虛擬語氣高考英語

『壹』 高考英語之虛擬語氣歸納整理的注意事項

使用虛擬條件句時要注意的幾點：
1．當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發生的時間不一致時，被稱為「錯綜時間條件句」，動詞的形式要根據它所表示的時間作出相應的調整。如：
If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.
If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graate from a college in four years』 time.
2．if 省略句
在條件句中可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首 , 變為倒裝句式。如：
If I were at school again, I would study harder.
→ Were I at school again, I would study harder.
If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.
→ Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
→ Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
注意：若省略的條件句中的謂語動詞是否定形式時，不能用動詞的縮略形式。如：我們可以說：Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 但不能說：Weren't it for the expense, I would go abroad now.
3．用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。常用的介詞有with, without, but for。如：
What would you do with a million dollars? ( = if you had a million dollars)
We couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help. ( = if we hadn't got your help)
But for the rain ( = If it hadn't been for the rain ), we would have finished the work.
4．含蓄條件句
有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中並不總是出現if引導的條件句，而通過其他手段來代替條件句。
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet. (副詞)
He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (連詞)
A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. （定語從句）
I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. (連詞)
Everything taken into consideration, they would have raiser their output quickly. (獨立主格結構)
混合型與含蓄型虛擬語氣
1。混合型虛擬語氣：
當虛擬條件從句與結果主語所表達的時間不一致時，被稱為「混合條件句」，這種虛擬語氣被稱為「混合型虛擬語氣」，動詞的形式要根據它所表達的時間作相應調整。如：
If you had followedthe doctor's advice ,he would be all right now.(條件從句表達的時間是過去，因此用had+過去分詞；主句表示的時間是現在，因此用would+動詞原形)
2.含蓄型虛擬語氣：
有時候，虛擬條件不是通過if引導的條件句來表示，而是暗含在上下文中
（1）.用but for 、without(如果沒有）等來代替條件從句，如
Without electricity human life would be quite different=If there were no electricity ,human life would be quite different
(2) 用otherwise、or(or else),even though等表示與上文的情況相反，從而引出虛擬語氣。如：
I lost your address.Otherwise,I would have visited you long before. =I lost your address.If I hadn't lost your address ,I would have visited you long before.
(3) 虛擬條件通過but暗示出來。如：
He would have given you more help,but he was too busy
他本來會給你更多的幫助，但是他太忙了。也就是說，如果那時他不忙，他可以給你更多的幫助。句中but he was too busy實際上暗示了一個虛擬條件——如果那時他不忙
He would lose weight,but he eats too much
他本來可以減肥的，但是他吃的太多了。也就是說，如果他吃得不多的話，他是可以減肥的。句中的but he eats too much實際上暗示了一個虛擬條件——如果他吃得不多。

『貳』 高考英語虛擬語氣試題

典型高考英語陷阱題詳解·虛擬語氣 2008-09-14 07:46 P.M. 1. I forget where I read the article, or I _________ it to you now.A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。【分析】正確答案選B。根據上文的語境可知句中的 or 隱含有一個虛擬的條件，即 or=if I didn』t forget where I read the article（要是我沒忘記我在哪兒讀過這篇文章的話——但事實上忘了）。2. 「It looks as if he were drunk.」 「So it does. _________.」
A. He』d better give up drinking B. He shouldn』t have drunk so much C. Health is more important than drink D. I wonder why he is always doing so【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選，主要是受句中 drunk 一詞的影響。【分析】最佳答案為D。關鍵信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虛擬語氣，句子既然用了虛擬語氣，也就是說，「他喝醉了」不是事實，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是D。3. 「Mary looks hot and dry」 「So _________ you if you had so high a fever.」A. do B. are C. will D. would【陷阱】容易誤選A或C。選A者，認為前後兩句的動詞性質應一致；選C者，認為其後帶有if 條件狀語從句，從語氣上看，主句應用將來時態。【分析】此題最佳答案為D。分析如下：(1) 「so + 助動詞 + 主語」是一個很有用的結構，它表示「……也一樣」時。如：He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜歡看電視，我也一樣。When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 當動植物消失的時候，人類也會隨之消失。(2) 由於空格後的 if 條件狀語從句的謂語用的是虛擬語氣（這是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案應選D。4. 「He will come tomorrow.」 「But I』d rather he _________ the day after tomorrow. A. will come B. is coming C. came D. had come【陷阱】容易誤選A或B。根He will come tomorrow 以及下文的時間狀語 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白處應填一個一般將來時態。【分析】但此題的最佳答案是 C。按照英語習慣，would rather 後接that 從句時，從句謂語通常要用虛擬語氣，即用過去式表示現在或將來，用過去完成時表示過去。又如：that I』d rather you left right now. 我寧願你現在就離開。I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更願這事被遺忘掉。I』d rather he hadn』t told me about it. 我寧願他沒告訴我這事。5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _________ badly wounded and that he _________ at once.
A. should be; be operated on B. were; must be operated onC. was; should be operated D. was; be operated on【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。【分析】最佳答案選 D。insist後的從句謂語有時用「should+動詞原形」這樣的虛擬語氣，有時不用，具體要看該謂語動詞所表示的含義。一般說來，若該謂語動詞所表示的動作尚未發生，或尚未成為事實，則用虛擬語氣；若該謂語動詞所表示的動作已經發生，或已經成為事實，則要用陳述語氣。分析上題的句意，可知只有選D最合適。6. _________ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
A. Was he given up B. Had he given upC. Did he give D. If he gave up【陷阱】容易誤選 D。【分析】正確答案應選B。之所以不能選D，是因為時態前後有矛盾。由於主句謂語是would not have got，這表明是對過去事實作出的假設，所以從句謂語應該是 had given up，而不是像D項那樣用一般過去時。另外，當虛擬條件句中有 had, should, were 等詞時，通常可以省略 if，並將 had, should, were 提前置於句首。又如：Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down.= If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他們停止做廣告，價錢會降下來。Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion.= If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那裡，我會把那場面拍攝下來了。

『叄』 高考英語虛擬語氣語法總結

虛擬語氣，對過去虛擬，從句用過去完成時

虛擬語氣是一種動詞形式，表示說話人的一種願望，假設，懷疑，猜測， 建議等含義，虛擬語氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實。

If I were you, I'd take them away.

如果我是你的話，我就會帶走他們。

If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him.

如果我碰見了李華，我就告訴了他了。

If I had time. I could come to help you.

如果我有時間，我會來幫助你的。

He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups.

他建議說我們的班應該分成五個小組。

He speaks to us as if he had been there.

他給我們講的好象他去過那兒。

虛擬語氣的用法

1) 虛擬語氣用在簡單句中，表示祝願，命令。

May you be happy.

祝你幸福。

May you have a good time.

祝願你玩的痛快。

May the friendship between us last long.

祝願我們的友情天長地久。

Have a good journey!

祝願你旅途愉快！

You go out！

你出去！

2) 虛擬語氣用在賓語從句中。動詞 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等詞後面的賓語從句表示的是一種虛擬語氣， 賓語從句中的動詞動作表示的只是一種願望，要求。

I wish she would be on my side.

我希望她能站在我一邊。

I wish I could help him.

我希望我能幫助他。

He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.

他堅持要我們大家想盡辦法按時去那兒。

動詞 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 後面的從句中，"should" 可以省略。

The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.

老師建議我們課後把黑板擦了。

He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.

他要求學生每周都要自己洗衣服。

3) 虛擬語氣用在主語從句中。

在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... " 中，that 後面的從句中的謂語動詞用： should + 動詞原形

It's necessary that we should have a walk now.

我們有必要出去散散步。

It's natural that she should do so.

她這樣做是很自然的。

It's important that we should take good care of the patient.

重要的是我們要照顧好病人。

4) 虛擬語氣用在狀語從句中。

虛擬語氣最多地用在表示條件的狀語從句和表示結果的主句中。在表示與事實相反的虛擬語氣時，動詞有三種時態形式，即現在，過去和將來。

與現在事實相反的：

條件從句 結果從句
If I (we,you,he,they)+ 動詞過去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 動詞原形。 He (you,they) would + 動詞原形。

與過去事實相反的：

條件從句 結果從句
If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 過去分詞 I(we)should + have+ 過去分詞。He (you,they) would + have + 過去分詞。

If I were you, I should buy it.

如果我是你，我就買了它。

If I had time, I would study French.

如果我有時間，我會學習法語的。

If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.

如果她懂英語的話，她不會找我幫忙的。

If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.

如果你早一點起床，就會趕上火車的。

If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping.

如果明天天氣好，我就去買東西。

有關虛擬語氣的幾個問題：

1) 有時if引導的狀語從句可以省略 if，而把從句中的動詞 were, had 或 should 移到主語前面。

Were she younger, she would do it .

如果她年青點， 她就會乾的。

Had he known her address, he would had gone to visite her.

如果他知道她的地址，他會去看她的。

2) 有時表示虛擬語氣的條件從句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一個主句或者一個條件從句。

I could help you.

我本來可以幫助你。

If I had time.

我要有時間該多好啊。

She should have come to the party.

她應該來參加聚會。

If he had much more money.

如果他有更多的錢就能...。

3) 虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動詞動作可以和主句的動詞動作時態不一致。

If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.

如果他們以前努力學習的話，現在乾的就會容易些。

If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.

如果他不聽取我的建議，他就不會幹得這樣好。

『肆』 高考英語之虛擬語氣歸納整理的例句

He is honest. 他很誠實。 （陳述語氣）
Don『t be late next time. 下次別遲到。 （祈使語氣）
If I were you ，I would not go. 我要是你，我專就不會屬去。 （虛擬語氣）
I wish I had a lot of money. 要是我有很多很多錢就好了。 （虛擬語氣）

『伍』 在英語高考中最全面的虛擬語氣的用法

① 虛擬來現在時表示與現在事實相自反的假設，其if 從句的謂語形式用動詞的過去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +動詞原形，例如：If I were in your position I would marry her.
② 虛擬過去時是表示與過去事實相反的假設，if 從句的謂語形式用過去完成時即had＋過去分詞，主句用would / should / could / might + have +過去分詞，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.
③ 大多數的虛擬條件句屬於上面三種情況的一種，但並不排除存在條件和後果中，一個和現在情況相反，另一個和過去情況相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not be so painful now.過去的選擇對現在造成了後果。

還有一種因為違反常理而不會發生的事情，比如不日出，if句用過去時，主句用would加動詞

『陸』 高考英語虛擬語氣用法總結

一.概念: 動詞虛擬語氣表示說話人的願望, 假設, 猜測, 建議, 請求, 意圖, 設想等未能或不可能成為事實的情況, 或者在說話人看來實現可能性很小的情況, 而不表示客觀存在的現實

二.虛擬語氣的表現形式: 通過句中謂語動詞的特殊形式來表現. 這些特殊形式與謂語動詞的某些時態相同, 但它們只表示語氣, 而不表示時態, 但含有一定的時間概念

虛擬語氣的用法

一.虛擬語氣在簡單句中的用法: 謂語動詞用原形或may +動詞原形

1.表示祝願

a. Long live our country.

b. May you succeed.

c. May you be happy all your life.

2.表示命令

a. Everybody leave the room.

二.虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的用法: (使用虛擬語氣的含條件句的復合句稱為真實條件句)

1.表示與現在事實相反的情況時, if從句的謂語用動詞的過去式 (be動詞的過去式多用were, 而不用was), 主句的謂語用should / would / could / might +動詞原形 (should多用於第一人稱, would多用於二三人稱, could / might可用於所有人稱)

a. If I had more time, I should study computer better.

b. If he were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.

c. If they didn』t take exercises every day, they wouldn』t be so healthy.

d. If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning.

e. If she invited me, I should go to the party.

2.表示與過去事實相反的情況時, if從句的謂語用had done形式, 主句的謂語用should / would / could / might + have done的形式

a. If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party.

b. I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday』s exam.

c. If you had taken the teacher』s advice, you would not have failed in the exam.

3.表示與將來事實相反的情況時, if從句的謂語形式是: ①.完全動詞過去式 (be的過去式通常用were); ②.should +動詞原形; ③.were to do. 其中②, ③種情況都含有出乎意料之外之意; 主句的謂語的形式是: should / would / could / might +動詞原形

a. If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.

b. If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.

c. If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him.

d. I might come back if I were to miss the train.

三.虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中用法的幾個變體:

1.條件從句省略if: 在書面語中, 如果條件從句中的謂語中有were, had, should等詞, 可將if省略, 而把were, had, should放在句首

a. Were I you (=If I were you ), I would get up early very early.

b. Had you arrived (=If you had arrived ) at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train.

2.省略條件從句或主句, 省略部分的含義仍有所體現. 省略主句時, 表示己不能實現的願望

a. You could have done it yourself (if you had wanted to).

b. I wouldn』t smoke (if I were you).

c. If my old friends were with me! (要是老朋友和我在一起該多好啊)

d. If you could have seen the wonderful film!

3.主從句時間不一致時, 主從句謂語動詞的形式取決於要表示的具體時間

a. You would speak English well if you had practised speaking it every day.

b. If she hadn』t trained so hard, she wouldn』t be able to run so fast.

4.假設的條件不以條件從句, 而以其他方式如介詞短語、從句等表達出來, 這種句子稱為含蓄條件句

a. What would you do with a million dollars?

b. Without music, the world would be a ll place.

c. We could have done better with more money.

d. He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy.

四.虛擬語氣在as if / though從句中的用法:

1.表示與現在事實相反或對相在情況有所懷疑, as if / though從句謂語用過去式

a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England.

b. She looked as if she were ill.

2.表示與過去事實相反的情況, as if / though從句謂語用過去完成式

a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired.

五.虛擬語氣在含even if / though從句的復合句中的用法:

在此類復合句中, 若表示與事實相反, 可用虛擬語氣形式. 主從句的謂語動詞形式與非真實條件句相同

a. Even if I were rich, I would work.

六.虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法:

如果表示說話人的看法, 想法或意見, 在句型 It is / was + adj. + that從句中, 主語從句中可用虛擬語氣. 主語從句中謂語動詞用should do表示現在或將來情況, 用should have done表示過去情況

a. It is necessary that you should clean the lab before you left.

b. It is important that you should take the doctor』s advice.

c. It was very strange that he should have left without say goodbye.

七.虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法:

1.在wish的賓語從句中, 通常表示不可能實現或沒有實現的願望, 常用虛擬語氣

①.wish的賓語從句用過去式, 表示現在或將來沒有實現或不可能實現的願望

a. I wish I knew the result of the match now.

b. I wish it were spring here all the year round.

c. I wish I could help you.

d. I wish I were young.

②.wish的賓語從句用過去完成式, 表示過去沒有實現或不可能實現的願望

a. We wish we had got the film tickets last night.

b. I wish you I had met him yesterday.

③.wish的賓語從句若用would, 則一般表示請求, 對現狀不滿或希望未來有所改變

a. I wish the prices would come down.

b. I wish you would help me.

c. I wish he would be more careful.

d. We wish you would spend the holiday with us.

2.在動詞suggest (建議), advise (建議), demand (要求), require (要求), order (命令), insist (堅持)後的賓語從句中, 謂語動詞常用( should )+動詞原形的虛擬語氣形式

a. I suggested that we should go there at once.

b. I demand that he should answer me at once.

c. The doctor insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks.

d. The officer ordered that the soldiers should stop playing.

與名詞suggestion建議 / advice 建議 / demand要求 / request要求 / order命令有關的從句(包括同位語從句和表語從句等)中的謂語也用 ( should ) +動詞原形

a. The black people made a strong demand that the government ( should ) take steps to change the unfair situation.

b. Their demand is that the government should take steps to change the unfair situation.

c. I was Bill』s suggestion that everybody should have a map.

d. His suggestion was that everybody should have a map.

八.虛擬語氣用在句型: It is time that(該做某事了)中: that從句中的謂語動詞用過去式

a. It is time we got up.

九.虛擬語氣用在if only引導的感嘆句中: 表示但願, 要是就好了, 其中謂語形式與wish的賓語從句相同

a. If only he didn』t drive so fast! ( =I wish he didn』t drive so fast.)

b. If only he had taken the doctor』s advice. ( =I wish he had taken the doctor』s advice.)

c. If only the rain would stop! ( =I wish the rain would stop.)

十.虛擬語氣用在would rather / prefer後的that從句中: 表示現在或將來情況謂語動詞用過去時形式, 表示過去情況動詞用過去完成時形式

a. I would rather he came next Saturday.

b. I would prefer you had seen the film yesterday.

c. I would rather that he painted the house blue

『柒』 高中英語虛擬語氣

1.If only I had sent Maggie an e-mail telling her my arrival time yesterday.(if only)
2.Our proct wouldn't have become a best-seller but for the advertisements we have been marking.(but for)
3.Without the Internet,global communication wouldn't be easy.(without)
4.The government issued a new policy to help the jobless, otherwise they would have suffered.(otherwise)
5.The factory on fire wouldn't have been saved ,supposed the firefighters hadn't arrived in time.(suppose)
6.I would rather that I had gone to Beijing by train as my fight was delayed for so long.(would rather)
7.He greeted me with a smile as if/though he had known me.(as if/as though/