民主英語作文

① 民主英文怎麼讀

democracy

英 [dɪ'mɒkrəsɪ]
美 [dɪˈmɑkrəsi]
n. 民主(可數名詞)

② 誰最早將英文Democracy翻譯為漢語「民主」

Democracy這個概念中國原本來沒有，所以非源常難譯，最初人們把它直接音譯為「德謨克拉西」。五四時提出的口號「德謨克拉西先生」和「賽因斯先生」，就是直接用音譯來稱呼「Democracy」和「Science」。1919年初陳獨秀在《新青年》上撰文說「我們現在認定只有（德先生和賽先生）這兩位先生，可以救治中國政治上、道德上、學術上、思想上一切的黑暗」。
有的學者指出，王芝在其1872年版的《海客日譚》中，用「民主」一詞來翻譯「Democracy」這可能是把「民主」與Democracy建立起關系的最早嘗試。

③ 高分！！！煩請幫忙尋找關於選民與代表、選舉、民主的英文資料，謝謝！

選舉（selection 中國古代選舉）是由統治者來選擇統治者，或者說是以「賢」選「賢」（「賢」不含褒貶義），即還是通過少數來選擇少數，但它又是被相當強韌地客觀化和制度化了的，不以個人的意志和慾望為轉移。它是一種自上而下的選擇。它從理論上雖說也是幾乎所有人都不被排斥在外，但實際上卻總是只有很少數人參加或被選，甚至只有少數人參加，更少人被選才能順利運作，參與者或被選者不是選他人，而實際是自己被選或自薦，最後或者是通過他人的推薦， 或者是通過客觀的考試而被選中。選中者自然是一批人，而非一個人，他們亦非成為最高決策者，而只是成為君主制下的官員或者獲得任官資格。競選者所依憑的主要是體現在個人自身的德行、才能、名望、族望，或者文化修養，每次的被選中者也不構成一個統一的集團而仍是一些個別的人，每次選舉也不帶來國家政策上的改變，而只是為統治階層輸送新血。所以，它總是精英的，從形式到實質都是少數人的一種活動。它的選擇標準是受到某種先定的實質內容的限制的，它也不涉及到傳統國家和政府合法性的根本基礎，但它為社會提供了一種穩定的、可以合理預測的期望，對社會資源的分配、社會分層的確立以及個人地位的變遷意義至關重大。
2、選舉（election 現代選舉 ）是一種具有公認規則的程序形式，人們據此而從所有人或一些人中選擇幾個人一個人擔任一定職務。《布萊克維爾政治學網路全書》「election」詞條的作者巴特勒（D.E.Butler）指出：該詞源於拉丁語動詞「eligere」（意為「挑選」），雖然起源甚早，但現代含義上的、作為民主前提的自由和普遍的選舉，其歷史實際上只有兩個世紀。按科特雷（J.Cotteret）與 埃梅里（C.Emeri）的意見，現代的「選舉」（election）可以被定義為有種種程序、司法的和具體的行為構成的一個整體，其主要目的是讓被統治者任命統治者。又邁克爾·曼主編的《國際社會學網路全書》的「選舉」詞條說，選舉是較大的群體為自己提供一個較小的領導群體的一種方法。我們或許可以說：現代選舉是以「多」選「少」，以「眾」選「賢」（「賢」不含褒貶義），即通過多數來選擇實施統治的少數。現在大多數國家和地區都執行選舉制度。
3選舉是民主的主要形式，民主很大程度上要靠選舉來實現，但選舉並非民主的唯一形式，把選舉等同於民主是一種機械的理解。為了標榜民主而把有關的一切程序和活動都規定為選舉的形式，實際上又不能真正實行，其後果可能導致民主流於形式而失去實質，成為假民主。
民主的本質應是人民大眾有充分的決定權，而決定權既可以用「肯定」即選舉來行使，也可以用「否定」即罷免來行使。只要這兩種決定權有一種得到真正行使，就是有充分的民主。
具體而言，就是各級人民代表大會和基層村民委員會的代表由選舉產生，但各級人民政府的負責人不一定由選舉產生，而是由上級政府任命，但受本級人大的監督和考核。所任命的政府負責人要每年向本級人大進行年度述職匯報工作，人大可隨時對其彈劾罷免，能否留任由人大進行信任投票來決定，考核合格通過信任投票的才能留任，被留任的在任期屆滿時才能平調或升遷；考核不合格的由人大予以免職，只能待崗或降職任用，不得升遷，免職造成的空缺由上級重新任命。 （當然，為了增加人大的「政治能量」，使其能與政府博弈，需要允許他們自辦報紙、發表觀點，需要允許人大直選，需要縮小人大代表數量）
這種任命權和罷免權相分離的方式不同於選舉，但也可以充分體現民意，所以是民主的有效形式。這種方式符合國家統一、政令暢通的要求，符合一黨執政、黨管幹部的要求，適合現實國情，能夠使民主和集中得到有機結合，易於實行且效率高，因此是社會主義初級階段實行充分民主的最恰當的方式，是當前政治體制改革的關鍵。
4.選舉是起源於古希臘的政治制度，她是民主的一種表現形式。現代的選舉則起源於英國選舉，她的發展同經濟基本同步，隨著工業革命的發展，選舉在英國，甚至全球范圍內得到了迅猛的發展，從選舉人到被選舉人，逐步擴大了范圍，到了1962年，英國的選舉已普及到了所有成年人（政治犯除外）．雖說她的存在總認為是民主的重要表現，但也有不少的人提出了質疑，選舉的結果總不如人們所設計的那樣完美，相反，"賄選"、「多數人的暴政」等的詞彙足以見得人們選舉存在的嚴重的缺陷，而這缺陷有好像是不可避免。

④ 誰最早將英文Democracy翻譯為漢語「民主」

陳獨秀。

「德先生和賽先生」這一名詞是在新文化運動時期提出一大重要口號。內在1919年五四運動期間容，熱血青年高舉「民主」和「科學」兩大旗幟,向封建禮教以及封建專制思想猛烈開火,並由此走向與工農相結合的道路.現在北大校園里還有「德先生」和「賽先生」的雕塑。就是當時歷史背景下的產物。提出人物——陳獨秀。

(4)民主英語作文擴展閱讀

「德先生和賽先生」即「民主和科學」這一口號，是資產階級宣揚民主，反對封建專制，把斗爭矛頭直指封建專制的理論支柱儒家思想；宣揚科學，反對封建迷信和愚昧。

這一口號反映了中國社會發展的要求和人民的迫切需要，有力地推動了新文化運動的發展。但這一口號仍屬於資產階級舊民主主義性質，有它階級和時代的局限性，它不能同群眾運動相結合，不能用歷史唯物主義觀點看待中國文化和西方文化，因而不能從根本上推翻封建思想。

⑤ 民主 民治 民享 英文

民主：democracy
民治：government by the people
民享：for the people（林肯著名的《葛底斯堡演說》的內容，「民有（the government of the people）民治版（by the people） 民享」權(for the people)

我覺得「民治」譯成「government by the people」更能體現出本來的意思啊……

希望能有幫助哈~

⑥ 關於黑人民主英語作文

Every one of us is black Africa,they are minorities of western imperialism in the americas,from Africa to conquer the ordinary people.In 1492,Spanish explorers Columbus discovered America announced a "new" and immediately began to conquer and genocide,for robbing a piece of gold,each at the village to kill the indians.Then is from Africa,continuous movement of the slave trade for hundreds of years,until the 19th century middle didn't stop,millions of African slaves from Africa major western region.Modern historians investigation in Africa "slave",when the country coast has been completed by the social construction,islamic ChuanJianBaoLi western colonism and genocide.

⑦ 民主法治、公平正義、誠信友愛、充滿活力、安定有序、人與自然和諧相處英文版

Democracy and rule of law is fully carry forward the socialist democracy, the basic strategy of rule of law has been effectively implemented, all positive factors widely mobilized;
Justice is the interests of all sectors of society are well coordinated, contradictions among the people and other social contradictions are dealt with properly, social fairness and justice has been effectively maintained and achieved;
Honesty is the whole of society help each other, honesty and trustworthiness, equality and fraternity of all peoples, and harmony;
Dynamic is the ability to make all efforts concive to social progress and create desire to be respected, creative activities to be supported to create to get to play, be sure to create results;
Stability and order is the social organization mechanisms, improve social management, social order and good people live and work, maintain social stability and unity;
Harmonious coexistence between man and nature is the development of proction and living well off.

⑧ 求一篇關於racism的英文作文，要4個page..越快越好 謝謝拉！

The terrible toll of racism in the U.S.

By Sharon Smith | March 19, 2004 | Page 7

HALF OF all Black men in New York City can』t find a job, while Black teenage unemployment stands at 37 percent nationwide. These statistics show a crisis among Black Americans that should be setting off alarm bells in election year 2004.

Yet even John Kerry, the candidate whose party』s voting base includes the vast majority of Blacks, has issued barely a sound bite. This should come as no surprise, since Black lives, Black votes and Black rights have been devalued since the Founding Fathers.

The original U.S. Constitution permitted slavery and counted Black slaves as three-fifths of white persons in determining both Congressional representation and taxation, embedding racism in the very foundation of U.S. society. The institution of slavery was abolished only through Civil War, a bloody second American Revolution that cost at least 600,000 lives.

But racism outlived slavery and flourished for the next 100 years in the form of Jim Crow segregation, in which the majority of states, from North Dakota to Texas to California, made it a crime for Blacks to intermingle with whites in all walks of life--from hospitals to cemeteries, lunch counters to phone booths, military service to marriage.

Jim Crow segregation laws were challenged and finally struck down only because of a massive civil rights struggle stretching over more than two decades, from the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott to the fight to enforce court-ordered school desegregation in the 1970s. But de facto segregation continued, North and South, while accusations of "reverse racism" and Black "welfare dependency" emanated from the political establishment, injecting racism with new life in the post-civil rights era.

Politicians from both the Democratic and Republican Parties scrambled to appear "tough on crime," embracing the so-called war on drugs, which tripled the prison population between 1980 and 1995. Two-thirds of those who entered the prison system ring that period were Black, Latino or poor, and the vast majority of them were nonviolent drug offenders.

Today, with the prison population swollen to more than 2 million, African Americans make up just 12 percent of the U.S. population and only 13 percent of drug users, yet account for 35 percent of drug arrests and 53 percent of drug convictions. Blacks are also 43 percent of those on death row.

Last year, the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics estimated that 30 percent of 12 year-old Black boys will spend time in jail in their lifetimes--far more than will attend college. And because many states have laws denying present and former inmates the right to vote, an estimated 13 percent of all Black men--including one in every three in Alabama and Florida--have been disenfranchised.

Racism, not criminal records, explains the high unemployment rate for Black men today. A recent Wall Street Journal report showed that in the city of Milwaukee, a white job applicant with a criminal record has a better chance of being called for an interview than a Black man with no criminal record.

"The disadvantage carried by a young Black man applying for a job as a dishwasher or a driver is equivalent to forcing a white man to carry an 18-month prison record on his back," concluded reporter David Wessel. And only racism can explain these statistics:

-- Segregation in public schools, which decreased continuously from the 1950s to the late 1980s, has now returned to levels not seen in three decades.

-- Black infants are almost two-and-a-half times more likely than white infants to die before the age of one, a wider gap than in 1970.

-- In 2002, 79 percent of Blacks aged 25 and older were high school graates, compared with 30 percent in 1968. Yet the typical Black household had a net worth of just $19,000, compared with $121,000 for whites.

More than 200 years since slavery was written into the U.S. constitution, its racist legacy remains--and the words of abolitionist Frederick Douglass remain true: "Without struggle, there can be no progress." Only a struggle that shakes the foundation of U.S. society can end racism.

中文意思是：
那可怕的人數在美國的種族主義

一半的男性黑人在紐約找不到一份工作,而黑棋十幾歲的失業站在37%覆蓋全國。這些統計數據顯示,美國黑人危機中應燃放警鍾,在選舉2004年。

然而,即使約翰·克里,候選人的黨的投票基地包括絕大多數的黑人,頒發了差不多一聲咬人。這應該來,一點也不令人訝異,因為黑色的生活,黑人選票和黑色的權利受到貶值自開國元勛。

原美國憲法允許奴隸制和計算的黑人奴隸的五分之三的人作為美國國會在確定白色代表和稅收、包埋種族主義的美國社會的根本基礎。廢除奴隸制的機構而言,只有通過內戰,一場血腥的第二次美國革命,花至少60萬的生活。

奴隸制度和種族主義後,但接下來的100年的繁榮的形式,吉姆烏鴉偏析大多數的州,從北達科他州到德克薩斯州到加州,使其成為犯罪行為的黑人與白人混入各行各業的——從醫院向墳場,午餐櫃台電話展位,軍事服務到婚姻。

吉姆烏鴉隔離法和挑戰,終於發現了下來,只是因為大規模的民權斗爭拉伸二十多年來,從1955年蒙哥馬利巴士抵制運動向戰斗執行幾個學校種族隔離在20世紀70年代。但事實上的隔離繼續,北部和南部,而「反種族歧視的指控「福利依賴」和「黑色的起源地從政治的設立、注入新生命的種族主義post-civil權利的時代。

政客民主黨和共和黨兩黨炒出現「嚴厲」融入到犯罪,所謂的毒品戰爭,這是三倍於1980年和1995年監獄人口之間。三分之二的w

呵呵找了半天給你找到的 雖然不是 我寫的 但是寫的還不錯

⑨ 英語作文和翻譯

MAO zedong's visit
A man should pass many things, but some fleeting, some deep-rooted, shall not forget, but time is longer, the increasingly deep impression, such as this is the shaoshan.

MAO zedong's visit, is the purpose of the trip. MAO zedong's former residence is a mud brick houses, leaning against the lotus pond, clear and bamboo, is the common ordinary farmyard housing, inside of small wood, kerosene lamps, etc, all cooking simple and beautiful. Here, surrounded by green pine and bamboo around, gloomy biddings. This is the world of MAO zedong, is born it as "the sun rises, is the" revolutionary "holy"! When we visited the former residence, out of sight, the eyeful is green, the nature of the breath that we relaxed, let us enjoy the holy spirit and years of memory. A great leader, chairman MAO zedong though, but he's already far-away dale forever, he always be in our hearts had16).

The founding of the communist party of China eighty years. Eighty years ago, China is in the night FengYuRuPan, in the dark powers, aggression, warlords, political corruption, indeed, national destiny in jeopardy. At this time, people have longed to have a strong political power, and a great man to lead the people into power high-road prosperous. The communist party of China is in this context, MAO zedong was founded in this age of birth. 80 years, we walked very ordinary course, have setbacks, error, but nobody can deny, achievement is huge, performance is brilliant. In chairman MAO as core under the leadership of the central committee, and lead the Chinese people made democratic revolution victory. Make us from a state of China into a prosperous China.

Comrade MAO zedong's greatest historical merit, is the basic principles of marxism-leninism with China's concrete practice, has created a combined with marxist-leninist revolutionary theory and revolutionary armed style, the communist party of China, our party and people's leadership after 28 years of painstaking struggle to find a new-democratic revolution, the correct path in China's overturned the pressure head of the "three big mountains", complete the task of anti-imperialist and anti-feudal sealing, established in China in 1949. Chinese people have stood up from. Then he from China's reality, began to explore the socialist construction of roads, continue to push forward development history of China. Despite twists and turns in the exploration of even a serious mistakes are, but under the leadership of the party, we establish suitable for China's national conditions in the basic socialist system based on efforts to find suitable for China's national conditions, the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the road, the great cause of socialism constantly from success.

Comrade MAO zedong's marxist, is of great proletarian revolutionist, strategist and theorists. In the long years of revolution and construction, with him as a representative of the Chinese communist party, established MAO zedong thought. We insist on MAO zedong thought correctly and as an integral whole, to grasp the essence of it, it is a living soul, we persist in seeking truth from facts, the mass line and independent. MAO zedong thought is marxism-leninism in the application and development of China, is the crystallization of the wisdom of communist party of China. MAO zedong thought is the Chinese communists theory and the spirit of the Chinese nation, is always our country's construction of socialist modernization.

My heartfelt thanks to FuJinZhuiXi, chairman MAO, thanks to the communist party. If not, they will have our happy life today, today's reform and opening-up. If no chairman MAO, the communist party, won't we have now university life. In the whole series of MAO zedong's visit the activities in the process, we visit former chairman MAO wrote his old man's house, and his beginning, dale, deeply feel the great communist the happy life today, their posterity.

As an ordinary student, born in peace, the party in the red, more should be aware of their responsibilities to their more, should put the aim of serving the people in the first place, and now as a student, we first is to learn, to serve the people.

A day of shaoshan swam over. This day let me many benefits. I feel better understanding of the great man. A great man is not he got for himself, but for others to do something. He is a great man, a big hero of adoration million, and is a husband, a father and a son, a simple life of the ordinary people with poor, maybe just such an ordinary foil gives him the unusual, chairman of the image from a great man has become my mind is a kind old man. Finally, I still want to end as chairman of poetry "heroes still see today!" Students work hard, let us work together to become tomorrow's romantic!
參觀毛澤東故居
一個人要經過許多事情，有的轉瞬即逝，有的卻刻骨銘心，永世難忘，而且時間過得越長，印象就愈加深刻，比如這次上韶山。

參觀毛澤東故居，是此行的目的。毛澤東故居是一座泥磚的平房，背倚蒼松翠竹，面臨清澈荷塘，是南方常見的普普通通的農家住房，裡面的小木床、煤油燈、土爐灶等，一切都朴實而清幽。這里依山傍水，環山圍繞，青松鬱郁，翠竹婆娑。這就是世界偉人毛澤東誕生之地，是人們把它譽為「紅太陽升起的地方」，是革命的「聖地」!當我們參觀完故居，走出故居，展現眼前的是滿眼綠色，大自然的氣息使我們心曠神怡，讓我們領略到「聖地」靈氣和歲月的記憶。偉大領袖毛澤東主席雖然已遠逝，但他的豐功偉績永存，他的音容笑貌永遠留在我們心中。

中國共產黨成立八十四年了。八十年前，中國正處在風雨如磐，長夜難明的黑暗年代，列強侵略，軍閥混戰，政治腐敗，民不聊生，國家命運岌岌可危。在這個時候，人們多麼渴望有一個堅強的政治力量，一個偉人能夠領導中國人民走向強國富民的康莊大道。中國共產黨就是在這種背景下成立的，毛澤東就是在這個時代下誕生的。80年來，我們走過了極不平凡的歷程，有過挫折，有過失誤，但誰也無法否認，成就是巨大的，業績是輝煌的。在以毛主席為核心的黨中央領導下，帶領全國人民取得了民主革命的勝利。使我們從一個一窮二白的舊中國變為一個繁榮富強的新中國。

毛澤東同志最偉大的歷史功績，是把馬克思列寧主義基本原理同中國具體實際結合起來，締造了一個用馬克思列寧主義革命理論和革命風格武裝起來的中國共產黨，領導我們黨和人民，經過28年艱苦卓絕的斗爭，找到了一條新民主主義革命的正確道路，推翻了壓在中國人民頭上的「三座大山」，完成了反帝反封的任務，在1949年建立了新中國。中國人民從此站起來了。接著，他又從中國實際出發，開始探索社會主義建設的道路，繼續推動中國歷史向前發展。盡管在探索中有曲折甚至有嚴重失誤，但是在黨的領導下，我們在建立適合中國國情的社會主義基本制度的基礎上，努力尋找適合中國國情的社會主義建設的道路，有中國特色社會主義偉大事業不斷從勝利走向勝利。

毛澤東同志是偉大的馬克思主義者，是無產階級革命家、戰略家和理論家。在長期的革命和建設中，以他為代表的中國共產黨人，創立了毛澤東思想。我們要堅持毛澤東思想，要完整地准確地把握它的精神實質，把握它的活的靈魂，堅持實事求是、群眾路線、獨立自主。毛澤東思想是馬克思列寧主義在中國的運用和發展，是中國共產黨集體智慧的結晶。毛澤東思想永遠是中國共產黨人的理論寶庫和中華民族的精神支柱，永遠是我們建設社會主義現代化國家的行動指南。

撫今追昔，我由衷地感謝毛主席，感謝共產黨。如果沒有它們，就不會有我們今天的幸福生活，就沒有今天的改革開放。如果沒有毛主席、共產黨，就不會有我們現在的大學生活。在這次全系參觀毛澤東故居的活動過程中，我們瞻仰毛主席故居，重溫他老人家寫下的字字句句，緬懷他的豐功偉績，深切地感到共產黨的偉大、今天幸福生活的來之不易。

作為一名普通學生，生在和平年代，在黨的紅旗下成長，更應該清醒地認識到自己肩負的責任，更應該把為人民服務的宗旨放在首位，而現在做為學生的我們，首要的就是學習，掌握為人民服務的本領。

短短的一天韶山游結束了。這一天讓我獲益頗多。我覺得自己更進一步的了解了這位偉人。一個人之所以偉大不是他為自己得到了什麼，而是為別人做了些什麼。他不但是偉人，一個萬人敬仰的大英雄，而且是一個丈夫，一個父親，一個兒子，一個簡單過著清貧生活的平凡人，也許正是這樣一種平凡襯托出了他的不平凡，此時主席已從一位偉人的形象變成了我心目中一個和藹可親的老人了。最後我還是想以主席的詩詞作為結尾：「數風流人物還看今朝！」同學們努力吧，讓我們共同努力成為今朝的風流人物！