初中英語賓語從句教案

A. 賓語從句備課教案，學的部分該怎樣設計

一.認知目標：

理解賓語從句的基本含義和句子結構特點.

掌握賓語從句的各類連接詞

掌握賓語從句的陳述句語序

掌握賓語從句主句與從句在時態上的呼應

二.能力發展目標：

學生能夠熟練掌握賓語從句的基本用法---三要素：連接詞，時態，語序

在日常寫作中熟練運用賓語從句

學生能把所學賓語從句知識運用到實際交際中，讓語法生活化，交際化

三.情感態度目標：

情景教學，寓情於景，讓學生隨時感受到英語學習的樂趣，培養興趣。

小組合作學習，人人都能感受到自己在團隊的重要性，體會合作學習的喜悅和融洽氣氛

B. 初中英語賓語從句的介紹

名詞從句、定語從句
名詞從句
名詞從句有四類：賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。例如：
賓語從句：I don』t know where he will go.
主語從句：Where he will go is unknown.
表語從句：The problem is how we can get so much money.
同位語從句：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.
下面幾點是學習名詞從句要加以注意的：
1． whether和if都可以引導賓語從句表達「是否」意，（即引導賓語從句時if和whether
可以互換）但以下幾種名詞從句要用whether（不用if）引導：
（1） 引導主語從句，且在句首時。例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但
It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).
（2） 引導表語從句時。例The problem is whether he can get a job.
（3） 引導同位語從句時。例：I have no idea whether he will come.
（4） 介詞後的whether從句。例：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
2． 位於句首引導主語從句的that不可忘。
例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.
3． 在「It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…＋
that從句」結構中，that從句謂語有時用（should）do這樣的虛擬語氣形式。
例如：It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us.
It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one´s life.
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings（缺點）.
4． 在「The reason why…is that…」句式中that不要誤為because.
例如：The reason why he didn´t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.
5． 名詞從句中that,what用法比較：
引導名詞從句的that是連詞，在句中無成份，無意義，而what是連接代詞，what＝the
thing(s) that.
例如：It was told in yesterday´s newspaper that what the students had done was praised
by the factory.

I know that he will study.
I know what he will study.
That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.
What he works hard at is known to us all.
All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(＝the person that)he
used to be.他和以前大不相同了。
6． where在名詞從句中的使用特點：
where在名詞從句中有時可以變為「the place where」,有時可以變為「介詞＋the place where」 形式。例如：
主從：Where(＝The place where)she has gone is still unknown.
賓從：Would you please tell me where(＝the place where) Mr Smith lives?
表從：Your dictionary remains where(＝in/at the place where)you put.
同位從：Have you any idea where(＝of the place where) she is spending her holidays?
7． 無論是哪種名詞從句都是陳述語序。例如：
I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.
當一個特殊疑問句本身就是陳述語序（即「主＋謂＋（賓）」或「主＋系＋表」結構），將其變為間接引語（即賓語從句）時，無需改變語序。例如：
What´s the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him.
Who looks after your grandfather? He asked me who looked after my grandfather.

名詞從句考點分析
1．They want to know ______ do to help us. (NMET)
A. what they can B. how they can C. how can they D. what can they
析：此題要選陳述語序項，故應排除C、D。又因how they can do不完整，do後無賓
語，故也應排除，只有A項既是陳述語序，且what they can do完整正確地表達出「他
們能做些什麼」這一意思，故答案為A。
2．His teacher ______ he ______ bright and ______ he was worth teaching.
A.didn』t think;was;that B.thought;was;whether
C.didn』t think;was;× D.thought;wasn´t;×
析：觀察題目，可知think後跟有and連接的兩個並列賓語從句，這時前一個賓語從句
的引導語that可以省略，但引導後一賓語從句的that不可省略，據此，可排除C、D
兩個選項。若選B項，全句意思不通，而選擇A項可表達「他的老師認為他不聰明，不
值得教」這一意思，且語法結構無誤，故可定A是正確答案。
3．______ is done cannot be undone.
A.How B.That C.What D.Where
析：do一般作及物動詞使用，從題干看，需選一詞作主語（邏輯上是done的賓語）。
而A.How,D.Where均是副詞，不能作主語，故應排除。B項that一詞只能在定語從句
中作主語，不能在主語從句中作主語，也應排除。只有選what(＝the thing that),才
能正確表述「凡是做的不可不做」這一意思。

4．Take care ______ you don´t make mistakes in the coming exam.
A.of that B.about that C.for what D.that
析：take care是「注意」、「當心」意，後面可跟that引導的賓語從句來表達「當心
不要…」意思，據此，該題應選D。
5．To his surprise,the umbrella was not ______ he had put.
A.which B.where C.the place D.that
析：觀察題干，was not後是表語，根據where在表語從句中相當於in/at the place where,
將其置於空白處則可表達「傘不在他當初放的地方」這一意思，而C選項缺少詞，不可
選。A、D項皆不合用。
6．______ we can´t get seems better than ______ we have.
A.what;what B.what;that C.that;that D.that;what
析：此題顯然是要表達「我們得不到的東西似乎比我們得到的東西好。」這一意思，即
「A seems better that B」結構，根據what＝the thing(s) that這一特點，將其置
於兩空白處正好可以表達出前者比後者好這一意思，故答案為A。
7．______ we』ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where
析：此題depends前的主語從句是一個不肯定的內容，在句首表「是否」意時，只能用
Whether,不可用If。故答案為B。
8．______ they are most interested in is ______ they can proce more and better
cars.
A.That;how B.What;how C.What;what D.That;that
析：is前面是一個主語從句，要表達「他們最感興趣的（東西）」這一意思，只能選what
填入空白;is是表語從句，顯然只有選how才能表達「如何生產更多更好的汽車」，故
答案為B。
9．He made a suggestion that the English test ______ until next Wednesday.
A.will be put off B.be put off C.will put off D.put off
析：suggestion,order,adivce等詞後的同位語從句謂語要用（should）do的形式，且
該句中test與put off為被動關系，故選B。
10．I don´t think ______ he said something like that is right.
A.that B.what C.whether D.when
析：此句think後是一賓語從句，這個賓語從句的主語在is之前，它是一個被動句。
因為he said something like that已經含有主、謂、賓、狀等成分，只有選不表意義，
不做成分的that才合適，故選A。

定語從句
一、 定語從句與引導詞
定語從句是在復合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做選行詞，
而引導定語從句的詞叫引導詞，有關系代詞和關系副詞兩類。
懂得什麼樣的先行詞後用什麼樣的引導詞是學好定語從句的關鍵。
1． 關系代詞有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定語從句中作主語、賓語中表語，whose
作定語。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：
The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定語從句中作主語)
That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定
語從句中作賓語，可省略)
I´m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定從中作表語)
A dictionary is a useful book which(＝that) tells us the meaning of words(which
或that代物，在定從中作主語)
2． 關系副詞有：when(指時間)，where(指地點),why(指原因)，在定語從句中作狀語。
例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)
The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.
注意：不是表時間的先行詞都用when引導定從，不是表地點的先行詞都用where引導定從。例如：We´ll visit the factory which(＝that) makes radios.
(which或that在定從中作主語，where不可用主語，故不可用)
They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.
(which或that在定從中作spent的賓語，when不可作賓語，故不可用)

二、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句和主句之間不用逗號分開，修飾主句中的某一個名詞或名詞片語或代
詞；非限制性定語從句常用逗號和主句隔開，可以修飾主句中的某一個詞，也可修飾整個句子。非限制性定語從句不能用that引導，引導非限制性定語從句的關系詞不能省略。非限制性定語從句例：Li Ping´s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句內容，因前後兩句是因果關系，此時which不可換為as。)
He is good at physics, as is known to us all.＝As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代主句內容，在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe這類結構中as不可換為which)

三、 只用that引導和不用that引導的場合
1． 只用that引導和不用that引導的場合
1） 當先行詞既包括人又包括物時：He talked about the men and the books that attracted
him.
2） 指物的先行詞被any, every, only, very, all, no等修飾時：These are the very points that interest me./That´s the only watch that I like most.
3） 指物的先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時：The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me.
4） 先行詞是指物的不定代詞all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等時：There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need?
5） 先行詞是who時：Who that have seen him does not like him?
2． 不用that的場合如下：
1）非限制性定語從句中 Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long
March .
2）介詞放在關系代詞之前時 This is the man from whom I learnt the news
3）句中出現了that，或先行詞是that時 I have found that which I was looking for.

四、「介詞＋關系代詞」用法
1． 介詞的確定應依據定語從句中短語的習慣性搭配，例如：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with…是習慣性搭配)
2． 介詞常受先行詞的制約（即介詞和先行詞的搭配），例如：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope)
3． 當關系代詞作「動詞＋介詞」固定短語的賓語時，此時因定短語中的介詞不能拆開移到關系代詞前。例如：This is the watch which you´re looking for./He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.

五、幾個名詞後的引導詞
1. situation後常用where,in which引導定語從句：Can you imagine a situation where/in
which you can use the word?
2. way(方式，方法)後常用in which或that或how引導定語從句，也可省略：Do you know the way(in which/that/how) he worked out the problem?
3. 「the same＋名詞」，「such＋名詞」，「as＋名詞」後通常用as引導定語從句。
例如：I have the same dictionary as you(have)./Such a book as you bought is not worth buying.

定語從句考點分析
1． The best work ______ Luxun wrote and ______ I have read has been made into a film.
A.which;that B.that;× C.×;that D.×;×
析：如果兩個定語從句並列，關系代詞作賓語時前一句的可以省略，但後一句的不可省略，故應選C。
2． It was in 1969 ______ two Americans got to the moon by space ship.
It was 1969 ______ two Amerians got to the moon by space ship.
A.when B.which C.that D.×
析：第一句是強調時間in 1969,強調結構是「It was＋強調部分＋that句」，故應選C。第二句It是表時間的，先行詞1969在從句中作狀語，故選A。
3． Is this the house ______ Shakespeare was born?
A.at which B.which C.in which D.at where
析：觀察題目，空白處只有填in which或where才能表達「這是莎士比亞出生的房子嗎？」這一意思，故答案為C。
4． Is this house ______ Shakespeare was born?
A.where B.which C.in which D.at which
析：將此句變為陳述句；This house is ______ Shakespeare was born.顯然is後是一表語從句，只有選where(＝the place where)才能表達「這是莎士比亞的出生地」這一意思，故答案為A。
5． In the dark street,there wasn』t a single person ______ she could turn for
help.
A.to whom B.of whom C.from whom D.that
析：「介詞＋關系代詞」要考慮短語搭配或與先行搭配，這道題短語turn to有關，故
應選A。
6． The two things ______ they felt very proud were Jim´s gold watch and Della´s
hair.
A．about which B.of which C.in which D.for which
析：涉及be/feel proud of短語，故答案為B。
7． Have you ever asked him the reason ______ may explain his being late.
A.why B.that C.for which D.what
析：此題易誤選A、C，因為先行詞是the reason,但細觀察分析，定語從句缺少主語，所以答案是B。注意what不能引導定語從句。
8． Farming is difficult ______ there is no rain.
A.where B.in place C.that D.the place where
析：因為difficult是形容詞，故其後不是定語從句。這兒的空白處應填引導狀語從句where(＝in the place where),全句表達「在沒有雨水的地方耕種困難」。這一意思，可見答案為A。
9． We need the same machine ______ in your factory.
A.which is being used B.as is being used
C.that is being used D.as it is being used
析：根據「the same＋先行詞」後跟as引導定語從句的原則，可知答案為B。
10．______ the people,not things ______ are most important.
A.There are;who B.Those are;that C.It is;that D.It was;who
析：仔細觀察分析題目，可知只有C構成強調句才有成立。當我們要檢驗視其為強調
句的判斷是否正確時，只要將「It is (或was)…that」這三個詞去掉，剩下部分讀
起來正確無誤，則證明判斷是正確的，反之是錯誤的。此題如不填「It is…that」
三詞，句子是The people,not things are most important.語義完整正確，說明選
C是對的。

C. 初三英語賓語從句

The Attributive Clause (定語從句)
I.在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之後。定語從句需由關系代詞或關系副詞引導。
II.引導定語從句的關系代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that
關系副詞：when, where, why
III. 關系代詞和關系副詞的作用：
（1）：橋梁作用：把先行詞和定語從句聯系起來。
（2）：代替先行詞在定語從句中充當句子成分。
*關系代詞在定語從句中可以做主語、賓語、定語。
*關系副詞在定語從句中可以做狀語。
IV.關系代詞和關系副詞的用法：
1. who指人，在定語從句中做主語。
The boy who is playing football is my son.
I do not like the students who often watch TV.
2. whom指人，在定語從句中做賓語。
The woman whom you met at the gate is my wife.
Pan Changjiang is an actor whom many girls love crazily.
3. whose指人或物，在定語從句中做定語
The boy whose mother is a doctor often falls ill.
Peter enjoys reading books whose covers are yellow.
4. which指物，在定語從句中做主語、賓語。
A plane is a machine which can fly in the sky.
A flying cock is a cock which is flying now.
Here is the letter which your boyfriend wrote.
5. that 多指人，有時也指物，在定語從句中做主語、賓語。
Examples of No. 1, 2, 4 & 5 can all be replaced by THAT clauses.
In the following conditions, we must be careful with the use of 「that」.
Which, whom 在定語從句中做介詞賓語， 這樣的介詞可以放在whom, which 之前， 也可以放在從句的原來的位置上。但是當介詞被放在定語從句之前時， 則只能用whom, which. 不能用that.
Tom is the man from whom I learnt the news.
This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.
Here is the question about which we have had so much discussion.
6. that 和 whom/that 的區別：在下列情況下必須用that:
(1). 先行詞為all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything；everyone, no one, someone, anyone; everybody, nobody, somebody, anybody時。
Anyone that listen to him is a fool.
Is there anything that I can do for you?
Everything that we saw was of great interest to us.
(2). 先行詞被all, every, very, no, some, any, little, much, only修飾時。
Mi Mi has enjoys all the songs that are sung by Chen Long.
You are the very girl that I have been looking for.
Rose is the only flower that I really like.
(3). 先行詞被序數詞修飾時。
The first thing that you should do is to study hard.
The last place that we visited was a farm.
(4). 先行詞被adj最高級修飾時。
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
(5).當有兩個或兩個以上的先行詞後（既有人又有物）。
He talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.
當先行詞被the same, such修飾時, 關系代詞往往用as。
Such people as you describe are welcome.
This is the same coat as he bought yesterday.
7. when指時間，在定語從句作時間狀語。
= in/at/on which
October 1st, 1949 was the day when the People』s Republic of china was founded.
Ge You and Zhao Benshan were born on a day when it thundered and rained.
I』ll never forget the day when I graated from Beijing Normal University.
8. where指地點，在定語從句作地點狀語。
=in/at/on which
The college where I』ll study is very good.
This is the house where Li Lisha was born.
9. why指原因，在定語從句作原因狀語。
= for which
The reason why I send flowers to you everyday is a secret.
That is the reason why I did it.
比較：
The poor village that/which we visited 10 years ago has taken on a new look.
The days that/which we spent together made me happy.
V. 限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句。
**限定性定語從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，如果沒有定語從句， 先行詞的意思就不明確， 主句也不完整，從句和主句一般不用逗號隔開。
** 非限定性定語從句是主句先行詞的補充說明，沒有定語從句並不影響主句意思的明確或完整。這種定語從句一般用逗號與主句分開。在非限定性定語從句中通常不用關系代詞「that」.
Last week Tom went to the beach, where he met Li Li 5 years ago.
Yesterday I bought a T-shirt, which only cost me 18 yuan.

D. 關於初中英語的賓語從句

一. 賓語從句的種類
賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或
形容詞的賓語。根據引導賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。
1. 由that引導的賓語從句。That只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義，在口語
和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn』t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當某個成分。例如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don』t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引導的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是「是否」。例如：
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
二. 賓語從句的語序
賓語從句的語序應為陳述句的語序。例如：
I hear (that) physics isn』t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
Please tell me when we』ll have the meeting.
三. 賓語從句的時態
1. 如果主句的時態是一般現在時，賓語從句該用什麽時態就用什麽時態。
如：
I don』t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
2. 如果主句的時態是一般過去時，賓語從句只能用相應的過去時態（一般過去時， 過去進行時， 過去將來時，過去完成時）。例如：
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3. 如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時態常用一般現在時。例如：
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.

【中考範例】
1 Miss Green didn』t tell us _______ in 2009.
A. where does she live B. Where she lives
C. where did she live D. where she lived
【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時態。賓語從句應用陳述句的語序和時態，所以應選D。
2.Would you please tell me ________?
A. when did he come home
B. where he would play football
C. if he had seen the film
D. why he didn』t watch the game
【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時態。主句用的實際上是現在時，賓語從句在這個句子里應用陳述句的語序和一般過去時。
3.I don』t know when __________.
A. will the train leave B. the train will leave
C. would the train leave D. the train leave
【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時態。只有B在語序和時態上符合要求。
4.---We don』t know _____________.
---It is said that he was born in Sweden.
A. what he is B. if he lives here
C. where he comes from D. which country is he from
【解析】答案: C。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序。按照他們談論的話題可知：他們說的是某人是哪裡人。A和B可以排除掉。D的語序不對，只有C正確。

動詞的語態
動詞的語態---表示謂語與主語之間的關系的動詞形式叫做語態，分為主動語態和被動語態。
主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者,被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者
一、被動語態
結構:1.行為動詞的被動語態: 助動詞be + 及物動詞的過去分詞.
be有人稱.時態.數的變化,其變化規則與be作為連系動詞時完全一樣.
一般現在時 am/is/are+及物動詞的過去分詞 一般過去時 was/were +及物動詞的過去分詞
一般將來時 will +be +及物動詞的過去分詞 現在完成時 have/has+been+及物動詞的過去分詞
2.情態動詞的被動語態: 情態動詞 + be +及物動詞的過去分詞
否定式:是在助動詞 be 或情態動詞後加not構成
疑問式:是把上述助動詞或情態動詞提到主語之前,句尾加問號構成.
用法: 1.不知道動作的執行者是誰,或沒有必要或不想指出誰是動作的執行者.
eg. The window was broken yesterday. Is English taught in your school? 2.強調或突出動作的承受者,此時如想同時指出動作的執行者,可用「by +動作執行者(賓格)來表示.
eg.The red dress was made by her mother. The letter must be written by me.
注 意點： 1.只有及物動詞能構成被動語態, 不及物動詞不能構成被動語態.
2.某些不及物動詞與介詞.副詞搭配構成短語動詞,帶有賓語時,則有了動作的承受者,這時應把它們看作一個整體,變為被動語態,不能丟掉其中的介詞,常用的有look after,take care of,cut down, laugh at,talk about,turn on等 eg.Catherine always takes care of the little girl.→The little girl is always taken care of by Carherine.
3.有些動詞短語本身即是被動語態的形式, 不要再加by 短語,常用的有
be covered with be surprised at be interested in be worried about be made of/from be known to
4.某些動詞形式是主動語態,但含有被動的意思. eg. This dictionary sells well.
This kind of car drives fast. The woolen sweater costs $ 88.
5.主動語態與被動語態的相互變化關系
主動句: 主語 + 謂語 + 賓語(動作執行者) (動作承受者)
被動句: 主語 +謂語動詞的被動形式+ by + 動作執行者 (動作承受者)
1）主動句如何變為被動句
a.找到動作的承受者(常為主動句的賓語)作被動句的主語.b.找到謂語變為be + 過去分詞的結構.
c.找到動作的執行者(常為主動句的主語)作 by 的賓語.若不必指出動作的執行者,可省去 by 短語. d.確定be動詞的時態.數. 例如: She makes the beautiful kites.
The beautiful kites are made by her. (被動句)
2）被動句如何變為主動句. a.找到動作的執行者(常為被動句的賓語)作主動句的主語.
b.找到be+過去分詞結構還原為及物動詞原形.
c.找到動作的承受者(常為被動句的主語)作主動句的賓語.
d.確定及物動詞的時態.數(注意)在以上轉換中,代詞作主語用主格, 代詞作賓語用賓格.
6.主動語態中有些動詞如:make,see,listen, watch,feel後常跟不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語,變為被動語態要帶上to
He made the boy work for him. →The boy was made to work for him.
7.主動語態中若有雙賓語,變為被動語態時, 通常把指人的間接賓語變為被動語態的主語. His uncle gave him a dictionary yesterday.→He was given a dictionary by his uncle yesterday.

G:現在完成時棗表示到目前為止已經完成，並對現在留下某種後果和影響的動作。
結構：助動詞have/has + 動詞的過去分詞
用法:
1.表示過去發生的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果,常與一些時間狀語,如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once,twice等連用,也可以和包括現在在內的時間狀語,如these days,today,this year,so far等連用.eg.I have already posted the letter. (信已經不在我這兒了)
2.表示過去發生的動作或存在的狀態,一直持續到現在,也許還將繼續下去,可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續到現在的一段時間的狀語連用,即for +時間段,since+時間點/從句, in the last ten years等,謂語只可用延續性動詞.
解析： 1.英語動詞根據詞義可分為兩種,一種是延續性的,一種是終止性的,終止性動詞(也可稱為非延續性動詞,瞬間動詞,或點動詞),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示動作的發生與結束於一瞬間完成,不能再延續,所以它的現在完成時不能和表示延續的時間狀語連用,即不能與表示一段時間的狀語,for+時間段, since+時間點/從句連用,也不能用在how long引導的特殊疑問句中.
eg. I've left Shanghai for three days.(×) I've been away from Shanghai for three days.( √ ).
I left Shanghai three days ago. ( √ ) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( √ )
2.初中英語課本中常見終止性動詞有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.終止性動詞要表示持續時, 可用以下方法:
⑴.將時間狀語改為時間段 + ago,句中謂語動詞用一般過去時.
eg.我弟弟參軍兩年了. My brother joined the army two years ago.
⑵.若保留for+時間段,since+時間點/從句, 或用在 how long 句型中,則需將終止性動詞改為相應的狀態動詞或延續性動詞
常見終止性動詞與延續性動詞(或狀態動詞)的對應關系如下
come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at open-----be open
die------be dead close----be closed become---be borrow---keep begin/start-----be on put on----wear
leave-----be away (from) buy-----have fall asleep----be asleep
end/finish-----be over catch a cold-----have a cold
join the army----be in the army be a soldier join the Party----be in the Party be a Party member
→My brother has been in the army for two years. →My brother has been a soldier for two years.
3.現在完成時中been to,gone to和been in/at been to去過某地,表示某人的一種經歷,可以和once,twice,already,ever,never等連用. eg. She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人在這里)
gone to 去某地了,說話時某人已離開此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地,
eg. She has gone to Shanghai。 (表示現在她人不在這里)
been in/at 逗留在某地(已經一段時間).常和for ten days,since I came here等連用.
eg. She has been in Shanghai since she moved there.
4.現在完成時和一般過去時的區別
現在完成時所表明的是過去發生的動作對現在的影響,強調的是現在的情況,不可以和表示過去的時間狀語yesterday,in 1991,three days ago last time,last night等連用一般過去時表明的是過去發生的事實,和現在不發生關系.
5.現在完成時中的 for 與 since
for + 時間段 與延續性動詞的現在完成時連用 since + 時間點/從句
I have kept the library book for a week.= I have kept the library book since a week ago.
6. It is /has been +一段時間 + since 從句.自從某事發生已有一段時間了. eg. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 注意:1.since 引導的從句中動詞用過去時
2.when 引導 的特殊問句不與現在完成時連用.
3.have got,has got 雖然是現在完成時,但have got=have has got==has

E. 英語中初中階段賓語從句總結

初中英語其實跟這個沒什麼兩樣，關鍵是你是否能理解。希望下面的對你能有所幫助！
英語賓語從句賓語從句的時態問題

1）當主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時時，其賓語從句的時態可以是任何適當的時態。所以，賓語從句的時態應根據實際情況而定。eg.

She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她說她從周一至周五上班。

（從句是一般現在時）

She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她說她要在他桌子上留個便條。

（從句是一般將來時）

She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她說她從來沒有去過峨嵋山。

（從句是現在完成時）

2）當主句的謂語動詞的時態是一般過去時的時候，其賓語從句的時態一般要用任一適當的過去時態。eg.

He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他說昨天下午沒有課。

從句是一般過去時）

He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. 他說他會去照看這個嬰兒。

（從句是過去將來時）

He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time. 他說他們那時正在開會。

（從句是過去進行時）

但是當賓語從句是表達客觀真理和規律的句子時，其時態仍舊用一般現在時。eg.

The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.

老師告訴我們世上無難事,只怕有心人。

She said(that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.

她說她父親比她大二十八歲。

He said that light travels much faster than sound.

他說光比聲音傳播得快。

He told me that I must go to school on time every day.

他告訴我我必須每天按時上學。

注意：當主句的謂語動詞是think或believe，賓語從句要表達否定時，要把從句的否定轉移到主句上。 eg.

我認為他不會幫你學英語的。

I don't think he is going to help you with your English.

不可以翻譯成：

I think he isn't going to help you with your English.

如果賓語從句有它的補語時，賓語從句用it代替，從句後置。其句型為：主語+謂語 + it +補語+賓語從句。 eg.

I think it necessary that we learn English grammar.

我認為我們學習英語語法是必要的。

He thinks it a good job that he becomes a teacher.

他認為當老師是個很好的職業。

F. 試講初中英語，麻煩給提供三份教案，初一，初二，初三各一份，十五到二十分鍾，謝謝

也就是8種時態：一般現在--一般過去時，現在進行時---過去進行時
一般將來時--過去將來時，現在完成時----過去完成時語法項目 構 成 用 法 象 征 詞 規則變化 不規則變化 例 句
一般現在時 動詞用原形
三人稱單數-s / es 表示經常性的
動作或狀態 Every often always on 天 in月、季、節、年。 一般-s –es 輔音＋y---ies have----has
He goes to school every day.
I often have lunch at home.
一般過去時 動詞用過去時
Be—was/ were 表過去某個、段時間內動作及狀態 ago/just now /In1998 last/yesterday 等 一般/去e 雙寫/輔＋y結尾－ied go-went come-came
do-did leave-left等 He wrote a letter yesterday.
I studied hard last year.
一般將來時 be going to＋V原
will / shall + V原 在將來某個時間或
某段時要做的事 tomorrow / after
next / tonight in 2010
Go come leave stay
fly等用進行表將來 Are you going to read ?
He is coming tomorrow .
現在進行時 be＋doing 表此時此刻正進行的動作或狀態 listen look now
all the time Don』t… 一般去e 雙寫
+ing tie die lie –
變ie為y加ing Tom is writing now .
They are lying on the bed .
現在完成時
現在完成進行 have / has +PP
have/has been+doing 發生在過去影響在現在的動作或狀態等 含糊的頻率副詞 already just never ever 分詞規則的同過去式是一樣的 不規則的動詞的過去分詞需逐個記憶 I have been teaching for 8 years.
He has slept for two days.
.過去進行時 was / were +doing
多用於復合句中 表在過去某時間正在進行的動作 at this time yesterday
last Sunday evening 一般去e 雙寫
+ing tie die lie –
變ie為y加ing He was reading at that time
last Friday
過去完成時 had+動過去分詞
多用於復合句中 該動作發生在過去的過去 by the time＋過去時
when after before 規則的分詞構成與過去時一樣的 需要逐個記憶
詳見不規則動詞表 We had learnt 2000 words
by the end of last year.
過去將來時 would + V 原形
多用賓語從句中 過去看來將要發生的動作或狀態 He said that he… the next day . He said that he would come here the next day .
比較級形式
形容副詞名詞 後--er 前加more
名詞比較用more 表示兩個人、物
之間進行比較時 than /much/ a little
far / in the two 等 一般/去e 雙寫/輔＋y結尾－ier good/well —better
much/many—more She is the tall in the two.
He runs faster than Tom .
最高級形式
形容副詞名詞 後-est 前加most
名詞比較用most 大於等於三個人、物之間進行比較 in the ＋比較范圍
of the 具體的數字 一般/去e 雙寫/輔＋y結尾－iest bad/ill/badly-worst
far-farther-farthest She is the most beautiful
in her class.(最高級加the)
動詞不定式
to do沒有人稱和數的變化 作主語
To read is helpful for anybody now . 作賓語
He wants to buy a dictionary. 作賓補
I hear him sing yesterday
Tom told me to open it. 作表語
His job is to take care of children . 作狀語
He』ll go to see a doctor tomorrow . 作定語
He has much homework
to do every day .
主從復合句 狀語從句
句子作狀語 （時間地點原因條件讓步比較）
He was writing a letter when I came in。 賓語從句
句子作賓語（語序、時態、引導詞、客觀事實）
He asked me if I had been to Beijing before. 定語從句
句子作定語（修飾名詞或代詞的句子、注意先行詞）
I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday
主動結構
與
被動結構
主動語態：主語（人、物）+ 謂語 + 賓語
動作執行者 + 及物動詞 + 動作承受者
被動語態：主語（人、物）+be PP + by賓語
動作承受者 + be PP + by動作執行者
在被動語態中沒有可以省to 的不定式 We speak English .
主語 謂語 賓語
English is spoken by us

賓改主 謂語動詞 be PP 主by 賓 主動變被動，先找主、謂、賓，賓改主、主by賓，代詞變格要細心，謂語動詞be pp,時態隨主、數隨被
PP 是及物動詞的過去分詞加ed 或不規則詳見表
被動句的時態（be）隨主動句的時態（do）人稱和數應隨被動句的主語(am、is、are、was、were等 )

G. 求初中英語中賓語從句的用法

一、賓語從句的定義：賓語從句顧名思義就是在復合句中用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。即作版及物權動詞、介詞或某些形容詞賓語的部分是由句子來充當。二、引導賓語從句的引導詞分為三類即:
1．表示陳述語氣用that
，作從句的原句是陳述句。
注意1:
引導賓語從句的that
常可以省略,但下列情況下不能省略。（1）and連接兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句，除第一個從句中的that以外,後面從句中的that不能省略。如：Everybody
could
see
what
happened
and
that
Tom
was
frightened.
（2）that引導的賓語從句作介詞賓語時，that不能省略。

H. 如何學好初中英語的賓語從句

一、了解概念
賓語從句在復合句中作主句的賓語。整句結構是以主句開始，有主語和謂語。謂語動詞是及物電池、動詞，需要賓語來完成句子的，而此處的賓語是一個從句，這就是賓語從句。結構是：主＋謂＋引導詞＋主＋謂。

二、了解應掌握的三種賓語從句
1、陳述句
主句＋引導詞（that）＋賓語從句，其中的that在口語或非正式文體中可省略。
如： That said （that）it was cold in Moscow.
2、 特殊問句
主句＋連接代詞或連接副詞＋賓語從句。如：
Do you know where we will stay on the island ？
3、 一般問句
主句＋wether或if＋賓語從句。
如： Could you tell me wether that is a pen or not ？

三、應特別注意的事項
1、 從句的語序
無論是連接代詞還是連接副詞引導的賓語從句，其從句應用陳述語序。
如： He couldn』t remember where he had put his book.
2、 時態呼應
當主句為一般現在時，從句的時態根據實際情況，可用任何時態。
如： She says （that）she will be back in a month.
當主句為過去時，從句根據實際情況可用與過去時相應的時態、即一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時和過去完成時。如：
She told us （that）she was born in Jane，1990.
但如果從句所述的是客觀真理時，從句時態無需改變，仍用一般現在時。
如： The teacher said （that）the earth turns around the sun.