犯罪的原因英語作文

❶ 為什麼懲罰更容易導致犯罪的英語作文

Punishments authorized in modern U.S. law include community service, monetary fines, Forfeiture of property, restitution to victims, confinement in jail or prison, and death.
Some civil sanctions are punitive in nature. The primary aim, though, in most civil cases is to compensate the victim. However, a judge or jury may assess Punitive Damages against a party in a civil case if that party's conct was especially wicked. Punitive damages are intended to punish a party or set an example for similar wrongdoers. Though onerous, punitive damages in a civil case do not carry with them the same stigma attached to criminal punishment.
Human transgressions have been punished in various ways throughout history. The standard punishments in ancient Greek and Roman societies were death, Slavery, mutilation (Corporal Punishment), imprisonment, or Banishment. Some punishments were especially creative. In ancient Rome, for example, a person who murdered a close relative was enclosed in a sack with a cock, a viper, a dog, and a monkey, and then cast into the sea.
The ancient punishments were brought to England. Until the nineteenth century, the death penalty, or Capital Punishment, was imposed in England for more than 200 different crimes. Most of these crimes were petty violations, such as pick-pocketing or swindling. A defendant could be hanged, burned at the stake, or beheaded. In some cases the process of death was drawn out. A person found guilty of Treason, for example, was placed on a rack and stretched, hanged until not quite dead, then disemboweled, beheaded, and quartered (cut into four pieces).
Until the nineteenth century, corporal punishment in England could consist of whipping, branding, or the cutting off of a body part. Noses, ears, hands, fingers, toes, and feet were all subject to removal for criminal acts. Often the body part sliced off was the part thought responsible for the act. A pickpocket, for example, might have a hand cut off, and a spy might lose an ear, tongue, or eye. Corporal punishment could be inflicted in addition to other punishments, such as banishment, forced labor, or short-term incarceration.
The American colonies adopted and cultivated the traditional punishments of England. The most common punishments were corporal and capital. Petty criminals were often sentenced to a combination of corporal punishment and incarceration in jail for several months. The punishment for more serious crimes was usually death.
Punishment was the most comprehensive and severe in colonies founded on religious principles. In Massachusetts, controlled by the Puritans, a woman who committed Altery could be forced to wear the letter A in public as a punishing reminder of her conct. Men who committed altery were put to death, as were those who engaged in bestiality.
The witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts, illustrated the inventiveness of punishment in some of the colonies. In 1692, 19 people were executed after children claimed that several women were practicing witchcraft. One of the alleged witnesses, who refused to participate in the trials, was slowly pressed to death under the weight of heavy rocks.
Theories of Punishment
Governments have several theories to support the use of punishment to maintain order in society.
Theories of punishment can be divided into two general philosophies: utilitarian and retributive. The utilitarian theory of punishment seeks to punish offenders to discourage, or "deter," future wrongdoing. The retributive theory seeks to punish offenders because they deserve to be punished.
Under the utilitarian philosophy, laws should be used to maximize the happiness of society. Because crime and punishment are inconsistent with happiness, they should be kept to a minimum. Utilitarians understand that a crime-free society does not exist, but they endeavor to inflict only as much punishment as is required to prevent future crimes.
The utilitarian theory is "consequentialist" in nature. It recognizes that punishment has consequences for both the offender and society and holds that the total good proced by the punishment should exceed the total evil. In other words, punishment should not be unlimited. One illustration of consequentialism in punishment is the release of a prison inmate suffering from a debilitating illness. If the prisoner's death is imminent, society is not served by his continued confinement because he is no longer capable of committing crimes.
Under the utilitarian philosophy, laws that specify punishment for criminal conct should be designed to deter future criminal conct. Deterrence operates on a specific and a general level. General deterrence means that the punishment should prevent other people from committing criminal acts. The punishment serves as an example to the rest of society, and it puts others on notice that criminal behavior will be punished.
Specific deterrence means that the punishment should prevent the same person from committing crimes. Specific deterrence works in two ways. First, an offender may be put in jail or prison to physically prevent her from committing another crime for a specified period. Second, this incapacitation is designed to be so unpleasant that it will discourage the offender from repeating her criminal behavior.
Rehabilitation is another utilitarian rationale for punishment. The goal of rehabilitation is to prevent future crime by giving offenders the ability to succeed within the confines of the law. Rehabilitative measures for criminal offenders usually include treatment for afflictions such as mental illness, chemical dependency, and chronic violent behavior. Rehabilitation also includes the use of ecational programs that give offenders the knowledge and skills needed to compete in the job market.
The counterpart to the utilitarian theory of punishment is the retributive theory. Under this theory, offenders are punished for criminal behavior because they deserve punishment. Criminal behavior upsets the peaceful balance of society, and punishment helps to restore the balance.
The retributive theory focuses on the crime itself as the reason for imposing punishment. Where the utilitarian theory looks forward by basing punishment on social benefits, the retributive theory looks backward at the transgression as the basis for punishment.
According to the retributivist, human beings have free will and are capable of making rational decisions. An offender who is insane or otherwise incompetent should not be punished. However, a person who makes a conscious choice to upset the balance of society should be punished.
There are different moral bases for retribution. To many retributivists, punishment is justified as a form of vengeance: wrongdoers should be forced to suffer because they have forced others to suffer. This ancient principle was expressed succinctly in the Old Testament of the Judeo-Christian Bible: "When a man causes a disfigurement in his neighbour … it shall be done to him, fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth…."
To other theorists, retribution against a wrongdoer is justified to protect the legitimate rights of both society and the offender. Society shows its respect for the free will of the wrongdoer through punishment. Punishment shows respect for the wrongdoer because it allows an offender to pay the debt to society and then return to society, theoretically free of guilt and stigma.
A third major rationale for punishment is denunciation. Under the denunciation theory, punishment should be an expression of societal condemnation. The denunciation theory is a hybrid of Utilitarianism and retribution. It is utilitarian because the prospect of being publicly denounced serves as a deterrent. Denunciation is likewise retributive because it promotes the idea that offenders deserve to be punished.
The U.S. conception of punishment is a combination of the utilitarian, retributive, and denunciation theories. The most widely accepted rationale for punishment in the United States is retribution. If convicted, the sentence a defendant receives is always, at least in part, a form of retribution.
A sentence may, however, combine utilitarian ideals with retribution. For example, a defendant sentenced to prison for several years is sent there to quench the public's thirst for vengeance. At the same time, ecational programs inside the prison reflect the utilitarian goal of rehabilitation.
Our legal system shows its adherence to utilitarian ideals in the creation of systems such as pretrial diversion programs,Probation, and Parole. These systems seek to limit punishment to the extent necessary to protect society. The utilitarian philosophy is also reflected in the assignment of different punishments for different crimes and in the notion that the amount of punishment a convicted criminal receives should be in proportion to the harm caused by the crime. For example, murder calls for imprisonment or even the death penalty. A simple Assault and Battery with no serious injuries is usually punished with a short jail sentence or probation and a fine.
Judges generally have the discretion to fashion punishment according to the needs of both society and the defendant. This is an expression of utilitarian tenets. However, judicial discretion in sentencing is limited. In some cases statutes require judges to impose mandatory minimum prison sentences as punishment, and these laws stand as a monument to the retributive theory.

❷ 有關犯罪的英語作文

青少年犯罪
On Juvenile Delinquency

青少年是祖國的未來希望，正確引導青少年的人生觀和培養造就一批21世紀的棟梁之才是立足當前著眼未來的一件於秋大事。
Young boys and girls are the future of our country. It is an unremmitting task of great significance that we properly guide our youths, ecate and train them so that they form a sound outlook of life and become the pillar of the state in the 21century.

然而，當前青少年違法犯罪率在直線上升，這不僅直接危害了青少年本人和其家庭，給社會治安帶來不穩定因素，而且關繫到祖國的前途和命運，因此，如何預防青少年違法犯罪刨設良好的社會環境就成為擺在我們面前的一項重大課題。
However, there has been a sharp increase in juvenile delinquency, which means great harm not only to the youngsters and the families concerned but also to the destiny and prospects of our nation. For this reason, it is a topic of great importance as to how we can create a sound social environment for the young, thus preventing them from committing transgression and crimes.

青少年違法的主要原因有以下四個方面
1社會原因。2家庭原因。3學校原因。4心理生理原因。
What constitutes the four major factors leading to juvenile delinquency the society, families, schools and the psychological phsiological conditions of the youths.

而我們需要做的是1、強化家庭教育功能，明確家庭教育責任。There is really much we can do.In the first place, we should strengthen the function and responsibility of family ecation.

2、學校要大力推行素質教育和養成教育，做到教書育人。
Secondly, schools should carry out plans of ecation for students' all round development with equal attention of teaching and cultivating.

3、加強法制教育，增強自我防範意識。
Thirdly, law ecation and precautionary alertness should be enhanced.

4、嚴厲打擊浸害未成年人合法權義的犯罪分子,獎勵知法、守法的模範。
Last but not least, criminals infringing upon the legal rights of the minors should be severely punished and models knowing and abiding by the law awarded.

❸ 犯罪產生的原因和解決方法是什麼英文版

犯罪產生的原因和解決方法
Causes and solutions of crime

❹ 校園犯罪的英語作文

Juvenile crime, in law, refers to various offenses committed by children or youths under the age of 18. Such acts are sometimes referred to as juvenile delinquency. Children's offenses typically include delinquent acts, which would be considered crimes if committed by alts, and status offenses, which are less serious misbehavior such as truancy and parental disobedience. Both are within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court. More serious offenses committed by minors may be tried in criminal court and be subjected to prison sentences.

❺ 關於犯罪的英語作文

Computer crime can broadly be defined as criminal activity involving an information technology infrastructure, including illegal access (unauthorized access), illegal interception (by technical means of non-public transmissions of computer data to, from or within a computer system), data interference (unauthorized damaging, deletion, deterioration, alteration or suppression of computer data), systems interference (interfering with the functioning of a computer system by inputting, transmitting, damaging, deleting, deteriorating, altering or suppressing computer data), misuse of devices, forgery (ID theft), and electronic fraud.

Internet enables person-to-person communication is closer, faster. Ancient, live in Dongguan of you wanted to wrote to Beijing of relatives, that will to letter climb mountain wading with horse sent past, less is a months, more is a years; in modern, you can playing calls, but price expensive, also cannot transfer file or pictures; now, has has Internet, we can through QQ, and E-mail, way with distance of relatives communication, with United States of customer contact, chat a hours is just spent 1 Yuan around, and also can with video phone, people and people Zhijian of distance on became increasingly near has. However, the Internet also has a lot of bad places, it transformed, becomes best weapons to criminals. Criminals use the Internet to this vast and virtual world, to carry out criminal activities. They dressed in protective clothing of the Internet so that people can see their ugly heart. Newspapers often reported "QQ cheated on a woman was killed in XX", this is a hard fact. In addition, there are many "hacker", they spread the virus everywhere, so that greatly reced the speed of the Internet, seriously blocked the Internet highway. More abominable is some unscrupulous Web sites on the Internet pictures, words such as pornography, violence, serious harm to people's hearts. In today's society, the Internet gives us a limitless expanse of land, in this land growing on you and friends and do not make this land abandoned, let it work out great fruit!

❻ 關於網路犯罪的英語作文

the booming development of internet,the computer has brought us the greatest convenience than ever before and make the mankind's lives easier.However,every coin has two sides.Computer crime has also become a social problem that cannot be ignored.
There are many forms of computer crimes,such as online gamble,obscene movies,theft and attacks by hackers,internet fraud and so on.These crimes caused huge loss to people's property and health.
Those who are addicted into the gamble,not only lose every penny earned in the past but also lose love from their family.Divorce is inevitable in the end.Obscene movies,as a kind of spirit drug,have brought health damage to many young people and lead them to actual crimes such as rape and robbery even murder.

In order to strike the computer crimes,the laws should be made by our nation to return severe penalty to those who open online gambling club,post blue films and internet thieves.And those who disclose the computer crimes should be rewarded.

❼ 求一篇為何犯罪現象增多英語作文，幫忙搜刮一下。注意看題。。

用在線翻譯就行了，網上搜

❽ 一篇有關歷史人物犯罪的英語作文

Sun Yat-sen [1], former Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925). Great Chinese democratic revolution the modern times forerunner , revolution banner , revolutionist , statesman , theoretician. Be addressed respectfully as the Father of a nation. Graate in Hong Kong Western medicine academy of classical learning in 1892. Going to Honolulu to be founded may to overthrow , pledges in being popular. Revolution group such as in 1905 allying self with the Hua Xing meeting , recovering meeting in Japan is set up Chinese Chinese Revolutionary League , is pushed for Prime Minister. In 1911 the Chinese Revolution of 1911 queen is elected as provisional President of Republic of China by seventeen provinces representatives. But the day is not ready from person, this for the generation great man who is concerned with motherland safety and danger still avenges a grievance eventually. "Revolution is not yet successful , the comrade still needs making great efforts ".

❾ 求一篇英語作文：犯罪產生的原因

Some of the animals and birds in the rainforest, such as monkeys and
woodpeckers, live in the treetops. They are always swinging and flying from one
tree to another looking for food among the leaves and branches. They even sleep
in the treetops so they do not have to come down to the ground.
Have you heard that such animals and birds in the rainforests are in danger?

❿ 尋找談論犯罪的英語作文

How to rece crime rates and rece crime in English writing?