初中英語復合句講解
Ⅰ 初中英語復合句
在初中范圍復合句中主要有狀語從句和賓語從句(名詞性從句)兩種，我們首先來看賓語從內句。
①在及物動詞的後容面可以接一個名詞來充當賓語，如：
I knew the man, 而這時也可以用一個句子來充當賓語，如：
I knew that he was a good man
Ⅱ 英語復合句的用法
這是個賓語從句，they can't take part in 翻譯過來就是他們不能參加，不能參加什麼呢？這里就少一個賓語,所以就用what來表達不能參加的內容 take part in what they see 不能參加他們看到的
Ⅲ 英語：什麼是復合句詳細！
復合句（Complex Sentence）由一個主句（Principal Clause)和一個或一個以上的從句(Subordinate Clause)構成。
主句是全句的主體，通常可以獨立存在；從句則是一個句子成分，不能獨立存在。
從句不能單獨成句，但它也有主語部分和謂語部分，就像一個句子一樣。所不同在於，從句須由一個關聯詞（connective）引導。
復合句（The Complex Sentence）：句子中有一個或一個以上的從句，叫做復合句。復合句可分為：
1).定語從句（The Attributive Clause）；
2).狀語從句（The Adverbial Clause）；
3).名詞性從句（The Noun Clause）
詳細請參考：http://ke..com/view/137894.htm
Ⅳ 英語復合句解析
英語復合句分析，最重要的就是把復合句分解成簡單句，這個是最重要的，每一個復合句都是有簡單句組成的。
Ⅳ 英語的復合句怎樣理解它的意思
復合句最主要的就是要搞清主要結構。
這句話的意思是他說的是真的
what he said 主語
is true 系表結構
Ⅵ 英語語法講解復合句
復合句指的是含有兩個或更多的主謂結構的句子，其中有一個（或更多）主謂結構充當句子的某一（些）成分，如主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、同位語等。主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、定語從句和狀語從句都屬於復合句。
一、狀語從句：
狀語從句 Adverbial Clause，從句用作狀語稱為狀語從句。根據用途，狀語從句可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、方式、讓步、結果、目的等狀語從句。
I. 時間狀語從句
時間狀語從句表示時間，常用的關聯詞有when, until, as, after, before, once, since, as long as, whenever等等。
例: 1) When you cross a main road, you must be careful.
2) He went out to play football after he had finished his homework.
3) Wait until you are called.
4) I can't recognize you. You are so changed since last we met.
5) He didn't go to school until he was eleven.
You can use my house as long as you are careful.
He is so terrible once he is drunk.
I listen to the radio while I walk every evening.
II. 地點狀語從句
地點狀語從句表示地點，常用的關聯詞有where, wherever, anywhere等。
例如：1) Put it where you found it.
2) Sit down wherever you like.
3) Anywhere she goes, he goes too.
III. 原因狀語從句
原因狀語從句表示原因或理由，常用的關聯詞有because, as, since, in case等。
1) I eat ice-cream so much because I like sweet food.
2) As I didn't know the way, I asked a policeman.
3) Since you won't help me, I'll ask someone else.
I'll take my raincoat in case it rains. (in case it rains = because it may rain)我將帶上雨衣，以防下雨。
IV. 條件狀語從句
條件狀語從句表示真實的或現實的條件，引導從句所用的關聯詞有if, unless, suppose, in case(that), in the event (that), as (so) long as等等。
1) If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.
You'll be late, unless you hurry.
3) Suppose we are late, what will he say? (suppose從句必須放在主句之前) 我們如果遲到了，他會說什麼？
4) In the event that our team wins, there will be a party.
5) In case it rains, do not expect me. 如果下雨，就不要等我了。
6) He will do anything as(so) long as it is interesting. 只要好玩，他什麼都願意做。
V. 方式狀語從句
方式狀語從句表示動作的方式，回答How的問題，常用關聯詞as, as if, as though, the way(that), in the way(that)等引導，一般置於主語之後。
Do as I say. I did just as you told me. 照我說的去做。我就是照你說的去做的。
He acts as if/as though he is the owner. 他行為舉止好象是這兒的主人似的。
They did it in a way that I had never seen before. 他們以我從沒見過的方式行事。
I was never allowed to sing the way I wanted to. 我從未被允許用自己想用的方式唱歌。
VI. 讓步狀語從句
讓步狀語從句表示「雖然、盡管、即使」等概念，使句子具有對比的因素。常用的關聯詞有although, though, even if, even though, not that(=although…not)等，置於主語之前或後。
1) Although you feel very ill right now, this is still a common disease.
2) Though he has lived for years in London, he writes in French.
3) We intend to go U.S., even if air fares are expensive.
4) Even though fruits are good, you can't live with fruits only.
5) I'm OK now, not that I slept (although I did not sleep) very well last night.
VII. 結果狀語從句
結果狀語從句表示結果， 常由連詞so…that, such(a/an)…that, so that, such that等引導，置於主語之後。
She was so frightened about the dog that she cried.
The news worried him so much that he didn't sleep at all for the whole night.
He is such a wonderful joker that you can't help laughing.
They are such wonderful players that no one can beat them.
We arrived early, so that we got good seats.
The weather was such that I couldn't go out.
VIII. 目的狀語從句
目的狀語從句表示目的，回答what for或 for what purpose的問題，常用關聯詞so that, in order that等引導，一般置於主語之後。目的狀語從句中的謂語動詞常由「情態動詞+動詞原形」構成。
Ships carry lifeboats so that people can escape if the ship sinks.
They wrote the notice in several languages so that foreigners could understand it.
We carved their names on the stone in order that people should always remember them.
They risk their lives so that/in order that they may support their kids.
二、定語從句
定語從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,片語或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現在先行詞之後，由關系詞（關系代詞或關系副詞）引出。
關系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
關系副詞有：when, where, why等
1. 關系代詞引導的定語從句
關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，並在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。
1）who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）
2) Whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換），例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
請遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3） which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語)
2. 關系副詞引導的定語從句
關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。
1）when, where, why 關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用.例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？
2）that代替關系副詞that可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略.例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.
他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.
他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方
3. 判斷關系代詞與關系副詞
方法一： 用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決於從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞後面無賓語，就必須要求用關系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關系副詞 where, when聯系在一起。
方法二： 准確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。
4. 限制性和非限制性定語從句
1) 定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month.
這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性）
2) 當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其後的定語從句通常是非限制性的，例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾經是我的老師。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
這本小說很動人，我已經讀了三遍。
3) 非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
液態水變為蒸汽，這就叫做蒸發。
說明：關系代詞that和關系副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句。
5. 介詞+關系詞
1）介詞後面的關系詞不能省略。
2）that前不能有介詞。
3） 某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的"介詞+關系詞"結構可以同關系副詞when 和where 互換。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
6. as, which 非限定性定語從句
由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當於and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
as 和which在引導非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點：
(1） as 引導的定語從句可置於句首，而which不可。
(2） as 代表前面的整個主句並在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關系代詞只能用which。
7. 先行詞和關系詞二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)
8. what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who
3) that 和 what
當that引導定語從句時 ，通常用作關系代詞，而引導名詞性從句時，是個不充當任何成分的連接詞。賓語從句和表語從句中的that常可省略。What只能引導名詞性從句， 用作連接代詞，作從句的具體成分，且不能省略。
9. 關系代詞that 的用法
1）不用that的情況
a) 在引導非限定性定語從句時。
b) 介詞後不能用。
2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況
a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b) 在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。
c) 先行詞有the only, the very修飾時，只用that。
d) 先行詞為序數詞、數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。
e) 先行詞既有人，又有物時,只用that。
三、名詞性從句：
在句子中充當主語、賓語、表語與同位語的句子分別叫做主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句， 這些統稱為名詞性從句。
（一）主語從句
在復合句中用作主語的從句叫主語從句。
A 為了強調主語從句的內容，可將從句置於句首
B 大部分主語從句都可以用it作形式主語
為了保持句子平衡，主語從句常用it作形式主語，將主語從句後置。用it作形式主語的主語從句結構有如下幾種：
1、It is + 名詞 + that從句
2、It is + 形容詞 + that從句
3、It + 動詞 + that從句
4、It is + 過去分詞 + that從句
用形式主語it引導的主語從句相當多，有些已形成固定的語法和譯法。常見的有：
It is said that... 據說……
It is reported that... 據報導……
It is well known that... 眾所周知……
It is announced that... 據宣布……
It is believed that... 人們相信……
It is thought that... 人們認為……
It is understood that... 自不待言……
It must be pointed out that... 必須指出……
It must be admitted that... 必須承認……
（二）賓語從句
賓語從句 The Object Clause，在復合句中作主句的賓語，它屬於名詞性從句。它可以作主句謂語動詞的賓語，也可以作介詞的賓語。賓語從句以從句的句式來決定連接詞。
賓語從句有四步曲
連接詞： （也叫引導詞）
語序： 從句的詞序用陳述語序（主+ 謂）
時態： 主句的時態如果是過去時，從句的時態應以過去時為基礎作相應的變化。
人稱： 要根據句中的意義作相應的變化
連接詞（引導詞）
從屬連詞 that ，if ，whether
連接代詞 who， whom， whose， which， what
連接副詞 when ，where ，how ，why
1.如果陳述句作從句，連接詞用that,在口語和非正式語體中常可省略that 。
2.特殊疑問句作從句，就用原來的特殊疑問詞
3.一般疑問句作從句，連詞用if或whether 在選擇疑問句只用whether，記住這一結構：whether … or not 。
（三）表語從句
表語從句放在連系動詞之後，充當復合句中的表語。
A 可接表語從句的連系動詞
可接表語從句的連系動詞有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。
B as, as if / though引導的表語從句
C because, why引導的表語從句
what引導的主語從句表示結果或名詞reason作主語時，後面的表語從句表示原因時要用that引導，不宜用because。
D 使用虛擬語氣的表語從句
在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞後的表語從句，謂語動詞需用"should+動詞原形"表示，should可省略。常見的詞有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea等。
（四）同位語從句
同位語從句用於對前面的名詞作進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內容。同位語從句一般由that引導，但也可以由whether以及連接代詞和連接副詞引導。
A 同位語從句一般跟在名詞的後面
同位語從句一般跟在名詞fact, hope, idea, news, doubt, suggestion, information, opinion, decision, discovery, truth, promise, statement, problem, rule等後面。
B 使用虛擬語氣的同位語從句
在一些表示「建議、命令、要求」的名詞後的同位語從句中，謂語動詞用"should + 動詞原形"，should可省略。
Ⅶ 英語復合句的句子成分 如何分析
所謂復合句，就是一個主句和一個或多個從句所組成的一個句子的集合體。分析這樣的句子，首先要分清主句和從句的基本結構。也就是，哪個是主句，那些個是從句。從句又是什麼類型的，是狀語從句呢，還是賓語從句，還是定語從句。
一般情況下，從句都帶有明確的連接詞，這是判別從句的標志。比如，that引導賓語從句，你看到一個及物動詞後有that 引起的從句，這個從句就是一個賓語從句。where 可以引導地點狀語從句，而when引起的從句就是時間狀語從句等。定語從句是由which 或 that 引起，這個從句一定在名詞（中心詞）的後面。下面看個例子：
Mr. Stern said （that）he believes （that）the Chinese see climate change as an issue of significant importance, not only "as a substantive matter, but also of real importance in the U.S.-China bilateral relationship, and increasingly something that's going to be important for the way they are perceived by the rest of the world."
這一個段落是一個句子，基本結構有四個層次，主句下面的兩個層次都是省略了that的賓語從句（連詞that在從句里做賓語時可省略），第三層次的賓語從句里又包涵了兩個定語從句。
Mr Stern said （第一層次）
(that) he believes （第二層次）
(that) the Chinese see...（第三層次）
在第三層次的賓語從句里，（that）the Chinese see..., and something that's going to be important for the way they are perceived by the rest of the world."這里又出現了 that's going to be important... 這個定語從句，修飾前面的something,意思是「變得重要的一件事」。另一個省略了that 的定語從句 they are perceived by the rest of the world，修飾它前面的the way，意思是「世界認識這些事情的方式」。 這兩個定語從句在結構上屬於第四層次。這樣這個句子的意思就容易理解了，「Stern先生說，他相信中國會把氣候的變化看做是十分重要的一件事情，它不僅是一個實質的問題，而且在中美雙邊關繫上發揮重要作用。隨著世界人民對它的認識，它會變得越來越重要。」
希望這樣解說你能夠明白。對外經貿大學出版社出版的丁衡祁教授的《英語學習導航》一書里有對長句分析的詳細講解，不妨一讀。
Ⅷ 英語復合句
從句子結構上來說，句子有三種：簡單句、並列句和復合句。簡單句有一個主語或多個主語和一個謂語；一個主語和多個謂語。並列句是由並列連詞連接的兩個或多個簡單句。復合句指的是含有兩個或更多的主謂結構的句子，其中有一個（或更多）主謂結構充當句子的某一（些）成分，如主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、同位語等。主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、定語從句和狀語從句都屬於復合句。
一、狀語從句：
狀語從句 Adverbial Clause，從句用作狀語稱為狀語從句。根據用途，狀語從句可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、方式、讓步、結果、目的等狀語從句。
I. 時間狀語從句
時間狀語從句表示時間，常用的關聯詞有when, until, as, after, before, once, since, as long as, whenever等等。
例: 1) When you cross a main road, you must be careful.
2) He went out to play football after he had finished his homework.
3) Wait until you are called.
4) I can't recognize you. You are so changed since last we met.
5) He didn't go to school until he was eleven.
You can use my house as long as you are careful.
He is so terrible once he is drunk.
I listen to the radio while I walk every evening.
II. 地點狀語從句
地點狀語從句表示地點，常用的關聯詞有where, wherever, anywhere等。
例如：1) Put it where you found it.
2) Sit down wherever you like.
3) Anywhere she goes, he goes too.
III. 原因狀語從句
原因狀語從句表示原因或理由，常用的關聯詞有because, as, since, in case等。
1) I eat ice-cream so much because I like sweet food.
2) As I didn't know the way, I asked a policeman.
3) Since you won't help me, I'll ask someone else.
I'll take my raincoat in case it rains. (in case it rains = because it may rain)我將帶上雨衣，以防下雨。
IV. 條件狀語從句
條件狀語從句表示真實的或現實的條件，引導從句所用的關聯詞有if, unless, suppose, in case(that), in the event (that), as (so) long as等等。
1) If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.
You'll be late, unless you hurry.
3) Suppose we are late, what will he say? (suppose從句必須放在主句之前) 我們如果遲到了，他會說什麼？
4) In the event that our team wins, there will be a party.
5) In case it rains, do not expect me. 如果下雨，就不要等我了。
6) He will do anything as(so) long as it is interesting. 只要好玩，他什麼都願意做。
V. 方式狀語從句
方式狀語從句表示動作的方式，回答How的問題，常用關聯詞as, as if, as though, the way(that), in the way(that)等引導，一般置於主語之後。
Do as I say. I did just as you told me. 照我說的去做。我就是照你說的去做的。
He acts as if/as though he is the owner. 他行為舉止好象是這兒的主人似的。
They did it in a way that I had never seen before. 他們以我從沒見過的方式行事。
I was never allowed to sing the way I wanted to. 我從未被允許用自己想用的方式唱歌。
VI. 讓步狀語從句
讓步狀語從句表示「雖然、盡管、即使」等概念，使句子具有對比的因素。常用的關聯詞有although, though, even if, even though, not that(=although…not)等，置於主語之前或後。
1) Although you feel very ill right now, this is still a common disease.
2) Though he has lived for years in London, he writes in French.
3) We intend to go U.S., even if air fares are expensive.
4) Even though fruits are good, you can't live with fruits only.
5) I'm OK now, not that I slept (although I did not sleep) very well last night.
VII. 結果狀語從句
結果狀語從句表示結果， 常由連詞so…that, such(a/an)…that, so that, such that等引導，置於主語之後。
She was so frightened about the dog that she cried.
The news worried him so much that he didn't sleep at all for the whole night.
He is such a wonderful joker that you can't help laughing.
They are such wonderful players that no one can beat them.
We arrived early, so that we got good seats.
The weather was such that I couldn't go out.
VIII. 目的狀語從句
目的狀語從句表示目的，回答what for或 for what purpose的問題，常用關聯詞so that, in order that等引導，一般置於主語之後。目的狀語從句中的謂語動詞常由「情態動詞+動詞原形」構成。
Ships carry lifeboats so that people can escape if the ship sinks.
They wrote the notice in several languages so that foreigners could understand it.
We carved their names on the stone in order that people should always remember them.
They risk their lives so that/in order that they may support their kids.
二、定語從句
定語從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,片語或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現在先行詞之後，由關系詞（關系代詞或關系副詞）引出。
關系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
關系副詞有：when, where, why等
1. 關系代詞引導的定語從句
關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，並在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。
1）who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）
2) Whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換），例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
請遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3） which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語)
2. 關系副詞引導的定語從句
關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。
1）when, where, why 關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用.例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？
2）that代替關系副詞that可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略.例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.
他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.
他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方
3. 判斷關系代詞與關系副詞
方法一： 用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決於從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞後面無賓語，就必須要求用關系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關系副詞 where, when聯系在一起。
方法二： 准確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。
4. 限制性和非限制性定語從句
1) 定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month.
這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性）
2) 當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其後的定語從句通常是非限制性的，例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾經是我的老師。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
這本小說很動人，我已經讀了三遍。
3) 非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
液態水變為蒸汽，這就叫做蒸發。
說明：關系代詞that和關系副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句。
5. 介詞+關系詞
1）介詞後面的關系詞不能省略。
2）that前不能有介詞。
3） 某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的"介詞+關系詞"結構可以同關系副詞when 和where 互換。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
6. as, which 非限定性定語從句
由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當於and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
as 和which在引導非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點：
(1） as 引導的定語從句可置於句首，而which不可。
(2） as 代表前面的整個主句並在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關系代詞只能用which。
7. 先行詞和關系詞二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)
8. what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who
3) that 和 what
當that引導定語從句時 ，通常用作關系代詞，而引導名詞性從句時，是個不充當任何成分的連接詞。賓語從句和表語從句中的that常可省略。What只能引導名詞性從句， 用作連接代詞，作從句的具體成分，且不能省略。
9. 關系代詞that 的用法
1）不用that的情況
a) 在引導非限定性定語從句時。
b) 介詞後不能用。
2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況
a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b) 在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。
c) 先行詞有the only, the very修飾時，只用that。
d) 先行詞為序數詞、數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。
e) 先行詞既有人，又有物時,只用that。
三、名詞性從句：
在句子中充當主語、賓語、表語與同位語的句子分別叫做主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句， 這些統稱為名詞性從句。
（一）主語從句
在復合句中用作主語的從句叫主語從句。
A 為了強調主語從句的內容，可將從句置於句首
B 大部分主語從句都可以用it作形式主語
為了保持句子平衡，主語從句常用it作形式主語，將主語從句後置。用it作形式主語的主語從句結構有如下幾種：
1、It is + 名詞 + that從句
2、It is + 形容詞 + that從句
3、It + 動詞 + that從句
4、It is + 過去分詞 + that從句
用形式主語it引導的主語從句相當多，有些已形成固定的語法和譯法。常見的有：
It is said that... 據說……
It is reported that... 據報導……
It is well known that... 眾所周知……
It is announced that... 據宣布……
It is believed that... 人們相信……
It is thought that... 人們認為……
It is understood that... 自不待言……
It must be pointed out that... 必須指出……
It must be admitted that... 必須承認……
（二）賓語從句
賓語從句 The Object Clause，在復合句中作主句的賓語，它屬於名詞性從句。它可以作主句謂語動詞的賓語，也可以作介詞的賓語。賓語從句以從句的句式來決定連接詞。
賓語從句有四步曲
連接詞： （也叫引導詞）
語序： 從句的詞序用陳述語序（主+ 謂）
時態： 主句的時態如果是過去時，從句的時態應以過去時為基礎作相應的變化。
人稱： 要根據句中的意義作相應的變化
連接詞（引導詞）
從屬連詞 that ，if ，whether
連接代詞 who， whom， whose， which， what
連接副詞 when ，where ，how ，why
1.如果陳述句作從句，連接詞用that,在口語和非正式語體中常可省略that 。
2.特殊疑問句作從句，就用原來的特殊疑問詞
3.一般疑問句作從句，連詞用if或whether 在選擇疑問句只用whether，記住這一結構：whether … or not 。
（三）表語從句
表語從句放在連系動詞之後，充當復合句中的表語。
A 可接表語從句的連系動詞
可接表語從句的連系動詞有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。
B as, as if / though引導的表語從句
C because, why引導的表語從句
what引導的主語從句表示結果或名詞reason作主語時，後面的表語從句表示原因時要用that引導，不宜用because。
D 使用虛擬語氣的表語從句
在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞後的表語從句，謂語動詞需用"should+動詞原形"表示，should可省略。常見的詞有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea等。
（四）同位語從句
同位語從句用於對前面的名詞作進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內容。同位語從句一般由that引導，但也可以由whether以及連接代詞和連接副詞引導。
A 同位語從句一般跟在名詞的後面
同位語從句一般跟在名詞fact, hope, idea, news, doubt, suggestion, information, opinion, decision, discovery, truth, promise, statement, problem, rule等後面。
B 使用虛擬語氣的同位語從句
在一些表示「建議、命令、要求」的名詞後的同位語從句中，謂語動詞用"should + 動詞原形"，should可省略。
Ⅸ 初中生應掌握的復合句的簡介用法及例句,謝謝！！！(急求）
初中英語復合句總復習
初中英語教材中涉及到的復合句主要有：The Object Clause (賓語從句)、The Adverbial Clause (狀語從句) 和 The Attributive Clause (定語從句)。其它諸如主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句等形式的復合句盡管在教材中也有出現，但在中考中沒有被列為重點考查范圍。
一、The Object Clause (賓語從句)
賓語從句是英語中用來充當賓語的句子。帶有賓語從句的那個句子叫主句。賓語從句一般由「引導詞+主語+謂語+其它」構成，其語序是陳述句語序。
Note:
難點
1. 避免重復出現連接代詞或連接副詞；e.g. I can』t see that what is over there. （應去掉that）
2. 從句中的語序為陳述語序；e.gDo you know how old is she? (應改為：…how old she is)
3. 從句中的時態與主句時態前後呼應。She didn』t tell me when she will come. (應改為：when she would come)
三、轉換：由連接代詞和連接副詞引導的賓語從句可用疑問代詞和疑問副詞＋動詞不定式替代，進行句型上的轉換。
e.g. I』ve no idea what we』re going to do next. = I』ve no idea what to do next.
Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? = Could you tell me how to get to the post office?
難點：
賓語從句的時態
主句中謂語動詞是一般現在時，從句中謂語動詞的時態不受限制，可根據具體情況選用適當的時態；主句謂語動詞是一般過去時，從句中也必須要用某種過去時態，以保持時態的前後呼應。特別要注意的是當賓語從句表示的是客觀真理、科學原理、自然現象、名言時，則用一般現在時，不受主句時態的限制。試比較：
He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible.
He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible.
Tom says that he is mending his car.
Tom said that he was mending his car.
The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun.
賓語從句中考題練兵：
一、單項選擇
( ) 1. I don』t think he will come here on time, ? (重慶)
A. won』t he B. will he C. does he D. is he
( ) 2. Will you please tell me ? (上海)
A. where Pudong Airport is B. how far Pudong Airport was
C. how can we get to Pudong Airport D. when was Pudong Airport built
( ) 3. It』s not polite to ask people in England. (常州)
A. how much money you have got B. what the weather is like
C. what your city looks like D. how old are you
( ) 4. I wonder if he tonight. If he , I』ll let you know. (揚州)
A. will come; will come B. comes; comes C. will come; comes D. comes; will come
( ) 5. I can』t say I want to see him again. We haven』t seen each other for nearly three years.
A. how long B. how soon C. how often D. how much
( ) 6. Mr. Green told me that he on a trip next Sunday. (通化)
A. are going B. was going C. will go D. would going
( ) 7. Our geography teacher told us that Japan the east of China. (河北)
A. is in B. was in C. is to D. was to
( ) 8. Nobody knows he』ll come or not. (遼寧)
A. that B. if C. / D. whether
二、按要求改寫句子
1. 「Do you want to try something new?」 Tom』s mother asked him. (改為復合句,句意不變) (濟南)
Tom』s mother asked him to try something new.
2. Could you tell me the way to the station? (改寫句子,句意不變) (青島)
Could you tell me to the station?
3. 「I have finished my homework.」 John told me. (改為復合句,句意不變) (天津)
John told me that homework.
4. I don』t how I can reach the zoo. (改為簡單句) (宿遷)
I don』t know the zoo.
二、狀語從句是副詞性從句，其句法功能是修飾謂語或整個句子等，在句中作狀語，通常由從屬連詞引導。
Note: 1、在時間狀語從句中，主句和從句之間的時態應按下列規律確定。
1) 主句一般將來時，從句用一般現在時：e.g. The boy will be a writer when he grows up.
2) 主句含有情態動詞，從句用一般現在時：e.g. When the lights are red, the traffic must stop.
3) 主句為祈使句時，從句用一般現在時：e.g. Please don』t go to bed before you finish your homework.
4) 主句為一般過去時，從句也用過去時態：e.g. I liked reading when I was young.
2、 The Adverbial Clause of Condition (條件狀語從句)
1) 條件狀語從句通常由if或unless(=if not)引導，從句中常用一般時代替將來時，即if或unless後的句子謂語用一般現在時或一般過去時。但是，主句則通常用將來時，情態動詞或祈使句。
e.g. If he doesn』t come on time, we won』t know what to know.
He must come if he is told.
Please let me know if he comes back.
I』ll go there unless it rains.
2) If 條件句的替代形式：
（1）祈使句 + and/or + 陳述句（謂語動詞通常用將來時態）。其中，and表示句意順承；or表示轉折，意為「否則」。
e.g. If you work hard, you』ll pass the exam easily. = Work hard, and you』ll pass the exam easily.
If you don』t work hard, you』ll fall behind others. = Work hard, or you』ll fall behind others.
（2）用介詞with, without的替代形式：
e.g. If there is no water, the fish may die. = Fish may die without water.
If you help me, I』ll finish my task on time. = With your help/With the help of you, I』ll finish my task on time.
狀語從句中考題練兵：
一、單項選擇( ) 1. Somebody rang me up just now, but he hung up I could answer the phone.
A. when B. until C. before D. since
( ) 2. Mr Smith usually reads a newspaper he』s waiting for the bus. (徐州)
A. if B. the C. because D. while
( ) 3. You must leave here now your mother can get some more rest. (常州)
A. because B. though C. so that D. so
( ) 4. The meeting is important that you mustn』t miss it. (鹽城)
A. very B. such C. so D. too
( ) 5. –I』m going to the supermarket.
-- you are there, would you please buy me some vegetables? (鎮江)
A. If B. Because C. While D. After
( ) 6. –Do you know what he did all day? (鎮江)
--He spent as much time playing as he .
A. studying B. was studying C. studied D. did studying
( ) 7. If Mg in O2, we MgO, and it combination reaction(化學變化). (泰州)
A. will burn, get, calls B. burns, will get, called
C. will burn, can get, is calling D. burns, will get, is called
( ) 8. he talked with her for a long time, he failed to convince(說服)her. (黃岡)
A. Though B. But C. Since D. As
三、 The Attributive Clause (定語從句)
在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之後，對其先行詞起限定作用。
This is Tom.
Tom gave us a talk yesterday.
This is Tom who (that) gave us a talk yesterday.
先行詞 定語從句
引導定語從句的關系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which
引導定語從句的關系副詞有：where, when, why
一、 who, whom, whose引導的定語從句
1. who 在從句中作主語，不可省略，它所引導的定語從句所修飾的先行詞必須是人。
e.g. This is the doctor who came her yesterday.
2. whom在從句中作賓語，它所引導的定語從句所修飾的先行詞必須是人，可以省略。
e.g. The man (whom) you saw last week has left the town.
注意：在從句中作介詞賓語時，介詞一般可放在whom之前，也可放在原來的位置上。在含有介詞的固定動詞片語中介詞只能放在原來的位置上。e.g.
a) The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei. = The man whom I borrowed the book from is Li Lei.
(前句中的whom不可省略，後句中的whom可省略)
b) The girl whom he is taking care of is ill. (take care of是固定片語)
3. whose在從句中作定語，表示所屬關系，其所修飾的先行詞既可是人也可是物。
e.g. I know the woman whose husband is a doctor.
He lives in the house whose window faces south.
二、 that, which引導的定語從句
這兩個代詞均指物，它們所引導的定語從句所修飾的先行詞是物,通常情況下，它們可以互換。
1. that, which在從句中作主語，不可省略。
e.g. Hero is the film that/which was directed by Zhang Yimou.
2. that, which在從句中作賓語，可以省略。
e.g. Is this the film (that/which) you talked about last week?
注意：關系代詞在作介詞賓語時，只能用which且不能省略。
e.g. The house in which he once lived is a meeting-room. = The house (which) he once lived in is a meeting-room.
知識拓展：
引導定語從句的關系代詞that和which，在一般情況下，盡管可以互換使用，但在下列情況下，只能用that，而不用which：
1. 先行詞是復合不定代詞everything, anything, nothing等時。
e.g. She didn』t forget anything (that) her mother had told her to buy.
2. 先行詞被序數詞或the last修飾時。
e.g. This is the first textbook (that) I studied in the primary school.
He is in the last row that is next to the window.
3. 先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。
e.g. That is the highest building (that) I have ever seen.
4. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same等修飾時。
e.g. This is the very novel (that) you want to borrow.
5. 先行詞是或被all, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時，
e.g. I』ve written down all (that )the teacher doesn』t allow us to do.
They haven』t got any dictionaries (that) we need.
6. 先行詞既包含人又包含物時。
e.g. He told us many interesting things and persons (that) we had never heard.
7. 主句是以who, which引導的特殊疑問句時。
e.g. Who is the man (that) you spoke to just now?
Which is the book that was stolen by him?
8. 先行詞是主句的表語或關系代詞在定語從句中作表語時。
e.g. China is no longer the country (that) it used to be.
三、關系副詞where, when, why引導的定語從句（在從句中作狀語）
1. where表示地點，它引導的定語從句修飾表地點的先行詞。
e.g. This is the village where he was born.
c.f. This is the village (that/which) he visited last year.
2. when表示時間，它引導的定語從句修飾表時間的先行詞。
e.g. I』ll never forget the day when I joined the League.
c.f. I』ll never forget the day (that/which) we spent together.
3. why表示原因，它引導的定語從句修飾表原因的先行詞。
e.g. The reason why he didn』t come yesterday is quite clear.
定語從句專練：
一、單項選擇
( ) 1. The number of people lost homes reached as many as 250,000.
A. which B. who C. whom D. /
( ) 2. This is the most beautiful part I have visited.
A. which; ever B. that; never C. which; yet D. that; ever
( ) 3. My necklace is not the only thing is missing.
A. that B. which C. what D. /
( ) 4. We』re talking about Tonny, you met yesterday.
A. with who B. whom C. which D. that
( ) 5. Is this the very museum some Japanese visitors visited last Wednesday?
A. one B. where C. that D. which
( ) 6. The book cover is red is Tom』s.
A. which B. that C. / D. whose
( ) 7. The place I grew up is a beautiful town.
A. which B. that C. where D. from which
( ) 8. I don』t think the number of people this happens is very large.
A. who B. to which C. that D. to whom
( ) 9. Do you still remember one evening a week ago I came to your room and borrowed a dictionary?
A. before B. which C. when D. as
( )10. Is that the novel about they talked in class yesterday?
A. which B. that C. who D. /
二、找錯並改正。
1. The village which my friends live is very far away.
2. I really can』t believe people who talk many but do little.
3. The pen with that I』m writing was given by a friend of mine.
4. He lives in the house which window faces south.
5. The student with that you talked is from Shanghai.
Ⅹ 英語初三復合句
兩道題原因是一樣的：where是關系副詞，是不能在引導的定語從句中充當主語的，只能充當地點狀語。而顯然兩道題中的定語從句都缺了主語，所以只能選關系代詞which。