep」構成的動詞短語。
Here there isn』t any book for me to be interested in.
We have done many things to proud of. 我們做了許多引以自豪的事。
七. 動詞不定式作主語
To give is better than to receive.
To reach there on foot is impossible.
動詞不定式作主語時,可以用it 代替,把實際主語不定式放在後面。
It』s better to give than to receive.
It』s impossible to reach there on foot.
It』s + adj + for sb. to do sth.
It』s not difficult for me to study English well.
It』s easy for him to work out this math problem.
在這個句型中,如果形容詞與不定式的邏輯主語關系密切,並且形容詞用來說明邏輯主語的性質、品質、特點等,由of引出邏輯主語。這類形容詞主要有nice, kind, good, wrong, right等。
八. 動詞不定式和疑問詞連用
動詞不定式可以和疑問詞what, which, how, where, when連用,構成不定式短語,可以作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語等。
How to do is still a question.
Have you decided when to leave?
九. 動詞不定式的否定形式
動詞不定式的否定式是在to前加not;不帶to的不定式則在動詞前加not. 如:
Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 張明要我不要整天呆在家裡。
My mother let me not do it by myself. 媽媽讓我不要獨自做這件事。
被動語態
英語有兩種語態:主動語態和被動語態
主動語態(The Active Voice)表示主語是動作的執行者。
被動語態(The Passive Voice)表示主語是動作的承受者。
構成:承受者+助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者
一般現在時:承受者+助動詞am / is/are +及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者
一般過去時:承受者+助動詞was / were +及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者
承受者+助動詞shall / will be+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者
承受者+助動詞 have/ has been+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者
承受者+ can /may/must/should +be+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者
被動語態用法:
1)當我們不知道動作的執行者是誰,或者沒有必要指出動作的執行者時,需用被動語態。
2)當我們需要強調動作的承受者時,常用被動語態。
3)如果需要說出動作的執行者, 用by引導出動作的執行者。
主動語態變為被動語態時,其謂語動詞的時態要與原句時態保持一致,其謂語動詞的數要與新主語保持一致。
主動語態變為被動語態時有以下幾種情況:
1)主語+謂語動詞+賓語
將主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語。
(主動)We bought a book yesterday.
(被動)The book was bought yesterday.
2)主語+謂語動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語
將主動語態中一個賓語變為被動語態的主語。多數情況下將間接賓語變為主語。如果直接賓語變為主語時,間接賓語前要加介詞to / for。
(主動)He showed me a book yesterday.
(被動)I was showed a book yesterday.
(被動)The book was showed to me yesterday.
3)主語+謂語動詞+復合賓語
含有一個由賓語加賓語補足語構成的復合賓語,變為被動語態時,將主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語,賓語補足語保留不變,成為主語補足語。
(主動)I found him a good pupil. (賓語補足語)
(被動)He was found a good pupil. (主語補足語)
4)短語動詞變為被動語態
有些短語動詞相當於一個及物動詞,其後可以接賓語,因此它們也有被動語態,但短語動詞是不可分割的整體,變為被動語態時不可去掉其後面的介詞或副詞。
(主動)We should look after the patients very well.
(被動)The patients should be looked after very well by us.
5)賓語從句變為被動語態
若主動語態中是賓語從句,變為被動語態時常用it作形式主語,而把真正的主語放在後面。
It』s said that he passed the exam.
被動語態應注意的幾個特殊問題:
(1)不及物動詞帶介詞和介詞賓語,在變為被動語態時,仍然要帶上介詞。
(主動)The students in class listen to the teacher carefully.
(被動)The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.
(2)當動詞帶有復合賓語時,並且賓補是省去「to」的動詞不定式時,在被動語態中應加上「to」。
(主動)They make do all the work.
(被動)We were made to do all the work.
(主動)We often hear her sing English songs.
(被動)She is often heard to sing English songs.
(主動)I see him walk to school.
(被動)He is seen to walk to school.