華佗英語介紹初中
① 華佗英文簡介
Hua Tuo is a famous physician of the Han Dynasty who is so widely respected that his name and image adorn numerous procts (e.g., as a brand name for acupuncture needles and for medicated plasters) and a set of frequently used acupuncture points (called Hua Tuo Jiaji, see Appendix). He is known for the early qi gong exercise set known as the frolics of the five animals, in which one imitates the actions of tigers, deer, bears, apes, and birds; these practices were later incorporated into various health promoting martial arts practices, such as taijiquan. His name is always mentioned in relation to surgery, as he was considered the first surgeon of China, and one of the last famous surgeons of ancient China. He has been compared, in this regard, to Jivaka of India, who lived at the time of Buddha (about 500 B.C.) and was renowned for surgery, but had no significant successors until the modern era when surgery was reintroced by Western doctors (4).
Legends of Hua Tuo's work are mentioned in historical novels, such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Taiping's Comprehensive Anthology of Stories. It was a tradition in the past that when a patient had recovered e to the efforts of a competent physician, the family would present a congratulatory board to the doctor inscribed with the words: A Second Hua Tuo.
Hua Tuo was born around 110 A.D., in Qiao of Peiguo (today called Haoxian or Bo) county, in what is now Anhui Province, one of the four major herb distribution centers of modern China. He lived for about 100 years, having died around 207 A.D. He was an older contemporary of China's famous herbalist Zhang Zhongjing, who died around 220 A.D. In the Chronicles of the Later Han Dynasty, it is said that: "Knowing well the way to keep one in good health, Hua Tuo still appeared in the prime of his life when he was almost 100, and so was regarded as immortal." It is said that Cao Cao, ruler of the state of Wei, had Hua Tuo put to death for reasons that are unclear. Cao Cao summoned him to serve as his personal physician, and either became enraged with Hua Tuo's hesitancy to return again later to provide more treatments or suspected an assassination attempt when Hua Tuo suggested brain surgery as a treatment for his severe headaches. According to the Records of the Wei Dynasty (Wei Zhi), Cao Cao had Hua Tuo killed in 207 A.D. at age 97. Cao Cao's second son, Cao Pi (187-226 A.D.), became Emperor of the Wei Dynasty, taking over China upon the forced abdication of Emperor Xian; China then collapsed into chaos, and Cao Pi was left only a few years rule of Wei, the northern kingdom of the "three kingdoms" that resulted from the breakdown.
According to the limited existing reports of his life, it is said that Hua Tuo studied and mastered various classics, especially those related to medical and health measures, but also astronomy, geography, literature, history, and agriculture, when he was young. He was stimulated to pursue a career in medicine after seeing so many people die of epidemics, famines, and injuries from wars (Zhang Zhongjing also mentioned the epidemics as leading him to undertake medicine as a career). His father had died when Hua Tuo was seven. His family lived in poverty and his mother wanted him to pursue a career. So, he walked hundreds of kilometers to Xuzhou to access all the medical classics retained there and learned from a famous physician named Cai. He studied tirelessly while practicing medicine, and became expert in several fields, including acupuncture, gynecology, pediatrics, and surgery. For the latter, he invented various herbal anesthetics. One, known as numbing powder (Mafai San), was taken with alcohol before surgery. His ancient prescriptions are lost, but the ingredients are thought to include cannabis and datura, which had been recorded later, ring the Song Dynasty, as an anesthetic.
Two specific cases of abdominal operations were relayed in Hua Tuo's official biography:
A patient who went to Hua Tuo was told: 'Your disease has been chronic, and you should receive an abdominal operation, but even that could lengthen your life by not more than ten years.' The patient, being in great pain, consented to the surgery and was cured immediately, but he died exactly ten years later.
A patient who suffered from abdominal pain for more than 10 days and had depilation of his beard and eyebrows asked Hua Tuo for treatment. The doctor diagnosed him as having a deterioration in the abdomen, asked him to drink the anesthesia, then explored his abdomen and removed the deteriorated part, sutured and plastered the abdomen, and administered some herbs. The patient recovered after 100 days.
The latter story is believed to be a treatment of acute appendicitis. In the Wei Zhi (5), it was reported that for intestinal diseases Hua Tuo "would cut them out, wash them, sew up the abdomen, and rub on an ointment; the illness would remit if four to five days." There is also the story of general Guan Yu, whose arm was pierced by a poisoned arrow ring a battle; General Guan calmly sat playing a board game as he allowed Hua Tuo to clean his flesh down to the bone to remove necrosis, with no anesthetic. This event is a popular historical subject in Chinese art.
Hua Tuo has been called the "miracle working doctor" (also translated as divine physician; shenyi) because of his emphasis on using a small number of acupuncture points or small number of herbs in a prescription to attain good results. Some sayings have been attributed to him; for example, in advocating that people exercise to stay healthy, he said: "The body needs exercise, but it should not be excessive. Motion consumes energy proced by food and promotes blood circulation so that the body will be free of diseases just as a door hinge is never worm eaten." Being an accomplished Taoist (Anhui was the birthplace also of the legendary Taoist founders Laozi and Zhuangzi) and following its principles, he did not seek fame or fortune, though much praise was heaped upon him. He served as a physician in what are now Jiangsu and Shandong Provinces adjacent to his home Province of Anhui, and turned down offers for government service.
It is said that Hua Tuo wrote several books, but none of them has been handed down, so his teachings remain largely unknown. One story is that while in prison awaiting his death, Hua Tuo handed over his works, collectively referred to as the Book of the Black Bag, to the prison ward and asked him to help save people's lives with his medical books, but the warden dared not accept it, and Hua Tuo burned it. Another story is that the warden took the volume home, but that his wife, afraid of the trouble it might bring them, burned it. Either way, the lasting story is that his written teachings went up in smoke. It is thought that some of Hua Tuo's teachings have been preserved within other books that came out in subsequent centuries, such as the Pulse Classic, Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold, and Medical Secrets of an Official. An existent book was ascribed to him, but it has been determined to be from a much later writer; it was translated to English under the title Master Hua's Classic of the Central Viscera (Zhong Zang Jing), with the unsubstantiated claim that only one of Hua's scrolls was burned and this came through unscathed (6). Similarly, a book called Prescriptions of Surgery was attributed to Hua Tuo, but is believed to have been compiled at least a century or two after his death (7).
Despite Hua Tuo's reputation in the field, the loss of his works resulted in the first monographs on surgery being erroneously attributed to others. There were many short documents proced ring the time from the end of the Han Dynasty through the 5th century, of which one survives, called Liu Junzi's Mysterious Remedies. Like the other documents of this time, it mainly focused on lancing of carbuncles and cleaning out deep ulcers, as well as some other superficial surgeries, not the abdominal surgery that Hua Tuo is said to have done.
Hua Tuo had several disciples, including Wu Pu, Fan E, and Li Dang, all of whom were excellent physicians. They also practiced qi gong, acupuncture, herbal medicine, and other things learned from Hua Tuo. It is said that Wu Pu wrote an herb guide and that Fan lived to be over 100, thanks to the exercises he practiced regularly.
② 用英語介紹華佗
Hua Tuo is a famous physician of the Han Dynasty who is so widely respected that his name and image adorn numerous procts (e.g., as a brand name for acupuncture needles and for medicated plasters) and a set of frequently used acupuncture points (called Hua Tuo Jiaji, see Appendix). He is known for the early qi gong exercise set known as the frolics of the five animals, in which one imitates the actions of tigers, deer, bears, apes, and birds; these practices were later incorporated into various health promoting martial arts practices, such as taijiquan. His name is always mentioned in relation to surgery, as he was considered the first surgeon of China, and one of the last famous surgeons of ancient China. He has been compared, in this regard, to Jivaka of India, who lived at the time of Buddha (about 500 B.C.) and was renowned for surgery, but had no significant successors until the modern era when surgery was reintroced by Western doctors (4).
Legends of Hua Tuo's work are mentioned in historical novels, such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Taiping's Comprehensive Anthology of Stories. It was a tradition in the past that when a patient had recovered e to the efforts of a competent physician, the family would present a congratulatory board to the doctor inscribed with the words: A Second Hua Tuo.
Hua Tuo was born around 110 A.D., in Qiao of Peiguo (today called Haoxian or Bo) county, in what is now Anhui Province, one of the four major herb distribution centers of modern China. He lived for about 100 years, having died around 207 A.D. He was an older contemporary of China's famous herbalist Zhang Zhongjing, who died around 220 A.D. In the Chronicles of the Later Han Dynasty, it is said that: "Knowing well the way to keep one in good health, Hua Tuo still appeared in the prime of his life when he was almost 100, and so was regarded as immortal." It is said that Cao Cao, ruler of the state of Wei, had Hua Tuo put to death for reasons that are unclear. Cao Cao summoned him to serve as his personal physician, and either became enraged with Hua Tuo's hesitancy to return again later to provide more treatments or suspected an assassination attempt when Hua Tuo suggested brain surgery as a treatment for his severe headaches. According to the Records of the Wei Dynasty (Wei Zhi), Cao Cao had Hua Tuo killed in 207 A.D. at age 97. Cao Cao's second son, Cao Pi (187-226 A.D.), became Emperor of the Wei Dynasty, taking over China upon the forced abdication of Emperor Xian; China then collapsed into chaos, and Cao Pi was left only a few years rule of Wei, the northern kingdom of the "three kingdoms" that resulted from the breakdown.
According to the limited existing reports of his life, it is said that Hua Tuo studied and mastered various classics, especially those related to medical and health measures, but also astronomy, geography, literature, history, and agriculture, when he was young. He was stimulated to pursue a career in medicine after seeing so many people die of epidemics, famines, and injuries from wars (Zhang Zhongjing also mentioned the epidemics as leading him to undertake medicine as a career). His father had died when Hua Tuo was seven. His family lived in poverty and his mother wanted him to pursue a career. So, he walked hundreds of kilometers to Xuzhou to access all the medical classics retained there and learned from a famous physician named Cai. He studied tirelessly while practicing medicine, and became expert in several fields, including acupuncture, gynecology, pediatrics, and surgery. For the latter, he invented various herbal anesthetics. One, known as numbing powder (Mafai San), was taken with alcohol before surgery. His ancient prescriptions are lost, but the ingredients are thought to include cannabis and datura, which had been recorded later, ring the Song Dynasty, as an anesthetic.
Two specific cases of abdominal operations were relayed in Hua Tuo's official biography:
A patient who went to Hua Tuo was told: 'Your disease has been chronic, and you should receive an abdominal operation, but even that could lengthen your life by not more than ten years.' The patient, being in great pain, consented to the surgery and was cured immediately, but he died exactly ten years later.
A patient who suffered from abdominal pain for more than 10 days and had depilation of his beard and eyebrows asked Hua Tuo for treatment. The doctor diagnosed him as having a deterioration in the abdomen, asked him to drink the anesthesia, then explored his abdomen and removed the deteriorated part, sutured and plastered the abdomen, and administered some herbs. The patient recovered after 100 days.
The latter story is believed to be a treatment of acute appendicitis. In the Wei Zhi (5), it was reported that for intestinal diseases Hua Tuo "would cut them out, wash them, sew up the abdomen, and rub on an ointment; the illness would remit if four to five days." There is also the story of general Guan Yu, whose arm was pierced by a poisoned arrow ring a battle; General Guan calmly sat playing a board game as he allowed Hua Tuo to clean his flesh down to the bone to remove necrosis, with no anesthetic. This event is a popular historical subject in Chinese art.
Hua Tuo has been called the "miracle working doctor" (also translated as divine physician; shenyi) because of his emphasis on using a small number of acupuncture points or small number of herbs in a prescription to attain good results. Some sayings have been attributed to him; for example, in advocating that people exercise to stay healthy, he said: "The body needs exercise, but it should not be excessive. Motion consumes energy proced by food and promotes blood circulation so that the body will be free of diseases just as a door hinge is never worm eaten." Being an accomplished Taoist (Anhui was the birthplace also of the legendary Taoist founders Laozi and Zhuangzi) and following its principles, he did not seek fame or fortune, though much praise was heaped upon him. He served as a physician in what are now Jiangsu and Shandong Provinces adjacent to his home Province of Anhui, and turned down offers for government service.
It is said that Hua Tuo wrote several books, but none of them has been handed down, so his teachings remain largely unknown. One story is that while in prison awaiting his death, Hua Tuo handed over his works, collectively referred to as the Book of the Black Bag, to the prison ward and asked him to help save people's lives with his medical books, but the warden dared not accept it, and Hua Tuo burned it. Another story is that the warden took the volume home, but that his wife, afraid of the trouble it might bring them, burned it. Either way, the lasting story is that his written teachings went up in smoke. It is thought that some of Hua Tuo's teachings have been preserved within other books that came out in subsequent centuries, such as the Pulse Classic, Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold, and Medical Secrets of an Official. An existent book was ascribed to him, but it has been determined to be from a much later writer; it was translated to English under the title Master Hua's Classic of the Central Viscera (Zhong Zang Jing), with the unsubstantiated claim that only one of Hua's scrolls was burned and this came through unscathed (6). Similarly, a book called Prescriptions of Surgery was attributed to Hua Tuo, but is believed to have been compiled at least a century or two after his death (7).
Despite Hua Tuo's reputation in the field, the loss of his works resulted in the first monographs on surgery being erroneously attributed to others. There were many short documents proced ring the time from the end of the Han Dynasty through the 5th century, of which one survives, called Liu Junzi's Mysterious Remedies. Like the other documents of this time, it mainly focused on lancing of carbuncles and cleaning out deep ulcers, as well as some other superficial surgeries, not the abdominal surgery that Hua Tuo is said to have done.
Hua Tuo had several disciples, including Wu Pu, Fan E, and Li Dang, all of whom were excellent physicians. They also practiced qi gong, acupuncture, herbal medicine, and other things learned from Hua Tuo. It is said that Wu Pu wrote an herb guide and that Fan lived to be over 100, thanks to the exercises he practiced regularly.
③ 英語簡介,初中生水平
I'm Mary.I'm a middle school student.I like animals very much.Such as:rabbite,cat,dog,monkey.But,all of them,I like rabbit best.
First,I think it's very lovely.Second,It's very quiet.It's no longer make noise.At last,I think It's kind to people.It's peoples' good friend.So I like it.
I think It's necessary for us to protect the animals.They are our really good friends.Don't hurt them.They are kind.
整自整80個詞。。。加分吧。。。謝謝。。。
④ 用英語簡介華佗100詞左右
Hua Tuo was a Chinese physician who lived ring the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. The Records of Three Kingdoms and Book of Later Han record Hua as the first person in China to use anesthesia ring surgery. He used a general anesthetic combining wine with a herbal concoction called mafeisan ("cannabis boil powder"). Besides being respected for expertise in surgery and anesthesia, Hua Tuo was famous for his abilities in acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal medicine, and medical Daoyin exercises. He developed the Wuqinxi ("Exercise of the Five Animals") from studying movements of the tiger, deer, bear, monkey, and crane.
⑤ 寫一篇關於華佗的英語作文
樓上的那位太長了額···前面的部分就好了額···
A PIONEER IN MEDICINE
(Hua Tuo)
Hua Tuo was a famous doctor who lived 1,700 years ago ring the Three Kingdoms Period. He not only read widely but travelled extensively in his medical practice. His keen powers of observation, tireless penchant for research and ability to accurately sum up his experiences enabled him to perfect his healing art ceaselessly.
⑥ 華佗的介紹(中文英文對照)
華佗(145年 - 208年),字元化,沛國譙縣(今安徽亳州市)人,東漢末年著名的醫師。與董奉、張仲景史稱為「建安三神醫」。
生平
早年游學徐土,兼通數部經書。沛相陳圭曾經舉他為孝廉,太尉黃琬也曾辟舉他,但華佗都不為所動。在鄉村行醫,因醫術精湛,名氣漸大,因而有很多人到來求醫。
曹操知道華佗醫術了得,而自己又頭風病嚴重,特意召其為待醫。但華佗離家太久,思念家人,便說要回家取葯方,向曹操請假。回家後,又不想回到曹操身邊,便稱妻子患病,過期不返,曹操多次書信召回,又要求郡縣遣回華佗,但華佗厭惡曹操行事,所以都不肯回去。
208年,曹操大怒,派人前去考察,發現華佗之妻原來是詐病,便將華佗收獄。荀彧向曹操求情,但曹操不從。華佗臨死前,給了獄吏一卷醫書, 但獄吏怕犯罪不願接受,華佗也不強求,將它燒了。後被殺,死時六十三歲。有兩名徒弟吳普與樊阿。
特徵
華佗一生行醫濟世,精通內科、外科、婦科、兒科、針灸等。特點是用葯少,只用幾味葯而已;執葯隨手抓出,不用稱量。針灸也只是針一兩處。下針前對病人說∶「當引某許,若至,語人」(針感會到某個部位,若你感覺到了就告訴我),病人說:「巳到」,便拔針,不久病便會好。
如針葯都不能醫治,就給病人用酒服麻沸散,飲後有如麻醉,然後施手術,再縫合傷合,擦下葯膏,四、五日後創愈,一月就已平復。但麻沸散與外科手法已經失傳。
華佗也曉得養性之術,年紀雖大,但仍有壯容。他模仿虎、鹿、熊、猿、鳥的動作,創造了五禽戲,他的學徒吳普一直學習,年至九十多歲,耳目仍然聰敏,牙齒完整。
病例
在《三國志》中有十六則病例,《華佗別傳》中有五則,其他文獻中五則,共二十六則病例。
評價
三國志評曰:「華佗之醫診,杜夔之聲樂,朱建平之相術,周宣之相夢,管輅之術筮,誠皆玄妙之殊巧,非常之絕技矣。昔史遷著扁鵲、倉公、日者之傳,所以廣異聞而表奇事也。故存錄雲爾。」
荀彧:「佗方術實工,人命所懸,宜加全宥。」
人們多用神醫華佗稱呼他,後世又以「華佗再世」、「元化重生」稱譽有傑出醫術的醫生。
質疑
國學大師陳寅恪認為,華佗本身就是個神話故事,而且他的病例原型來自於印度佛教傳說。這個故事與「曹沖稱象」一樣,都是印度的舶來品。華佗這個人可能真有其人,但他的醫學傳奇是虛構的。
當然,也有人反對陳寅恪的觀點,認為華佗確實是中國的神醫。
Huà Tuó was a famous Chinese physician ring the Eastern Han and Three Kingdoms era. He was the first person to perform surgery with the aid of anesthesia, some 1600 years before the practice was adopted by Europeans. He did this by first feeding the patient with wine mixed with a herbal concoction before carrying out the operation. It is said he looked like "a saint who had passed the gates of this life", and was "a man with the complexion of a youth and a snowy beard".
One of the most respected physicians in China's history, he was also one of the first physicians to devise exercises to enhance health. He developed a series of exercises based on the movements of five animals (tiger, deer, bear, ape, and crane) known as wuqinxi, or "Frolics of The Five Animals." (五禽戲)
He was introced to Sun Ce by Dong Xi. Huá Tuó healed Sun Ce's general Zhou Tai who had suffered great injuries to rescue Sun Quan. He used drugs which healed Zhou Tai by the end of the month and was rewarded richly.
Huà Tuó was later called upon to cure a chronic and excruciating pain in Cáo Cāo's head, which turned out to be a brain tumour. Huà Tuó told Cáo Cāo that to cure him, he would have to open up his skull to remove the tumour. Cáo Cāo thought Huà Tuó had the intention of killing him by opening his skull. This was e to his fear of surgeons after Ji Ping, a former royal surgeon, attempted to assassinate him as part of Dong Cheng's girdle plot. Huà Tuó was jailed and ordered to death by Cáo Cāo. Legend has it that Huà Tuó gave his medicine booklet, the Qīng Náng Shū (青囊書), in which were recorded various ways to treat patients, to a prison officer before his execution; however, the wife of the prison officer burned the booklet out of fear of being implicated and only two pages of Huá Tuó's works were left. This loss to Traditional Chinese Medicine was irreplaceable. There is also a set of 34 paravertebral acupuncture points named in his honor, the "Huà Tuó Jia Ji." In some versions of Huà Tuó's death, however, it was said that he died of illness and was filled with agony to his last moment at not being able to cure his own sickness even though he was a doctor.
In later times Hua Tuo is often worshipped as a god of medicine or a medicine immortal in Daoist temples. Huà Tuó's name is often used synonymously with "miracle worker doctor" (神醫) in China. A particularly skilled doctor is often called "Huà Tuó Revived". (華佗再世)
In fiction
In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Huà Tuó healed Guan Yu, who had been struck with a poisoned arrow ring his attack on Fancheng. Huà Tuó offered to anesthetize Guan Yu so that the operation would not hurt, but Guan Yu simply laughed and said that he was not afraid of pain. So Huà Tuó cut the flesh from Guan Yu's arm, then scraped the poison from the bone with a knife. The noise generated chilled all who were present to the bone, but through all this treatment, Guan Yu continued to play go (a board game) with Ma Liang as if uninjured and without flinching from pain. When quizzed by Ma, Guan said that he had done so to keep the morale of the army high. After Huà Tuó cured Guan Yu he was rewarded with a rich banquet. Guan Yu wanted to present him with one hundred ounces of gold, but he refused, saying that a doctor's ty was to cure his patients, and not for the purpose of profit. In actual history, however, Hua Tuo died long before Guan Yu fought in the battle of Fancheng.
⑦ 求一篇初中英語的自我介紹
hello,everyone. (大家好)
. very glad to be here.(非常高興能來到這里給大家發言)
my name is ###, and i am ** years old.(我的名字是###,今年××歲了)
now i am a ___school student.(我現在是一名……學生)
my favourite subject is English . and i like sports very much . (我最喜歡的科目是英語,而且我很喜歡運動)
English brings lots of fun . and sports makse me happy .(英語帶給我很多樂趣,而且運動使我快樂)
i like this sentence:「 nothing is impossible。」(我最喜歡的一句話就是:一切皆有可能。)
so i always try my best to do everything well,and never give up easily.(所以我每一次總是盡力做好每一件事情,從來都不輕易說放棄)
so this is me ,i hope to make friends with you all.(這就是我,我希望和大家都能成為朋友。)
thank you for listening!(謝謝大家的聆聽!)
⑧ 介紹華佗英語版的
Hua Tuo (died c. 208) was a Chinese physician who lived ring the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history . The Records of Three Kingdoms and Book of Later Han record Hua as the first person in China to use anesthesia ring surgery. He used a general anesthetic combining wine with a herbal concoction called mafeisan (麻沸散lit. "cannabis boil powder"). Besides being respected for expertise in surgery and anesthesia, Hua Tuo was famous for his abilities in acupuncture , moxibustion , herbal medicine , and medical Daoyin exercises. He developed the Wuqinxi (五禽戲"Exercise of the Five Animals ") from studying movements of the tiger, deer, bear, monkey, and crane. Hua Tuo (died c. 208) was a Chinese physician who lived ring the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history . The Records of Three Kingdoms and Book of Later Han record Hua as the first person in China to use anesthesia ring surgery . He used a general anesthetic combining wine with a herbal concoction called mafeisan (麻沸散lit. "cannabis boil powder"). Besides being respected for expertise in surgery and anesthesia, Hua Tuo was famous for his abilities in acupuncture , moxibustion , herbal medicine , and medical Daoyin exercises. He developed the Wuqinxi (五禽戲"Exercise of the Five Animals ") from studying movements of the tiger, deer, bear, monkey, and crane.
⑨ 華佗的英文資料
華 佗
東漢未年在我國誕生了三位傑出的醫學家,史稱「建安三神醫」。其中,董奉隱居廬山,留下了膾炙人口的杏林佳話;張仲景撰寫《傷寒雜病論》,理法謹嚴,被後世譽為「醫聖」;而華佗則深入民間,足跡遍於中原大地和江淮平原,在內、外、婦、兒各科的臨證診治中,曾創造了許多醫學奇跡,尤其以創麻沸散(臨床麻醉葯)、行剖腹術聞名於世。後世每以「華佗再世」、「元化重生」稱譽醫家,足見其影響之深遠。
華佗,字元化,出生在東漢未年豫州沛國譙縣(今安徽毫縣)的一個普通士族家庭,約生於漢沖帝永熹元年(公元145年),卒於漢獻帝建安十三年(公元208年)。
華氏家族本是一個望族,其後裔中有一支定居於譙縣以北十餘里處一個風景秀麗的小華庄。至華佗時家族己衰微,但家族中對華佗寄託了很大的期望。從其名、字來看,名「佗」,乃負載之意,「元化」是化育之意。華佗自幼刻苦攻讀,習誦《尚書》、《詩經》、《周易》、《禮記》、《春秋》等古籍,逐漸具有了較高的文化素養。
在華佗成長的過程中,除受到中原文化的熏陶外,盛產葯材的家鄉也給他以不少的影響。譙縣出產多種葯材,如「毫芍」、「毫菊」,早已聞名天下。再加水陸交通較為發達,所以譙縣自古就是一個葯材的集散中心。至今在毫縣的通衢大街上,中葯材貨棧比比皆是。幼年的華佗在攻讀經史的同時,也留心醫葯,當地父老傳說他曾在泥台店一帶讀書養性,學醫識葯。
在封建社會里,讀書人大多以出仕做官為榮。而華佗則不然,他選擇了一條完全不同的人生道路,終身以醫為業,矢志不移。他青少年時期,正值東漢桓帝、靈帝之際,外戚宦官交替專權,朝綱不正,政出私門,賣官鬻爵,賄賂公行。對百姓敲骨吸髓,瘋狂榨取,人民陷入了深重的苦難之中,華佗目睹官場之腐敗和蒼生之苦難,決心棄絕仕途,以醫濟世。當時朝廷中的一些有識之士,對華佗的品行、學識很為賞識,太尉黃琬要徵辟他為官,華佗謝絕了,沛相也薦舉華佗為孝廉,對此他也婉言謝絕了。這充分表明了華佗志向的堅定和品德的高尚。
華佗行醫,並無師傳,主要是精研前代醫學典籍,在實踐中不斷鑽研、進取。當時我國醫學已取得了一定成就,《黃帝內經》、《黃帝八十一難經》、《神農本草經》等醫學典籍相繼問世,望、聞、問、切四診原則和導引、針灸、葯物等診治手段已基本確立和廣泛運用;而古代醫家,如戰國時的扁鵲,西漢的倉公,東漢的涪翁、程高等,所留下的不慕榮利富貴、終生以醫濟世的動人事跡,所有這些不僅為華佗精研醫學提供了可能,而且陶冶了他的情操。
在華佗多年的醫療實踐中,他非常善於區分不同病情和臟腑病位,對症施治。一日,有軍吏二人,俱身熱頭痛,症狀相同,但華佗的處方,卻大不一樣,一用發汗葯,一用瀉下葯,二人頗感奇怪,但服葯後均告痊癒。原來華倫診視後,已知一為表證,用發汗法可解;一為里熱證,非瀉下難於為治。又有督郵頓某,就醫後自覺病已痊癒,但華佗經切脈卻告誡說:「君疾雖愈,但元氣未復,當靜養以待完全康復,切忌房事,不然,將有性命之慮。」其時,頓妻聞知夫病已經痊癒,便從百里外趕來看望。當夜,頓某未能慎戒房事,三日後果病發身亡。另一患者徐某,因病卧床,華佗前往探視,徐說:「自昨天請醫針刺胃管後,便咳嗽不止,心煩而不得安卧。」華佗診察後,說:「誤矣,針刺未及胃管,誤中肝臟,若日後飲食漸少,五日後恐不測。」後果如所言而亡。某郡守患疑難症,百醫無效,其子來請華佗,陳述病情,苦求救治。華佗來到病人居室,問訊中言語輕慢,態度狂傲,索酬甚巨,卻不予治療而去,還留書謾罵。郡守原已強忍再三,至此大怒,派人追殺,蹤跡全無。憤怒之下,吐黑血數升,沉痾頓愈。原來這是華佗使用的一種心理療法,利用喜、怒、優、思等情志活動調理機體,以愈其疾。
華佗對民間治療經驗十分重視,常吸取後加以提煉,以治療一些常見病。當時黃疸病流傳較廣,他花了三年時間對茵陳蒿的葯效作了反復試驗,決定用春三月的茵陳蒿嫩葉施治,救治了許多病人。民間因此而流傳一首歌謠:「三月茵陳四月蒿,傳於後世切記牢,三月茵陳能治病,五月六月當柴燒」。華佗還以溫湯熱敷,治療蠍子螫痛,用青苔煉膏,治療馬蜂螫後的腫痛;用蒜畝大酢治蟲病;用紫蘇治食魚蟹中毒;用白前治咳嗽;用黃精補虛勞。如此等等,既簡便易行,又收效神速。
中年以後,華倫因中原動亂而「游學徐土」。徐州是江淮重地,有郡、國六,下轄六十二個城、邑,人口二百餘萬,首府為彭城(今江蘇徐州)。民間傳說他就住在彭城附近的沛國(今江蘇沛縣)。其實華佗的行醫足跡,遍及當時的徐州、豫州、青州、兗州各地。根據他醫案中所及地名查考,大抵是以彭城為中心,東起甘陵(今山東臨清)、鹽讀(今江蘇鹽城),西到朝歌(今河南淇縣),南抵廣陵(今江蘇揚州),西南直至譙縣(今安徽毫縣),即今江蘇、山東、河南、安徽等省廣大地區,方圓達數百平方公里。在行醫的同時,為了采葯他還先後到過朝歌、沛國、豐縣(今江蘇豐縣)、彭城卧牛山、魯南山區和微山湖。由於行蹤地域廣闊,又深入民間,華佗成了我國歷史上民間傳說眾多的醫家。
就這樣,經過數十年的醫療實踐,華佗的醫術已達到爐火純青的地步。他熟練地掌握了養生、方葯、針灸和手術等治療手段,精通內、外、婦、兒各科,臨證施治,診斷精確,方法簡捷,療效神速,被譽為「神醫」。對此,《三國志》、《後漢書》中都有一段內容相仿的評述,說他善於養生(「曉養性之術,時人以為年且百歲而貌有壯容」),用葯精當(「又精方葯,其療疾,合湯不過數種,心解分劑,不復稱量,煮熟便飲,語其節度,捨去輒愈」),針灸簡捷(「若當針,亦不過一、兩處,下針言,『當引某許,若至,語人』,病者言『已到』,『應便拔針,病亦行差』」),手術神奇(「刳剖腹背,抽割積聚」、「斷腸滴洗」)。所留醫案,《三國志》中有十六則,《華佗別傳》中五則,其他文獻中五則,共二十六則,在先秦和兩漢醫家中是較多的。從其治療范圍看,內科病有熱性病、內臟病、精神病、肥胖病、寄生蟲病,屬於外、兒、婦科的疾病有外傷、腸癰、腫瘤、骨折、針誤、忌乳、死胎、小兒瀉痢等等。
正當華佗熱心在民間奉獻自己的精湛醫術時,崛起於中原動亂中的曹操,聞而相召。原來曹操早年得了一種頭風病,中年以後,日益嚴重。每發,心亂目眩,頭痛難忍。諸醫施治,療效甚微。華佗應召前來診視後,在曹操胸椎部的鬲俞穴進針,片刻便腦清目明,疼痛立止。曹操十分高興。但華佗卻如實相告:「您的病,乃腦部痼疾,近期難於根除,須長期攻治,逐步緩解,以求延長壽命。」曹操聽後,以為華佗故弄玄虛,因而心中不悅,只是未形於色。他不僅留華佗於府中,還允許他為百姓治病。公元208年,曹操操縱朝政,自任丞相,總攬軍政大權,遂要華佗盡棄旁務,長留府中,專做他的侍醫。這對以醫濟世作為終身抱負的華佗來說,要他隔絕百勝,專門侍奉一個權貴,自然是不願意的。何況,曹操早年為報父仇,討伐徐州的陶謙,坑殺徐州百姓數萬人,屍體壅塞,泗水為之不流,接著又連屠取慮、夏丘諸縣,所過「雞義亦盡,墟邑無復行人」。徐州是華佗後期行醫和居住之地,與百姓休戚與共,內心豈不憤慨!因而決心離開曹操,便託故暫回家鄉,一去不歸。曹操幾次發信相召,華佗均以妻病為由而不從。曹操惱羞成怒,遂以驗看為名,派出專使,將華佗押解許昌,嚴刑拷問。面對曹操的淫威,華佗堅貞不屈,矢志不移。曹操益怒,欲殺華佗。雖有謀士一再進諫,說明華佗醫術高超,世間少有,天下人命所系重,望能予以寬容,但曹操一意孤行,竟下令在獄中處決。華佗臨死,仍不忘濟世救民,將已寫好的《青囊經》取出,交獄吏說:「此書傳世,可活蒼生。」獄吏畏罪,不敢受書。華佗悲憤之餘,只得將醫書投入火中,一焚了之。後來,曹操的頭風病幾次發作,諸醫束手,他仍無一絲悔意,還說,「佗能愈吾疾,然不為吾根治,想以此要挾,吾不殺他,病亦難愈。」直到這年冬天,曹操的愛子曹沖患病,諸醫無術救治而死,這時曹操才悔恨地說:「吾悔殺華佗,才使此兒活活病死。」
華佗一生有弟子多人,其中彭城的樊阿、廣陵的吳普和西安的李當之,皆聞名於世。為了將醫學經驗留傳於後世,華佗晚年精心於醫書的撰寫,計有《青囊經》、《枕中灸刺經》等多部著作,可惜不傳。
是中文的哦~~
沒有找到英文的,抱歉嘍~~`