大學英語寫作說明文

⑴ 大學英語競賽要寫議論文和說明文，兩者結構和格式是怎樣的有什麼區別

只要你肯在復英語上面花功夫絕對制沒有問題。下面我給你一些我個人認為有效的學習英語的方法，你根據自己的情況借鑒以下吧！ 1英語的學習沒有捷徑，靠的是你的積累，也就是說英語是積累性的學習，你要堅持。 2詞彙是學習英語的基礎，高考生要有5000的詞彙量來應付高考，詞彙的積累很重要，每天分配一些時間專攻一下詞彙，並且要重復的去復習，這樣單詞的記憶才可以達到長期記憶的效果。 3通過讀課文和做題來進行對於詞彙以及語法的鞏固和考察，這樣你的學校效果會很明顯的 4不要害怕自己學不好英語，不是你學不好而是你自己太給自己壓力了，只要堅持每天一定的時間專攻英文，是肯定會有收獲的，再加上你別的科目考的好一些，英語成績也上去了，那麼你的實力不是要增強很多嗎？ 5堅持堅持再堅持，每天的時間自己可以進行調整的，但是一定每天都要堅持！祝你英語快快的進步，但是要一步一個腳印的好好走！加油！

⑵ 大學生寫的英語說明文和描寫文去哪裡找啊

網路文庫啊 那是個好東東 注冊一個帳號可以下許多你需要的

⑶ 全國大學生英語競賽（NECCS）說明文的三種寫作方法與練習

可以去 中華英語學習網（100yingyu）上看看～～那裡面有一些很好的英語專考試資料，應該會對你有幫助屬，我們班上一般就在那裡找資料，個人感覺很好～～
因為不能在這裡面輸入網址，你可以直接在網路中輸入 中華英語學習網 搜索一下就出來了～～～

中華英語學習網

⑷ 跪求全英文說明文5篇(150字左右)

My computer

I have a computer ,it is a very new one ,and it is very expensive ,so I love it very much and often clean it .The computer is a white one ,and from it I can know many different but interesting things. I also play games on it .I paly computer very well .Do you like computers?And do you have a computer ?please tell me about your opinion.I love person who discuss computers with me .And one day I will be a computer programmer .

MY COMPUTER
I have a computer which was bought by my parents for my birthday present.It's a new one ,it's name is Lenove which was made in China.It can store and work with large quantities of information and can do hard mathematical problems fast and help a person work with word and pictures.
With this computer I have learn lot of knowledge of computer,besides it I can use it for learning and enterment such as chating with others,watching TV and playing games.It was so useful that I can help but like it very much.

⑸ 怎麼寫大學英語作文的萬能結尾

1． 問題現狀2． 怎樣解決(解決方案的優缺點)

In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(說明A的現狀)．Second, ---------------(舉例進一步說明現狀)

Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解決方法一). For another -------------(解決方法二). Finally, --------------(解決方法三).

Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解決方法). Consequently, I』m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(帶來的好處).

02：大學英語四級作文模板：對比選擇型作文模板

When it comes to＿＿＿＿ ,different people hold different views .

Some contend that＿＿＿＿. For one thing,＿＿＿＿ .Foranother,＿＿＿ . In spite of all these claims, others maintain that ＿＿＿＿，They point out that＿＿＿＿ .Another instance often cited is that＿＿＿＿ .

It』s no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue.As for me, there』s some truth to both arguments .It』s advisable to ＿＿＿＿＿＿.

03：大學英語四級作文模板：說明利弊題型

這種題型往往要求先說明一下現狀，再對比事物本身的利弊，有時也會單從一個角度（利或弊）出發，最後往往要求考生表明自己的態度（或對事物前景提出預測）

1． 說明事物現狀

2． 事物本身的優缺點（或一方面）

3． 你對現狀（或前景）的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(A的優點之一). Besides -------------------（A的優點之二）.

But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(A的第一個缺點)．To make matters worse,------------------(A的第二個缺點)．

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)．

(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(對前景的預測)．)

04：大學英語四級作文模板：現象解釋型作文模板：

Recently, ＿＿＿＿What amazes us most is＿＿＿＿＿．It is true that ＿＿＿＿＿.There are many reasons explaining ＿＿＿＿＿＿．The main reason is＿＿＿＿＿ ，What is more, ＿＿＿＿＿，Thirdly, ＿＿＿＿＿．As a result, ＿＿＿＿＿．

Considering all these, ＿＿＿＿＿．For one thing, ＿＿＿＿For another, ＿＿＿＿．In conclusion, ＿＿＿＿．

05：大學英語四級作文模板：議論文的框架

(1) 不同觀點列舉型（ 選擇型 ）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 觀點一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___觀點一_____.

People,however,.Somepeoplehold the idea that ___觀點二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, thereis nodoubtthat ___觀點二______.

As far as I am concerned, Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat __觀點一或二______.Itis not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.

（2）利弊型的議論文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文題目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___優點一______. And secondly ___優點二_____.

Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺點一______. In addition, ____缺點二______.

To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and rece the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.

( 3 ) 答題性議論文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文題目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.

As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途徑一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____.

Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文題目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.

( 4 ) 諺語警句性議論文

It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___諺語_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____諺語的含義_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )

A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____諺語_____.

With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____諺語_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..

06：大學英語四級作文模板：問題解決型作文模板：

With the ＿＿＿＿of＿＿＿＿，So it is of great importance for us to＿＿＿＿ . On the one hand＿＿＿＿, On the other hand＿＿＿＿,

However, we have figured out many ways to ＿＿＿＿＿．Firstly, ＿＿＿＿So long as＿＿＿＿ . Secondly＿＿＿＿, Thirdly＿＿＿＿．In fact＿＿＿＿, That is because ＿＿＿＿.

In a word,＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．

07：大學英語四級作文模板：實用性寫作(申請信)

I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.

Best regards for your health and success.

Sincerely yours,

08：大學英語四級作文模板：對比觀點題型

（1） 要求論述兩個對立的觀點並給出自己的看法。

1． 有一些人認為怎麼樣

2． 另一些人認為怎麼樣

3． 個人看法

The topic of ①-----------------（主題）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).

While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三).

From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的觀點）. The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice . [NextPage]

（2） 給出一個觀點，要求考生反對這一觀點

Some people believe that ①----------------（觀點一）. For example, they think ②-----------------（舉例說明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(為他們帶來的好處).

In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意該看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反對的理由之二)．

Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我對文章所討論主題的看法)．

09：大學英語四級作文模板：現象說明文

Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.

There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.

What is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.

Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________

In Conclusion____________________.

一種事物或現象（負面意義傾向）

10：大學英語四級作文模板：闡述主題題型

要求從一句話或一個主題出發，按照提綱的要求進行論述。

1． 闡述名言或主題所蘊涵的意義。

2． 分析並舉例使其更充實。

The good old proverb ----------------（名言或諺語）reminds us that ----------------(釋義). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.

First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(舉例說明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(舉例說明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三)．

In my opinion, ----------------(我的觀點). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you」ll necessarily benefit a lot from it. From Joozone.com.

⑹ 大學英語作文說明文開頭怎麼寫微信

2016年中考已經進入倒計時,作文對語文成績十分重要,一定要加強作文練習,多多積累,多看範文。下面就讓我們欣賞一篇中考作文熱點預測。勵志類中考作文熱點預測:困境助

⑺ 英語寫作（議論文、記敘文、說明文）適用句型

一、… + …est + 名詞 +（that）+ 主詞 + haveever + seen（known/heard/had/read，etc） …the most + 形容詞 + 名詞 +（that）+ 主詞 + have ever + seen（known/heard/had/read，etc） 例句： Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海倫是我所看過最美麗的女孩。 Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 張老師是我曾經遇到最仁慈的教師。
二、Nothing is + …er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容詞 + than to + V 例句： Nothing is more important than to receive ecation. 沒有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、…cannot emphasize the importance of …too much.（再怎麼強調……的重要性也不為過） 例句： We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我們再怎麼強調保護眼睛的重要性也不為過。
四、There is no denying that + S + V …（不可否認的……） 例句： There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 不可否認的，我們的生活品質已經每況愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子…（全世界都知道……） 例句： It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道樹木對我們是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that + 句子…（毫無疑問的……） 例句： There is no doubt that our ecational system leaves something to be desired. 毫無疑問的我們的教育制度令人不滿意。
七、An advantage of …is that + 句子（……的優點是……） 例句： An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create（proce）any pollution. 使用太陽能的優點是它不會製造任何污染。
八、The reason why + 句子 …is that + 句子（……的原因是……） 例句： The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us. 我們必須種樹的原因是它們能供應我們新鮮的空氣。
九、So + 形容詞 + be + 主詞 + that + 句子（如此……以致於……） 例句： So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it. 時間是如此珍貴，我們經不起浪費它。
十、Adj + as + Subject（主詞）+ be，S + V…（雖然……） 例句： Rich as our country is，the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一點也不} 雖然我們的國家富有，我們的生活品質絕對令人不滿意。
十一、The +…er + S + V，…the + …er + S + V… The + more + Adj + S + V，…the + more + Adj + S + V…（愈……愈……） 例句：Theharderyouwork，themoreprogressyoumake. 你愈努力，你愈進步。 Themorebooksweread，themorelearnedwe become. 我們書讀愈多，我們愈有學問。
十二、By+Ving，…can…（借著……，……能夠……） 例句：Bytakingexercise，wecanalwaysstayhealthy. 借著做運動，我們能夠始終保持健康。 十三、…enable+Object（受詞）+to+V（……使……能夠……） 例句：. 聽音樂使我們能夠感覺輕松。
十四、Onnoaccountcanwe+V…（我們絕對不能……） 例句：. 我們絕對不能忽略知識的價值。 十五、Itistime+S+過去式（該是……的時候了） 例句： . 該是有關當局採取適當的措施來解決交通問題的時候了。
十六、Thosewho…（……的人……） 例句：. 違反交通規定的人應該受處罰。
十七、Thereisnoonebut…（沒有人不……） 例句：. 沒有人不渴望上大學。
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V（不得不……） 例句：，. 既然考試迫在眉睫，我不得不放棄做運動。
十九、It isconceivablethat+句子（可想而知的） Itisobviousthat+句子（明顯的） Itisapparentthat+句子（顯然的） 例句： importantroleinourlife. 可想而知，知識在我們的一生中扮演一個重要的角色。
二十、Thatisthereasonwhy……（那就是……的原因） 例句：Summerissultry.Thatisthereasonwhy Idon'tlikeit. 夏天很燠熱。那就是我不喜歡它的原因。
二十一、Forthepast+ 時間，S + 現在完成式。（過去……年來，……一直……） 例句：Forthepasttwoyears，. 過去兩年來，我一直忙著准備考試。
二十二、Since + S + 過去式，S + 現在完成式 例句：Sincehewenttoseniorhighschool，he hasworkedveryhard. 自從他上高中，他一直很用功。
二十三、Itpaysto + V……（……是值得的） 例句：Itpaystohelpothers. 幫助別人是值得的。
二十四、bebasedon（以……為基礎） 例句： harmony. 社會的進步是以和諧為基礎的。
二十五、Sparenoeffortto+V（不遺餘力的） 例句：. 我們應該不遺餘力的美化我們的環境。
二十六、bringhometo+人+事（讓……明白……事） 例句：. 我們應該讓人們明白努力的價值。
二十七、becloselyrelatedto…（與……息息相關） 例句：. 做運動與健康息息相關。
二十八、Getintothehabitof+Ving=makeitaruleto+V（養成……的習慣）
hours. 我們應該養成早睡早起的習慣。
二十九、Dueto/Owingto/Thanksto+N/Ving，…（因為……） 例句：Thankstohisencouragement，Ifinallyrealizedmydream. 因為他的鼓勵，我終於實現我的夢想。
三十、Whata+Adj+N+S+V！=How+Adj+a+N+V！（多麼……！） 例句：！ ！ 遵守諾言是多麼重要的事！
三十一、Leavemuchtobedesired（令人不滿意） 例句： tobedesired. 我們的交通狀況令人不滿意。
三十二、Haveagreatinfluenceon……（對……有很大的影響） 例句：. 抽煙對我們的健康有很大的影響。
三十三、dogoodto（對……有益），doharmto（對……有害） 例句：Readingdoesgoodtoourmind.讀書對心靈有益。 Overworkdoesharmtohealth.工作過度對健康有害。
三十四、Poseagreatthreatto…（對……造成一大威脅） 例句：. 污染對我們的生存造成一大威脅。
三十五、doone'sutmostto+V=doone'sbest（盡全力去……） 例句：. 我們應盡全力去達成我們的人生目標。
1. When asked about…, most people say… But many other people regard…as… I personally think…當被問及對……有什麼看法時，大多數人認為……但是，還有很多人認為……我個人認為……
2. When it comes to…, some people think that… Others argue that the opposite is true. There is probably some truth to both arguments, but…
涉及……這一問題，有的人認為應該……另一些人持相反意見。也許雙方的觀點都有一定道理，但是……
3. It is widely acknowledged that…contributed to… Experts argue that China must introce… But I doubt whether…alone will solve the problem。
人們普遍認為……專家認為中國必須推行……但我對僅僅……就能解決問題表示懷疑。
4. An increasing number of people are joining… In reaction to the phenomenon, some say… But do they realize that…can also lead to…
越來越多的人……進入了……針對這一現象，一些人認為……但是，他們有沒有意識到……也能導致……
5. One of the pressing problem facing our nation (China) today is…and…
我們國家(中國)如今面臨的緊迫問題之一是……
6. Perhaps the most dangerous phenomenon gripping the nation today is…
也許當今困擾國家的最危險的現象是……
7. Never before in history has the issue of…been more evident than now。
歷史上，……的問題從來沒有比現在更加突出。
8. Perhaps it is time to reexamine the idea that…
也許現在是應該重新考慮……的時候了。
9. A growing number of people are beginning to realize that…is not the sole prerequisite for happiness。
越來越多的人開始意識到……並不是幸福的唯一條件。
10. Years of observing human behavior has enabled me to conclude that the major difference between…and…lies solely with…
對人們行為的多年觀察使我能夠得出這樣的結論：……和……的主要區別僅僅在於……
11. There has been undesirable trend in recent years towards… A recent survey showed that…percent of respondents ranked…as their top priority, compared to…percent only a few years ago. Why do people fail to realize that…?
近年來出現了對社會有害的……傾向。最近的一項調查表明，……的調查對象把……作為他們的首選，相比之下，就在幾年前，只有……的人這樣想。為什麼人們沒能意識到……不一定帶來幸福呢？
12. I recently read a newspaper article on… The deplorable problem of…has aroused public concern nationwide。
最近，我在報紙上讀到一篇關於……的文章。……的問題令人深感遺憾，它已經引起了全國公眾的關注。
13. Judging from the reams of evidence presented, we can safely conclude that…
根據現有的大量證據，我們可以有把握地得出這樣的結論：……
14.Along with the development of…, more and more…
隨著……的發展，越來越多……
15.In the past few years, there has been a sharp growth/boom/decline in…
在過去幾年內，……有顯著增長/激增/明顯滑坡……
16.The ample evidence presented enables us to reasonably conclude that…
提出的充分證據使我們能夠合理地得出這樣的結論：……
17.While the rhythm/pace/tempo of people』s living is speeding up, a lot of changes have taken place in…
人民生活節奏加快的同時，……也發生了很多變化。
18.With the fantastic spur both in instry and its economy in China, the number of…is on the rise
隨著中國工業經濟的迅猛發展，……的數目不斷上升。
19.It is commonly believed that the rise in…is the inevitable result of economic development。
人們普遍認為，……的增長是經濟發展的必然結果。
20.In recent years, China has experienced an alarming increase in…
最近幾年來，中國……有了驚人的增長。
1我告訴他別亂動，否則照片沒法拍了。
I told him to stay put long enough for the photo to be taken
2晚會結束後，女孩子們留下來幫助清掃。
Girls stayed behind after the party to help clean up
3我一心只想幫忙，忘記了人多反而誤事。
I only wished to help， forgetting that it might turn out to be a case of too many cooks
4食堂的飯菜多得令人眼花繚亂，都不知道選什麼好了。
There are always a large varieties of food and dishes at our dining hall We are spoiled for choice
5在眾人面前發言總是令我緊張不堪。Speaking in front of a lot of people always gets on my nerves
6你會發現他這人一言九鼎。
You』ll find that he is just as good as his word
7我沒那樣講過。我搞不懂他為什麼硬說我講過了。
I didn』t say that I couldn』t understand why he put words in my mouth)
8點龍蝦呢還是要牛排呢，我吃不準。
I can』t decide between the lobster and the steak
9那件事最終促使我離職。
That decided me to leave my job
10我本想當畫家的，但命運卻為我另作了安排。
I had wanted to be a painter， but destiny decided otherwise
11他不會去的：他在這一點上相當堅決。
He won』t go: he』s quite decided about it
12他臉上流露著明顯的內疚。
Guilt was written all over his face
13他的英語並沒什麼了不起的。
His English is nothing much to write home about
14司機在車禍中只受了輕傷，倖免於難，但汽車卻完全報廢了。
The driver survived the crash with minor injuries， but the car was completely written of.

⑻ 求英文說明文模板

英文說明文模板,從比較對照、分類、特徵、因果、人物描寫、地點描寫、物體描寫分別講解，最後附上常用的句型。
說明文是對事情的發生、發展、結果、特徵、性質、狀態、功能等進行解釋、介紹、闡述的一種文體。這類文章的目的和性質是客觀地介紹、解釋事物，使讀者獲得知識和信息，並不需要發表主張、做出證明。一般說來，知識簡介，商品介紹，旅遊指南，科技讀物，工作總結，實驗報告，教材輔導等均屬說明文之列。
寫說明文，可以按時間、空間、結構、邏輯順序來寫，也可以採取舉例、比較、對比、分類、分析、說明、敘述等方法。
1.比較對照
比較對照有兩種，一是逐點比較，二是整塊比較，即AB交錯或先A後B：
1）逐點比較：多數人認為這種AB交錯的方式可以避免行文的單調沉悶，對比的效果更鮮明突出。如：
There are basic differences between largeand small enterprises. In a small enterprise, you operated mainly throughpersonal contacts. In a large enterprise, you have established 「policies」 ,「channels」 of organization, and fairly strict procere. In the smallenterprise you have immediate effectiveness in a very small area. You can seethe effect of your work and of your decisions ground. In the large organizationyou are normally taught one thing thoroughly. In the small one the danger is ofbecoming a Jack-of-all-trades-but-master-of-none. In the large it is ofbecoming the man who knows more and more about less and less.
2) 整塊比較
It is easy to be a winner. A winner canshow his joy publicly. He can laugh and sing and dance and celebrate hisvictory. People love to be with winners. Winners are never lonely. Unlikewinners, losers are the lonely ones of the world. It is difficult to facedefeat with dignity. Losers can not show their disappointment publicly. Theycan not cry or grieve about their defeat. They may suffer privately, but theymust be composed in public. They have nothing to celebrate and no one to sharetheir sadness.
2.分類
分類是人類認識客觀世界的重要手段之一，也是描寫事物、解釋觀點最有效的方式之一。通過將一事物分類，可使復雜事物變得清晰明了，便於作者闡述自己的觀點。
分類段落的各類排列要條理，可採用從主要到次要，從次要到主要，從多到少或從少到多等方式排列，亦可平行排列。如：
1） As far as political views are concerned, people fall into threecategories. First are the conservative people. Conservatives are opposed tosudden or great changes. Second are the liberal people.These people are infavor of progress and reform. But their opinions often seem to idealistic. Thethird type is the moderate people. The moderates keep everything withinreasonable limits. They are more practical in this hard world. In my opinion,most people seem to belong to this group.
本段採用平行排列的方式，按人的政治觀點分為三類：保守、自由和溫和。
2) These are several reasons why I decidedtom attend Bingston University . First of all, the tuition is reasonable.Secondly, the university has a deferred payment plan., which lessons the loadof peasant families like mine. Another reason is that Bingston has the finestteachers in its graate program. My chief reason, however, is Bingston』sprogram in agriculture, my chosen field, which is recognized as the leader inthis area.
該段採用主次排列的方式，分析了作者決定上Bingston大學的原因。
3) According to Mr. Li, the fifteenstudents of his cLASS fall into three groups. Seven of them work hard and studywell. They always get good marks in examinations and are often praised by theteachers. Li calls them 「good students」. The monitor, the secretary of theYouth League, and the captain of the cLASS volleyball team, are quick infinding out what their fellow students are interested in or what they should doas a collective. They always organize proper activities at the proper time. SoLi calls them 「good organizers」. Four other students are very kind to theircLASSmates, always ready to lend them a helping hand. They help to clean thecLASSroom and the corridor even when they are not on ty. Li says that theyare 「 good comrades」. 「What about yourself?」 someone asks him. 「I』m a group bymy self ——a good observer」.
該段不同於以上兩段，不是先分類再解釋，而是先說明其特點，然後定義分類。雖分類並不科學，卻達到了其幽默之目的。
3.特徵
例證指具體說明人或事物特點、本質及其規律的方法。所用例子需有代表性、典型性。例證型段落的寫作方式多為先提出主題再列舉事例。在事例之前一般有For example或For instance。例證後面，根據情況還可以加上結論句。如：
In order to prevent non-smokers from beingaffected, measures must be taken to rece the chances of smoking. A lot ofwork can be done concerning this. For example, in some public places, such asin the theatres and cinemas, smoking should be forbidden. Even on the train orplane people should not be allowed to smoke. Doctors, teachers and governmentleaders should take the lead not to smoke. Above all, the harmfulness anddangers caused by smoking should be made known to all through newspapers,broadcast, or TV programs. Also the growing of tobacco and the proction ofcigarettes should not be encouraged. If these measures can be taken, we caneffectively rece the chances of smoking.
4 因果
因果是兩個事物之間的關系。一些說明文，議論文通過分析因果關系說明一個中心思想。如不能把因果關系解釋清楚，文章將無法說明任何主題。
因果型段落的擴展模式有兩種，一是分類編法，另一個是連環編排法。如果只討論成因或只討論結果，細節比較簡單，只需按其重要性或其邏輯順序進行編排。分類編排法指先討論原因，然後討論結果；或先討論結果，後討論原因。
1）分類編排法：
Music is my chief hobby. When I listen tomusic, good things happen to me. If I am lonely or homesick, I listen to popmusic. The quick rhythm, the strong beats of drums lift my sprits. If I amfamiliar with a song, I will sing alone with it and my depression disappears.When I am bored or very tired, I listen to Mozart. His music makes me feelalive. Music also reminds me of home. Before I came to college, my sisters andI would listen to music and sing songs together and cheer us. Now I enjoylistening to music and singing with my roommates because their smiles make meremember the happy times with my family. For me, music is an excellent escape,and without it, I wouldn』t be so happy。
2) 連環編排法是先討論一組因果，再一組因果，再一組因果，形成一個鎖鏈。當因果緊密相連，前一果為後一果之因時，經常使用這種方式。
Students shouldn』t stay up so late. Becauseof the pressure of examinations, many students burn night candles. The nextday, they have to get enough sleep. As a result, many of them get sleepy inClASs. They couldn』t catch what the teacher says. Not having studied theirlessons well, they find it difficult to make good performance in examinations.So, it is not worthwhile to stay up late if you want to study well.
5.人物描寫
人物描寫包括外部特徵、性格特徵、思想狀態、行為語言等，用於表現人物精神面貌、披露人物內心活動、揭示人物性格變化，藉以突出作品主題思想。如：
My sister is a boyish girl. She has shortand straight hair like a boy』s. She likes white, black and grey colors, as mostboys do. She never cares for shirts, stockings but loves jackets and jeans.Sometimes she wears a men』s suit and leather shores as if she were a gentleman.Basketball and football are her favorite sports. She also enjoys watchingboxing. She always shouts and cheers excitedly when she is watching a footballmatch. When she is with her friends, she always says Ladies first」 to othergirls. The most interesting thing is that she has been mistaken for a boy manytimes. And she is pleased with that. She always says that she should be a boy.
第一句作者明確表示他眼中的妹妹是個男孩子氣十足的小姑娘。這樣讀者大都會在心中勾畫出一種從長相、穿著到言談舉止都特男孩化的女孩。下文作者正是通過穿著、外貌和性格等方面向讀者展現一個活生生的人物形象。
6.地點描寫
地點描寫指用生動形象的語言對某一地點、某一環境進行具體逼真的描繪，使讀者如臨其境、如睹其物。地點描寫的對象可大可小，在可以為城市、國家，小可是一間教室，一個房間。
地點描寫自然按空間順序排列，作者應立足於一個出發點，由遠及近，由近到遠，從里到外，從外到里，由左到右，或由右到左進行描寫，順序不可混亂，否則讀者會迷失方向。如下面一段作者從大門開始，由外向里逐步介紹學校的布置，讀者如同跟著作者參觀了一所校園。
Now I will show you around our school. Itis one of the largest middle schools in the city. When you step into the gate,you will see a beautiful flower bed before you. In the middle of the flower bedthere is a fountain with many colored flowers around it. If you walk along theschool road, you will come to the playground, on each side of which are rows oftrees. We often read books under the trees. On the right of the playground aretwo ClASsroom buildings. On the left is the newly-built four-storyed building.I』m lucky to study here. I love my school very much.
7.物體描寫
描寫物體時應側重物的形狀、規格大小、顏色和功能。任何一段文字都應有敘述的中心，對物的描寫也不例外。同樣，主題句也應反映出作者對所要描寫物體的看法、態度。如：
The first thing I notice in the bride』sroom is the beautiful curtain. This curtain is patchwork in design, and is sewnout of squares of materials of different colors like white, light green, brownand orange. It is made of silk, trimmed with delicate braids. It is about sixfeet long and hangs from a wooden rail. The curtain matches perfectly with thedark wooden rail and furniture in the room.
通過主題句可以看出作者想向讀者描寫的是一幅漂亮的窗簾。
1．表示原因
1）There are three reasons for this．
2）The reasons for this are as follows．
3）The reason for this is obvious．
4）The reason for this is not far to seek．
5）The reason for this is that．．．
6）We have good reason to believe that．．．

2．表示好處
1）It has the following advantages．
2）It does us a lot of good．
3）It benefits us quite a lot．
4）It is beneficial to us．
5）It is of great benefit to us．

3．表示壞處
1）It has more disadvantages than advantages．
2）It does us much harm．
3）It is harmful to us．
4．表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能
1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for sb．todo sth．
2）We think it necessary to do sth．
3）It plays an important role in our life．

5．表示措施
1）We should take some effective measures．
2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties．
3）We should do our utmost in doing sth．
4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．

6．表示變化
1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．
2）A great change will certainly be proced in theworld』s communications．
3）The computer has brought about many changes inecation．

7．表示事實、現狀
1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．．
2）No one can deny the fact that．．．
3）There is no denying the fact that．．．
4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interestedin．
5）However，that』s not the case．
8．表示比較
1）Compared with A，B．．．
2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV．
3）There is a striking contrast between them．

9．表示數量
1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．．
2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000．
3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％ compared with that of January．

10．表示看法
1）People have（take，adopt，assume）differentattitudes towards sth．
2）People have different opinions on this problem．
3）People take different views of（on）the question．
4）Some people believe that．．．Othersargue that．．．

11．表示結論
1）In short，it can be said that ．．．
2）It may be briefly summed up as follows．
3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ．．．

12．套語
1）It』s well known to us that ．．．
2）As is known to us，．．．
3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about．
4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，itcan be seen that ．．．
5）As a proverb says，「Wherethere is a will，there is a way．

⑼ 英語說明文

An eraser is an article of stationery that is used for removing pencil markings. Erasers have a rubbery consistency and are often pink or white. Some pencils have an eraser on one end. Typical erasers are made from synthetic rubber, but more expensive or specialized erasers are vinyl, plastic, or gum-like materials. Cheaper erasers can be made out of syntheticsoy-based gum.

--http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eraser