高一必修三英語第四單元主語從句
『壹』 英語必修三第四單元思維導圖
網路上找到了一個,僅僅只是課文內容思維導圖,語法和單詞等沒找。
『貳』 英語高一 主語從句
主語從句
一、概述:在句子中起名詞作用的各種從句統稱為名詞性從句。根據它們在句中的語法作用,這類從句又可分為主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句和賓語從句。
二、 幾個共性問題:
1.連接方式
(1) 在由連詞that, whether, if引導的名詞性從句中,引導詞在句中不做成分,在賓語從句和表語從句中,that可以省略。
(2) 在由連接代詞who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引導的名詞性從句中,其連接代詞在句中起名詞性作用,擔當一定成分。
(3)在由連接副詞when, where, why, how引導的名詞性從句中,其連接副詞在句中作狀語。
2.whether和if的區別
(1)whether在引導的主語從句中可以置於句首,而if則不能。
(2)whether可以與or not連用,or not可以緊跟在whether之後,也可以置於從句末尾;if一般不能和or not連用。
(3)表語從句、同位語從句和介詞賓語從句(即在系詞be和介詞之後),只能用whether連接,而不用if。
(4)從句是否定式時,一般用if, whether很少用在否定式從句中。
例如:I don』t care if he doesn』t come . 如果他不來,我也不介意。
The problem is whether we can carry out the plan.
問題是我們是否能實施這項計劃。
三、 主語從句
1.主語從句主要有三類:
(1) 由連詞that引導的主語從句。
例如:That you will win the medal seems unlikely.
你想獲得獎牌看起來是不可能的。
That you are so indifferent bothers me.
你如此冷淡使我很煩惱。
That she survived the accident is a miracle.
她在事故中倖免於難簡直是奇跡。
(2) 用連接代詞或連接副詞if, whether 引導的主語從句。
例如: Which of them escaped from the prison is still a mystery.
他們哪一個是從監獄里逃跑的,仍然是個謎。
When they will come hasn』t been made pubic.
他們什麼時候來還不知道。
Whether she is coming or not doesn』t matter too much.
她來不來都無關緊要。
(3) 用關系代詞引導的主語從句。
例如:What you need is more practice.
你所需要的是更多的訓練。
What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是這事。
Whatever we do is to serve the people.
我們無論做什麼都是為人民服務。
主語從句可以直接放在主語位置上,也可以用it作形式主語,
而將從句放在句末(尤其是當謂語較短時)。
例如:That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
光沿直線傳播,這是眾所周知的事。
=It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.
『叄』 英語必修三中u4第一課的it 引導的形賓
下面這篇文章不錯,你看看,可能會對你有幫助
英語句子成分分析
句子是按照一定的語法規律組成的,表達一個完整的意義。一個句子一般由兩部分構成,即主語部分和謂語部分,這兩部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括賓語,定語,狀語,表語等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的組成部分。
1)主語:是一句的主體,是全句述說的對象,常用名詞,數詞或代詞擔任,一般放於句首。如:
Students study. (學生學習。)
We are friends.(我們是朋友)
這兩句話中單詞students是個名詞,we是代詞,它們在句中做主語。
2)謂語:是對主語加以陳述,表示主語的行為或狀態,常用動詞或者動詞片語擔任,放在主語的後面。如:
Students study. (學生學習。)
We are friends. (我們是朋友)
這兩句話中單詞study和are都是動詞,study叫做實意動詞,are叫做be動詞,它們在句中作謂語。
3)賓語:表示行為的對象,常由名詞或者代詞擔任。放在及物動詞或者介詞之後。如:
They are teachers. ( 他們是老師。)
I play with him. (我和他一起玩。)
這兩句話中單詞teachers是名詞,單詞him是帶詞,它們在句中作賓語。
4)定語:是用來說明或者限制名詞的成分,常用形容詞或者相當於形容詞的短語或從句擔任。形容詞放在名詞之前,相當於形容詞的短語或從句放在名詞的後面。如:
This is a red sun.(這是個紅太陽.)
He is a tall boy.(他是個高個子男孩。)
這兩句話中單詞red和 tall都是形容詞,它們作定語。
5)狀語是用來說明動詞,形容詞,副詞或整個句子的成分。常由副詞擔任。修飾動詞時可以放在動詞之前,也可以放在動詞之後;修飾形容詞或副詞時放在它們之前。如:
The students study hard. (這些學生學習努力。)
I often write to him. (我常給他寫信。)
The bag is too heavy. (這個書包太重了。)
這三句話中單詞hard 和often修飾的都是動詞,第三句話中單詞too修飾的是形容詞,它們都作狀語。
6)表語:用來說明主語的性質或狀態。一般由名詞或者形容詞擔任。如:This table is long. (這個桌子是長的。)
通常情況下,主語和賓語前的成分是定語,謂語前的成分是狀語,時間詞作狀語放在句子後面。句子的成分分布如下:
(定語) 主語 (狀語) 謂語 (定語) 賓語 (狀語)
如:(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.
(The happy) child --- went (his) home yesterday.
請分析下面句子的結構說出各個成分
1)I have two elder sisters. (我有兩個姐姐。)
2) They don't swim very well.(他們游泳不太好。)
3) Do you go to school every day (你每天去上學嗎?)
4) I really want a cup of tea.(我真的想要一杯茶。)
5) Miss Smith teaches English very well.(史密斯先生教英語非常好。)
語法其實並沒有一些人想像的那麼可怕,其實裡面有很多趣味。
第一講 英語句子成分
WARM-UP:1)The teacher in the classroom. 2)Sang many songs and danced happily. 3)She attracts. 4)Many people living in the country. 5)All the books on the desk over there.
以上這些形式都不能構成英語句子。
英語句子(sentence)=主語+謂語(核心:主動詞)
英語句子成分歌
英語句子八呀八大塊, 主謂賓表真呀真實在;
補語跟著賓語表語跑, 定語同位(語)專把名詞踹。
狀語的位置它自由自在, 忽右忽左隨心所欲擺。
渾身的毛病真呀真不少, 前後亂竄它還會加塞。(RAP)
I.八大成分的概念和構成
1.主語(名詞代詞形):句子的主體,是謂語陳述,說明的對象。
If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain.
不經歷風雨,怎麼見彩虹。
The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.
成功的秘訣在於從磨練開始,並要堅持不斷磨練。
充當主語的形式:1)名詞2)代詞3)名詞短語4)名詞從句5)數詞6)不定式7)-ing形式8)介詞短語(少見)
形式主語(名詞從句,不定式,動名詞)(見第六講主語和賓語)
2.謂語:表示主語的行為或進行的活動。
I have a dream.
You don』t always want what you need, or need what you want.
所需之物未必皆所欲,所欲未必皆所需。
謂語形式:動詞(英語句子的靈魂)
3.賓語:行為或活動的對象,接受者或受影響者。
You don』t find opportunities…you make them.
你找不到機會。你得去創造機會。
You probably won』t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on.
如果你常開著電視,你就可能聽不到機會的敲門聲。
充當賓語形式:1)名詞2)代詞3)名詞短語4)名詞從句5)數詞6)不定式7)-ing形式
形式賓語(名詞從句,不定式,動名詞)(見第六講主語和賓語)
4.表語:說明主語的身份和情況。(跟在系動詞後)
Time is money.
Three o』clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do.
你想做什麼事,三點鍾總是太早或太遲。
構成形式:1)名詞2)形容詞3)代詞4)數詞5)不定式6)ing形式7)過去分詞8)副詞9)介詞短語10)小品詞11)名詞從句
5.補語:補充說明。(由動詞類別來決定)
構成形式:1)名詞2)代詞3)形容詞4)數詞5)不定式6)-ing形式7)過去分詞8)介詞短語9)副詞小品詞10)名詞從句
主語補語
Tom was made monitor.
賓語補語
I made Tom monitor.
表語補語
I am sure to succeed.
6. 定語:對名詞性形式進行范圍限定。
7. This is beautiful music.
There are only two kinds of music…good and bad.
自古音樂分兩種,好的和壞的。
構成形式:1)限定詞2)形容詞3)名詞4)數詞5)不定式6)-ing形式7)過去分詞8)介詞短語9)副詞10)關系從句
8. 同位語:對被修飾對象進行補充說明或進一步解釋。
Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.
構成形式:1)名詞2)代詞3)名詞短語4)數詞5)不定式6)-ing形式7)名詞從句
9. 狀語:修飾詞,短語,從句和整句。位置:自由自在。
1)修飾性狀語:修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞等(時間,地點,肯定,否定,程度,頻度,方式,伴隨,原因,目的,比較等)。
Can you feel the love tonight
Home never looks so good as when you come back from getting away from it.
只有出走又回家時,家才最感親切。
2)連接性狀語:連接上下文(順序,遞進,轉折,讓步,結果,推論,比較)。
First comes spring, then summer.
I』ve never been to America, therefore I don』t know much about it.
3)評述性狀語:修飾整個句子,表示說話人的看法或態度。
Frankly speaking, the food is not very good.
II.成分關系
1.補語跟著賓語表語跑:
補語跟在賓語和補語的後面構成賓補和表補。把有賓補的句子變成被動語態,則賓補就變成了主補。
To love others makes us happy…to love ourselves makes us lonely.(賓補)
We are made happy to love others…we are made lonely to love ourselves.(主補)
愛他人使我們幸福,在自己使我們孤單。
2.定語,同位(語)專把名詞踹:
定語,同位語修飾名詞性形式
Experience is the best teacher.(被定語所修飾的形式為名詞)
They are going to Melbourne, the beautiful city in southern Australia.(同位語所修飾的形式為名詞)
3.謂語動詞由狀語修飾
When you reach for the stars, you may not quite get one, but you won』t come up with a handful of sand either.
你想摘下天上的星星,可能一個也摘不下;但也不會一無所獲。
1、主語:
(1)由名詞、代詞(人稱代詞用主格)、動詞不定式、動名詞等充當,說明動作是「誰」發出的。如:The painter painted a very nice picture. (畫家畫了一幅漂亮的畫。) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他們勇敢地與非典搏鬥。) / To see is to believe. (耳聽為虛眼見為實). / Helping animals is to help people. (幫助動物就是幫助人類。)
(2)動詞不定式或動名詞做主語時可用it代替,而不定式或動名詞移至表語或賓語之後。如:It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat ring the long journey. (在長途旅行中能有個甲等座位簡直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多對你的身體不利。)
(3)口語中常見主語或「主--系」省略:(It is) nothing. ((那)沒有什麼。)/ (It) doesn』t matter. ((那)沒有關系。) / (I) thank you. ((我)謝謝你。)
(4)反意問句的附加問句,主語必須是代詞:The man looks worried,doesn』t he (這個人看上去很著急不是嗎?) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren』t they (老虎是危險的動物不是嗎?)
(5)祈使句一般省略主語。加主語時往往用來指定某個人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子們請保持鍵盤的清潔。) (省略了主語) / You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去給我弄一杯水來。)
(6)主語一般在句首,但在問句中會處於第二位和句尾;倒裝句及there be句型主語在動詞之後。如:Computers are made in this factory. (計算機生產於這家工廠。) / Where are they (他們在哪兒?) / Does the boy like staying home (這個男孩喜歡呆在家裡嗎?)
(7)主語與謂語必須保持單、復數的一致, 而謂語與表語或賓語之間沒有這一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都沒有通過考試。) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. (中華民族是一個勤勞勇敢的民族。)
(8)主語可以由從句充當,詳見「主語從句」。
2、謂語:
(1)由「不及物動詞」、「及物動詞+賓語」或「系動詞+表語」等構成,說明主語所表示的人物「干什麼」或「怎麼樣」。如:
He travelled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this year(今年誰教你們的英語?) / The pizza has gone bad. (那塊烤餡餅已經變壞。) /
(2)謂語動詞必須反映出人稱、單復數、時態等信息,謂語動詞往往由下列詞語依序排列構成:[情態動詞]+[時態助動詞]+[語態助動詞]+[主要動詞](不一定全部出現)。(見動詞的時態和語態構成表)記住:謂語部分第一個動詞往往是變形動詞。如:
I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. (對不起我發出了太大的聲音但是只能這樣。) / He can』t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能讀完了那本長達800頁的小說。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (該採取措施防止
禽流感蔓延。)
(3)謂語動詞切忌用「行為動詞1 + 原形動詞」、「be + 原形動詞」。
記住使用下列正確形式:
①情態動詞+原形動詞。如:You』d better go over the lesson.(你最好復習這一課。)
②shall/ will/ would+原形動詞。如:They should have been there once.(他們應該去過那兒。)
③be+現在分詞或者過去分詞。如:What are you doing this evening(今晚你打算做什麼?)/ Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.(自從20世紀70年代大批樹木被砍伐。)
④have+過去分詞。如:Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.(意思同上)
⑤一般時問句和否定句中:do/does/did+原形動詞。如:He does not enjoy himself very much.(他日子過的不好。)/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs(你們當中有誰見過恐龍蛋嗎?)
⑥行為動詞1+行為動詞2 (不定式、動名詞、現在分詞、過去分詞等形式)。如:He made up his mind to be a vet.(他拿定主意要做個獸醫。)/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.(自尊自愛是享受生活的根本。)/ They wake up the other family members, calling,「Merry Christmas!」(他們叫醒家庭的其他成員,呼喊著:聖誕快樂!)/ The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.(古代的埃及國王讓人給他們自己修建堅固的墳墓。)
(4)不可用形容詞、名詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語等獨立作謂語,必須在此之前加連系動詞。
(5)謂語動詞單復數形式:單數形式的動詞有:is,was,has,does以及「動詞+s」;復數形式的動詞有:are,were,have以及動詞原形。其他動詞不分單、復數。
謂語部分第一個動詞的形式
單數形式
復數形式
補充:
一般現在時be(是)動詞;
現在某些時態和語態的助動詞be
am (單一); are (單二); is (單三);
are
一般過去時be(是)動詞;
過去某些時態和語態的助動詞be
was (單一); were (單二); was;(單三)
were
一般現在時have(有)動詞;
現在完成時態的助動詞have
have (單一); have (單二); has (單三);
have
一般現在時行為動詞和助動詞do
do (單一、單二); does (單三)
do
實意動詞和連系動詞的一般現在時動詞(否定和疑問句除外)
原形動詞(單一、單二); 動詞+s /es (單三)
原形動詞
其他各時態語態的謂語動詞
單復數形式相同
記住:主語、謂語單復數必須保持一致。(參見「4、名詞或代詞作主語時和謂語之間的單復數的一致問題:」) Air and water is necessary to us all.(空氣和水對於我們大家是必不可少的。)
(6)一般問句和反意問句的回答不使用行為動詞,應該使用「是」動詞、情態動詞、助動詞(be,will,have,do以及變形)。如:The Olympic Games is held every other year, isn』t it ----Yes, it is.(奧運會每兩年舉辦一次,是嗎?----是的。)
3、賓語:
(1) 由名詞、代詞(人稱代詞要用賓格)、不定式、動名詞、(賓語)從句充當,表示動作的承受者是「誰」或者是「何物」。如: The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.(那個天使同樣來到約瑟夫面前並且告訴他同樣的事情。)(代詞和名詞充當兩個賓語) / He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告訴我說公司付不起他那麼多的錢。)(不定式作賓語) / They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons.(他們如此喜愛看足球以至於常常忘記了他們的功課。)(動名詞作賓語) / I think to be a children』s doctor is very rewarding.(我認為當個兒童醫生是很值得的。)(從句作賓語)
(2) 只有及物動詞或介詞才有賓語,不及物動詞沒有賓語,如果涉及到事物,則必須在不及物動詞後面加合適的介詞。Listen to the radio. (listen不是及物動詞,故加to。) / Can you hear anything exciting(你能聽到什麼令人興奮的消息嗎?)
(3) 賓語一般放在及物動詞或介詞的後面,但是在疑問句中,如果賓語是疑問詞,則賓語要放在句首。介詞的賓語如果是疑問詞,則可以放在介詞後或句首。如:What did he see (他看見了什麼?) / What does he write a letter with (他用什麼寫的信?) / With what does he write a letter (他用什麼寫的信?)
(4)「動詞+副詞+賓語」結構中,如果賓語是代詞,則代詞必須放在「動」「副」之間。如:Please put the shoes away. (請把鞋子收起來。) / Please put away the shoes. (請把鞋子收起來。) / Please put them away. (請把它們收起來。)
(5) 動詞後面跟雙賓語時可以採用兩種結構:
①動詞+間接賓語(人)+直接賓語(物)。如:He often gives me some help. (他常常幫我。)
②動詞+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語。注意,一般情況介詞用to,但動詞是make, buy, borrow時,介詞用for.如: Please make me a kite. (請給我做個風箏。)或Please make a kite for me.
(6) 在「動詞+賓語+賓補」結構中,如果賓語是不定式、動名詞、賓語從句,則常用it做形式賓語,而將實際的賓語移到補語後面去。如:I found the job rather difficult. (我發覺這個工作相當難做。) / I found it rather difficult to do the job.
(7) 賓語可以由從句充當,詳見「賓語從句」。
4、表語:
(1) 說明主語的身份、性質、狀況等含義的成分,通常由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、代詞等充當。如:He became a doctor after he left high school.(高中畢業他當上了醫生。) / The rubber wheels are over there.(橡膠輪子在那邊。) / He does not feel like eating anything today because he has caught a bad cold.(他今天不想吃任何東西因為他得了重感冒。) / Who is it(誰呀?)
(2) 表語只能放在連系動詞(如:be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem) 之後,對表語進行提問的句子除外。
(3) 代詞做表語一般用主格,口語中常用賓。如:It』s I. (It』s me.)是我。
(4) 只能作表語的形容詞有:sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等。He was terribly sorry for his carelessness.(他很為他的粗心而歉疚。) / Please make no noise here; the baby is asleep.(請不要發出響動,嬰兒正熟睡呢。) / I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是對獨坐孤舟無所事事感興趣。) / I am not alone in thinking so.(並非只有我才這樣想的。)
(5) 表語也可以由從句充當,詳見「表語從句」。
5、定語:
(1) 修飾名詞或代詞的成分,常由形容詞、名詞(含所有格)、代詞(物主、指示、疑問、不定)、介詞短語、不定式(短語)充當,在初三階段還學習了定語從句做定語的知識。如:Put it in the top drawer.(把它放在最上層的抽屜里。) / France and Switzerland are European countries. (法國和瑞士是歐洲國家。) / His mother and father are both college teachers.(他的父母都是大學教師。) / This is the day that I can never forget in my life.(這是我一輩子難忘的日子。)
(2) 單詞做定語時一般放在被修飾的名詞前面,而且有一定的次序:
冠詞/
物代
年齡/形狀/
大小/溫度
色彩
來源
質地/
材料
目的/
用途
被修飾的名詞(中心詞)
a
the
my
his
…
old,young,…
red,
yellow,
blue,
…
Chinese,
English,
American,
…
wooden,
woolen,
glass,
silk,
paper
…
meeting,
tennis,
sports,
reading,
swimming,
…
box,
shoes,
room,
pig
…
long,short,
round, square…
big, large,
small, little…
hot, cold,
warm, cool…
(3) 時間副詞(now,then,today,yesterday,...)、地點副詞(here,there,back,in,out,home,...作定語時放在被修飾的名詞後面。如:I could not find my way out, so I stayed there all along. (我找不到出去的路,所以就一直呆在那兒。)
(4) 介詞短語修飾名詞時只能放在名詞的後面:The monkey in the cage was caught yesterday. (籠子里的猴子是昨天逮著的。)
(5) 形容詞修飾復合不定代詞時,往往後置。如:He remembered everything unusual. (他記得所有不尋常的事情。)
(6) 定語還可以用從句充當,詳見 定語從句。
(7) 注意:由於定語屬於修飾性的成分,因此它常歸入主語、賓語、表語之中,不作為句子的主要成分。
6、狀語:
(1) 說明動作「何時」、「何地」、「如何」發生,或者說明形容詞或副詞的程度,一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式、狀語從句等充當。如:I was not born yesterday.(我又不是昨天才出世的娃娃。)/ For many of these families a college ecation was something new.(對其中的許多家庭來說,大學教育是件新事物。)/ He woke up to find his house on fire.(他醒來發現房子著火了。) / You cannot leave until your work is finished.(在你的工作被完成以前你不能離開)
(2) 副詞作狀語位置較為靈活,詳見《六·2》「副詞在句子中的位置以及作用」;介詞短語作狀語,位置基本固定,詳見《七·4》「介詞短語在句子中的位置」;不定式作狀語,一般表示目的、結果,詳見《八·7》「動詞的非謂語形式」;從句作狀語,詳見《主從復合句》的「狀語從句」。
(3) 多個狀語相連時,一般先單詞、後短語,先地點、後時間,先小概念、後大概念。如:He went ouf of the room at a quarter to 23:00 last night and then disappeared into the dark.(他昨夜22點3刻從房間里出來,然後消失在黑暗之中。) /
(4) 狀語還可以用從句來充當,有時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結果狀語從句、比較狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、條件狀語從句等。詳見「狀語從句」。
(5) 注意:由於狀語屬於修飾性的成分,常歸入謂語,因此不作為句子的主要成分。
7、賓語補足語:
(1) 補充說明賓語的動作、狀態的成分為賓語補足語,常由名詞、形容詞、動詞非謂語形式(不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞等)、介詞短語等充當。如:Call him Jim, please. (請叫他Jim。) / I tried my best to make him happy. (我竭盡所能讓他開心。) / Ask her to come to dinner tomorrow. (請他明天來。) / He let the smaller animals bring food to him. (他讓小動物們給他帶食物來。)
(2) 部分表示位置、方向的副詞也可以作賓語補足語。如:Let him in, I tell you! (我跟你說,讓他進來!)/ Please put it away. (請把它收起來。)
(3) 不定式或分詞作賓語補足語的情況,「動詞的非謂語形式」相關內容。
『肆』 英語必修三第四單元Reading有那些主語從句
在書的後面可以找下,都有總結,每個單元的語法點都有!!
『伍』 高中英語主語從句
若選擇that,就成來了it做形式主語自that引導主語從句,that從句裡面應該是陳述句,語序就應該如同你說的:the medicine will bring about side effect。而並非題干裡面的語序。意思就成了「這種葯會帶來副作用這還不確定。」
而本題目所想表達的意思是「這種葯會帶來什麼樣的副作用這是不確定的。」所以說,選擇what。
英語題目,有時候就是一詞之差,句意相差很多,多認真分析,就會明白的,加油吧!
『陸』 英語必修三第四單元Astronomy:the science of the stars的原文 急!!!在線等!!
HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH
No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a "Big Bang" that threw matter in all directions.After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.
For several billion years after the "Big Bang", the earth was still just a cloud of st. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when
the st settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in
time to proce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth's atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water
began to appear on its surface.
Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This proced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.
Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. They proced young enerally by laying eggs. After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. However,
65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and proced milk to feed them.
Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. But they are not looking after the earth very well. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
『柒』 外研版高中英語必修三第四單元ThegreenMovement翻譯
亞洲的沙塵暴
幾百年以來,沙塵暴一直是許多亞洲國家面臨的主要災難.科學家嘗試過多種方法解決這個問題,在中國,也發動了群眾運動來對付沙塵暴.
沙塵暴是夾帶沙塵的強烈而乾燥的風.沙塵暴夾帶的沙塵含量常常很大,以致於可以遮天蔽日.風力強大時可以搬動沙丘.世界上沙塵暴發生的四個主要地區是中亞、北美、中非和澳大利亞.來自內蒙的任建波是這樣來描述他小時候遭遇的一次沙塵暴的:
「遇上沙塵暴是一種可怕的經歷,」他說,「你一點辦法也沒有.那是我遭遇過的最可怕、最危險的境況.你只能祈求會活下來.那時候我覺得我會消失在沙塵下.」
中國的西北地區是中亞沙塵暴中心的一部分.沙塵暴發端於沙漠地區.因「荒漠化」越發嚴重,中國近年來發生沙塵暴的次數明顯增加了.這是由於氣候變化和人們伐樹挖草,使土地變成荒漠後產生的一種作用.
沙塵暴有時候會影響北京.居民醒來時,看到昏黃的天空,狂風夾著黃沙在城裡肆虐.暴風有時持續一整天,車輛開得很慢,因為濃濃的塵埃降低了能見度.
中國中央氣象站能在沙塵暴到達北京前幾周預報沙塵暴,但沙塵暴的力量有時很驚人.沙塵暴到來時,氣象專家建議人們不要外出.家住北京的黃小梅說:「在沙塵暴中騎車真可怕.風力很強,呼吸困難,沙塵使人難受.所以不要出門,最好帶上口罩.」
沙漠離北京西境只有250公里.為阻止沙漠的逼近,政府已經開始植樹.政府已經種了300億棵樹,並准備在未來的五年裡繼續種植.
祝你開心如意!
『捌』 高一英語必修三第四單元單詞
模塊一第一單元單詞
1
(不包含帶△符號的單詞)
合計
add up
2 心煩意亂的 upset
3 不理睬 ignore
4 (使)平靜 calm
5 (使)平靜下來 calm...down
6 不得不 have got to
7 (使)擔憂 concern
8 關心 be conecerned about 9 遛狗 walk the dog
10 松的 loose
11 經歷;經受 go through
12 荷蘭 Netherlands
13 德國的 German
14 記下 set down
15 連續;系列 series
16 一連串的 a series of
17 在戶外 outdoors
18 故意 on purpose
19 為了... in order to
20 黃昏:傍晚 sk
21 在黃昏時刻 at sk
22 打雷 thunder
23 整個的 ertire
24 完全地 entirely
25 能力 power
26 面對面地 face to face
27 窗簾 curtain
28 積滿灰塵的 sty
29 不再... no longer\not...any longer 30 夥伴 partner
31 安家\使定居 settle
32 遭受;忍受 suffer
33 遭受
suffer from
34 公路 highway
35 痊癒;恢復 recover
36 對...厭煩 get\be tired of
37 困扎;包裝;小包 pack
38 將(東西)裝箱打包 pack (sth) up
39 手提包 suitcase
40 大衣 overcoat
41 十幾歲的青少年 teenager
42 與...相處;進展 get along with
43 相愛 fall in love
44 確實如此 exactly
45 不同意 disagree
46 感激的;表示謝意的 grateful
47 不喜歡;厭煩 dislike
48 參加;加入 join in
49 提示\傾倒 tip
50 交換 swap
51 項目 item
『玖』 高一英語必修三第四單元reading的翻譯
reading
英 [ˈri:dɪŋ] 美抄 ['ri:dɪŋ]
n.
閱讀; 讀數襲; 宣讀; 讀物
v.
讀( read的現在分詞); 看懂; 理解; 顯示,標明