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英語必修14語法

發布時間: 2021-03-02 05:30:00

① 高一英語必修1—4的語法歸納

可以知道高一英語必修1至4單元的語法內容嗎?

② 英語必修1,2,3,4語法整理

學習英語必修的語法主要有:
1.句子的基本結構。例如:主語+謂語+賓語或版者主語+系動詞+表語等等;
2.一些權單詞的固定搭配,例如:動詞短語,介詞短語..
3.英語的地方風情所造成的固定語法,注意與漢語區分;
4.句子的時態、語態及各種從句的用法;
5.注意學習英語與應用英語互相結合,在具體的應用中體驗英語的奧秘。
知識是逐步積累而成的,慢慢學習英語,逐步掌握好英語,進而能夠應用自如。

③ 高一英語必修四語法總結(外研社版)

您好, 高一英語必修四語法總結(外研社)
高一英語必修4

重要詞彙拓展
1 achievement n.成就,功績→achieve v.達到,完成,實現
2 welfare n 福利事業,福利
3. project n.方案, 計劃,, 設計,工程, 企業, 事業,科研項目; 課外自修項目
vi. ①伸出, 突出 ②設想自已處身於(into)
4. specialist n.專家,專業工作者→special adj.特殊的,專門的→specialize vi.專攻,專門從事
5. connection n.連接,關系→connect v.連接
6. condition n. 狀況(不可數),條件(可數),環境(復數)on no condition 決不
7.organization n.組織,機構,團體 organize—vt.組織;籌備, 成立; 使加入工會,使有條理
8.behave v.舉止,表現→behavior n.行為,舉止
9. shade n.陰涼處 v.遮住光線
10.▲ worthwhile adj.值得的,值得做的 It is worthwhile doing sth./ to do sth.
worth adj.值……,值得…… be worth doing
worthy adj.值得做的,可尊敬的 be worthy of sth/ being done be worthy to be done
11. observe v.觀察,觀測,遵守→observation n.觀察,觀測
12. respect v./n.尊敬,尊重,敬意→respectable adj.值得尊敬的,正派的,體面地→respectful adj.有禮貌的,恭敬的
13. argue .v.爭論,辯論→argument n.爭論,辯論 argued-adj 引起爭論的
14.entertainment-n 款待,娛樂 entertain-v 款待;招待,娛樂,抱有,懷著(想法、疑問)
15. crowd n.人群,觀眾 v.擠滿,使擁擠→crowded adj.擁擠的
16. inspire v.鼓舞,激發→inspired adj.受到鼓舞的,有靈感的→inspiring adj.鼓舞人的→inspiration n.鼓舞,靈感
17 support v.支持,擁護→supporter n.支持者,擁護者
18.refer-vi 談到,查閱,參考
19.intend v.計劃,打算→intention n.打算,目的,意圖
20.considerate adj.考慮周到的→consider v.考慮,認為
→consideration n考慮,體諒→considering prep考慮到
21.kind adj 仁慈的,和善的,友愛的kindness –n 仁慈,好意,善良
22.deliver v.遞送,生(小孩),接生,發表(演講等)→delivery n.投遞,交貨,分娩
23.modest adj 謙虛的,謙讓的,適度的

重點短語梳理
1 devote…to (doing) sth.把…奉獻給devote oneself to致力於,獻身於 be devoted to專心致志於
2 human beings 人類
3 move off 離開,啟程,出發
4 lead a…life 過著……的生活
5 crowd in 湧上心頭,湧入腦海
6 look down on/ upon 蔑視,瞧不起
7 refer to 查閱,參考,談到 (其中,to為介詞)
8 by chance 碰巧,湊巧
9. come across 偶遇,碰見
10. carry on 繼續,堅持 carry out 實行,執行,完成
11. be dressed in 穿著… dress as 打扮成…
12.fight for 為….而戰 fight against 與…戰斗
13.put to death判死刑
14. concern oneself with…關注… 注意…
15.intend to do sth./ doing sth. 打算做某事
16. in the shade of 在…的樹蔭下,在…的庇護下
17.gain doctor』s degree 獲得博士學位
18. be considered as 被看做….
19.take turns to do sth 採取步驟做某事
20.do research on… 做…方面的研究
21.mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味著
22. by now 直到現在

重點句型再現
1 She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.
她花去多年的時間觀察和記錄它們的日常活動。
(spend+時間/金錢+doing sth 花時間或金錢去做某事)
2 Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她的母親頭幾個月來幫過她的忙;這才使她得以開始自己的計劃。
(only位於句首並修飾狀語,句子要發生部分倒裝,將助動詞或聯系動詞置於主語之前)
3 Following Jane』s way of studing chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest.
我們一行人將按照Jane研究猩猩的方法去森林裡拜訪他們。
(-ing作方式狀語。注意非謂語動詞作狀語時的區別:-ing主動/進行/延續,-ed被動/過去,to do主動/將來)
4.It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen carrer travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles 看起來她忙於所選擇的和寫作一樣的到國外研究。
(It seemed that+從句:似乎是,看起來好像是。 as well as 還有)
5.What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients
後來使她成功的是她對所有病人獻出的愛心和體貼。
(What made her succeed主語從句。了解what引導的名詞性從句的譯法,明白它們在句中的成分:作主語、賓語、表語、同位語)

語法剖析(主謂一致)
主謂一致,指人稱和數方面的一致關系。分為:語法一致, 內容一致, 就近一致。
(一) 語法一致原則: 即主語為單數,謂語用單數,主語為復數,謂語也用復數。以下為注意事項:
1. 單數主語即使後面帶有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引導的短語, 謂語動詞仍用單數。如: Air as well as water is matter. 空氣和水都是物質。No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了兩個僕人外, 沒有一個人遲來用餐。
2. 用and連接的並列主語,如果主語是同一個人,同一事,同一概念, 謂語動詞用單數, 否則用復數。如:
The poet and writer has come. 那位詩人兼作家來了.(一個人)
A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 錘子和鋸都是有用的工具. (兩樣物)
用and連接的成對名詞習慣上被看成是一個整體, 如:bread and butter(黃油抹麵包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數。
3. 不定式(短語), 動名詞(短語), 或從句作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數. 如:
Serving the people is my great happiness.
為人民服務是我最大的幸福.
When we』ll go out for an outing has been decided.
我們什麼時候出去郊遊已決定了。
4. 用連接的並列主語被each, every 或no修飾時, 謂語動詞用單數.
Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每個男孩和每個女孩都喜歡去游泳.
No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 沒有老師也沒有學生開會缺席.
Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每個男人和每個女人都被請去幫忙。
5. each of + 復數代詞, 謂語動詞用單數. 復數代詞+each, 謂語動詞用單數.如:
Each of us has something to say. 我們每個人都有話要說。
6. 若主語中有more than one 或many a/an , 盡管從意義上看是復數, 但它的謂語動詞仍用單數。 但more+復數名詞+than one做主語時, 謂語動詞仍用復數. 如:
Many a boy likes playing basketball. 許多男生都喜歡打籃球.
More than one student was late. 不只一個學生遲到
More persons than one come to help us. 不止一個人來幫助我們。
7. none 做主語時,謂語動詞可用單數, 也可用復數; 但在代表不可數的東西時總是看作單數,因而謂語動詞要用單數. 如:
None of us are (is) perfect. 人無完人。
None of this worries me. 這事一點不使我著急。
8. 名詞如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主語時, 謂語動詞必須用復數. 如:
His clothes are good. 但這些名詞前若出現 a pair of , 謂語一般用單數.如:
A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼鏡。
9. 形復意單名詞如:news ; 以ics 結尾的學科名稱如: physics, mathematics, economics; 國名如: the United States; 報紙名如: the New Times; 書名如: Arabian Night <天方夜談>; 以及The United Nations<聯合國> 等作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數。
10. 「a +名詞+and a half 「, 「one and a half + 名詞」, 「the number of + 名詞」 等作主語時, 謂語動詞要用單數. 如:
Only one and a half apples is left on the table.
注意: one or two + 復數名詞作主語, 謂語動詞用復數形式, 如:
One or two places have been visited. 參觀了一兩個地點。
(二) 內容一致原則:
1.主語中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及」分數或百分數+名詞」做主語時,謂語動詞單復數取決於連用的名詞.如:
The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行車, 今天出售。
60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 這個蘋果的60%都被這個小男孩吃了。
Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的蘋果都是爛的。
Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 這個蘋果的大部分被老鼠吃了。
2. 不定數量的片語, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主語時, 謂語動詞的單復數取決於量詞後面名詞的數.如:
A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科書已運到。
A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 這個蘋果的一部分被豬吃光了。
3. 加減乘除用單數.如:
Fifteen minus five is ten . 15減去5等於10。
4. 表示時間, 金錢, 距離, 度量等的名詞做主語時, 盡管是復數形式, 它們做為一個單一的概念時, 其謂語動詞用單數.如:
Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一個相當的距離。
5. (1) 通常作復數的集體名詞. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 這些集體名詞通常用作復數.如:
The British police have only very limited powers.
(2) 通常作不可數名詞的集體名詞. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.
(3) 可作單數也可作復數的集體名詞. 包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等.如:
The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委員會決定解僱他。
6. the +形容詞/過去分詞形式」表示一類人或事物, 作主語時, 謂語動詞用復數.如:
The injured were saved after the fire.
(三) 就近原則
1. 由here, there, where 等引導的倒裝句中, (有時主語不止一個時)謂語動詞與靠近它的主語在數上一致.如:
Here comes the bus 公共汽車來了.
Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 給你一支鋼筆和幾張紙。
Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?
你不在這兒的時候, 你愛人和孩子在哪兒呆呢?
2. 用連詞or, either.... or, neither….nor, not only….but also 等連接的並列主語, 謂語動詞與靠近它的主語在數上一致。 如:
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 學生和老師都不知道這事.
He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的鋼筆。
注意: one of +復數名詞+who/that/which 引導的定語從句中, 定語從句的動詞為復數。如:
Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 瑪麗是飼養寵物者之一。
The only one of +復數名詞+ who/that./which 引導的定語從句中,定語從句的動詞應為單數。
Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 瑪麗是唯一一個飼養寵物的人。

重要詞彙拓展
1 sunburn v.日曬,曬黑→sunburnt adj.曬黑的
2 struggle v./n.掙扎,奮斗,努力 struggle against struggle for struggle with
3 decade n.十年,十年期
4 super n.冗員, 額外人員; [口]特級品, 特大號商品; 超級市場adj特級的, 極好的, 非凡的
5. hunger n.飢餓,渴望/v.使飢餓→hungry adj.飢餓的;渴望的
6.output n. 產量,輸出,input 輸入,消費
7.disturbing adj 引起煩惱的,令人不安的,disturb v. 打擾,麻煩
8.expand vt.擴大, 擴展,張開, 使發, 詳談; 引伸
9. circulate v.循環,流通→circulation n.循環,流傳
10. battle n.戰役,戰斗 v.搏鬥,奮斗
11. therefore adv.因此,所以
12. rid vt 擺脫,除去
13.freedom n 自由,自主→ free adj 自由的,免費的
14.equip v.配備,裝備→equipment n.設備
15. export v.輸出,出口 n.輸出(品)→import v.輸入,進口 n.進口(品)
16.nationality n 國籍,national adj 國家的,民族的 nation n. 國家
17.occupation n 工作,職業,佔領 occupy v.佔用,使從事,把注意力集中於...佔領, 占據
18.confuse v.使迷惑,使為難→confused adj.感到迷惑的 confusing adj.令人迷惑的
19 regret v./n.後悔,遺憾→regretful adj.後悔的,遺憾的
20.proction n.生產,製造,proctive 可生產的,可製造的,proce –v 生產,製造
21.discovery n. 發現,發覺,discover-v 發現,
22.focus v. 集中,聚焦,n 焦點,中心點
23. rece v.減少,縮減→rection n.減少,縮減
24 comment n./v.評論,議論

重點短語梳理
1 if not 如果不…. If so 如果這樣,
2.consider oneself sth 自認為是… consider sb sth 認為某人是…
3.since then 從那時起
4.search for a way to do sth 尋找做某事的途徑。
5.thanks to 幸虧,由於,因為 (to為介詞)
6.rid…of… 擺脫,除去 get rid of 除去…
7. be satisfied with 對……感到滿意
8 would rather do than do寧願,寧可…也不…=would do rather than do
9with the hope of 滿懷希望..
10.in some way 在某種程度上
11.cause damage to 對… 造成危害。
12.build up 增強,強大
13. lead to 導致,造成(to為介詞)
14. focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)於
15. keep…from/of 使……免受(影響、傷害等)

重點句型再現
1. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.
袁隆平博士種植的是被稱為「超級雜交水稻」的稻種。
(what引導的名詞性從句在句中作賓語)
2. The special strain of rice makes it possible to proce one-third more of the crop in the same field. 這種特殊的稻種使得同樣的田地多收獲三分之一的產量。
(makes it possible 中it為形式賓語,to do不定式短語為真正賓語)
3. It』s a great pity that 很遺憾的是….
4.Using his hybrid rice,farmers are procing harvest twice as large as before.
由於使用了他的雜質水稻,農民的豐收是以前的兩倍。
(-ing動詞短語作原因狀語)

語法剖析(非謂語動詞---動詞的-ing形式作主語和賓語)
一、動詞-ing形式作主語
● 動詞-ing形式作主語常用來表示經常性和習慣性的動作。動詞-ing形式作主語通常放在句首,謂語用單數形式。例如:Listening to music is my sister』s hobby.
● 動詞-ing形式作主語時,為了保持句子平衡,可以用it作形式主語。常用的結構:
1. It is + no use / no good / useless etc.+ v-ing
2. It is + nice / good / interesting / a waste of … etc. + v-ing 例如:
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
二、動詞-ing形式作賓語
● 動詞-ing形式既可作動詞的賓語,又可作介詞的賓語。
1. 以下動詞或短語只接動詞-ing形式作賓語:
admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, keep, mind, miss, suggest等動詞; can』t stand, give up, feel like, keep on, think of, set about, dream of 等短語。
2. 在下列短語中,to是介詞,後面應用動詞-ing形式作賓語:
be / get used to, look forward to, devote…to, pay attention to, object to等。
3. 下列動詞或短語既可以跟動詞-ing形式作賓語,也可以跟不定式作賓語,但意義上有區別:
● like, love, prefer如表示經常性的行為後接動詞-ing形式;如表示具體的行為常用動詞不定式,但要注意:如果like, love, prefer前有would,後面則接動詞不定式。如:Would you like to go shopping with me?
● 下列幾組詞接動詞-ing形式作賓語和不定式作賓語含義不同:
forget doing 忘記已做過某事; forget to do 忘記要做某事
remember doing 記得做過某事; remember to do 記住要做某事
mean doing 意思是,意味著; mean to do 打算做
regret doing 後悔做過某事; regret to do 遺憾要做某事
can』t help doing 禁不住做; can』t help (to) do 不能幫忙做。
● 在allow, permit, advise等動詞後直接跟動詞-ing形式作賓語,如果這些詞後面有名詞或代詞作賓語,其後要用動詞不定式作賓語補足語。如:
We don』t allow smoking in the classroom.
We don』t allow students to smoke.
● 動詞need, require, want作「需要」解時,其後用動詞-ing的主動形式或不定式的被動形式作賓語,這時動詞-ing的主動形式表被動意義。如:
Your coat wants washing. = Your coat wants to be washed.
三、動詞-ing的復合結構
動詞-ing的復合結構即:物主代詞或名詞所有格(作賓語時也可以用代詞賓格或名詞普通格) + 動詞-ing。如:
Lucy』s turning up surprised everyone present.
Would you mind my / me using your mobile phone?
四、動詞-ing的時態、語態以及否定形式動詞-ing有一般式(doing) 和完成式 (having done) 兩種時態,一般式的被動語態是being done,完成式的被動語態是having been done。動詞-ing的完成式所表示的動作發生在謂語動詞的動作之前。
動詞-ing的否定形式是在doing之前加not。例如:
I』m sorry for not having told you the news earlier.

英語翻譯123團隊幫您
學習快樂.
及時採納. 要守信哦.

④ 高一英語必修四語法

主謂一致是指:
1) 語法形式上要一致,即單復數形式與謂語要一致。
2) 意義上要一致,即主語意義上的單復數要與謂語的單復數形式一致。
3) 就近原則,即謂語動詞的單復形式取決於最靠近它的詞語,

一般來說,不可數名詞用動詞單數,可數名詞復數用動詞復數。
There is much water in the thermos.
但當不可數名詞前有表示數量的復數名詞時,謂語動詞用復數形式。
Ten thousand tons of coal were proced last year.

並列結構作主語時謂語用復數

Reading and writing are very important.

注意: 當主語由and連結時,如果它表示一個單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時,謂語動詞用單數,and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。
The iron and steel instry is very important to our life.

典型例題
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案B. 註: 先從時態上考慮。這是過去發生的事情應用過去時,先排除A.,C.。本題易誤選D,因為The League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個人,但仔細辨別, monitor 前沒有the,在英語中,當一人兼數職時只在第一個職務前加定冠詞。後面的職務用and 相連。這樣本題主語為一個人,所以應選B。

主謂一致中的靠近原則

1)當there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時,謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.

2)當either… or… 與neither… nor, 連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引導,而主語又不止一個時,謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。
Either you or she is to go.
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.

謂語需用單數

1) 代詞each和由every, some, no, any等構成的復合代詞作主語,或主語中含有each, every, 謂語需用單數。
Each of us has a tape-recorder.
There is something wrong with my watch.

2) 當主語是一本書或一條格言時,謂語動詞常用單數。
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.
<<天方夜譚>>是英語愛好者熟悉的一本好書。

3) 表示金錢,時間,價格或度量衡的復合名詞作主語 時,通常把這些名詞看作一個整體,謂語一般用單數。(用復數也可,意思不變。)
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
Ten yuan is enough.

- ing分詞 看 參考資料 很詳

構詞法看這里http://ke..com/view/74735.htm?fr=ala0_1_1

高中英語必修4語法

http://wenku..com/view/825b90d233d4b14e852468d6.html
在網路文庫里找到好回多那答

⑥ 英語 必修! 的語法 謝謝

問題太多,分太少

⑦ 高一英語必修一語法

呵呵 希望對你有所幫助 祝樓主進步哈
一. 直接引語和間接引語

(一)直接引述別人的原話,叫做直接引語;用自己話轉述別人的話,叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號內,間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時,除將引語部分變成賓語從句外,還必須對直接引語中的人稱、時態、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等進行改變。

1. 時態的變化:直接引語變為間接引語時,通常受轉述動詞said, asked等的影響而使用過去化的時態,即把原來的時態向過去推,也就是一般現在時變為一般過去時,現在進行時變為過去進行時,等等。例如:
Tom said to me,「My brother is doing his homework.」
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.

2. 人稱代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等等的變化: 根據意義進行相應的變化,例如:
She asked Jack,「Where have you been?」
→She asked Jack where he had been.

He said,「These books are mine.」
→He said that those books were his.

(二)直接引語改為間接引語時,都使用陳述語序,但是因為原句的句式不同,所以變成間接引語時所用的連詞會有所不同。直接引語如果是一般疑問句,用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問句,則用疑問詞引導間接引語。轉述的動詞一般用asked,可以在其後加上一個間接賓語me, him, her, us等。如:
She said,「Is your father at home?」
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.

「What do you do every Sunday?」My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.

直接引語如果是祈使句,改為間接引語時,要將祈使句的動詞原形變為帶to的不定式,並在不定式的前面根據原句的語氣(即請求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等動詞,如果祈使句為否定式,則在不定式前加not。其句型為:ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如:
She said to us,「Please sit down.」
→She asked us to sit down.

He said to him,「Go away!」
→He ordered him to go away.

He said, 「Don』t make so much noise, boys.」
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.

二. 各種時態的被動語態
被動語態概述
被動語態的概念:它是動詞的一種形式,表示主語與謂語之間的執行或被執行關系。主動語態表示主語是謂語動作的執行者,例如:They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被動語態表示主語是謂語動作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seen crying by the river.

被動語態的構成
被動語態的形式是由「助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞」構成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數、時態等的不同而變化。幾種常見時態的被動語態形式如下:
1. 一般現在時 am/is/are + 過去分詞
例如:Rice is planted in the south of China.

2. 一般過去時 was/were + 過去分詞
例如:These trees were planted the year before last.

3. 一般將來時 will/shall + be + 過去分詞
例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.

4. 現在進行時 am/is/are + being + 過去分詞
例如:Your radio is being repaired now.

5. 過去進行時 was/were + being + 過去分詞
When he got there, the problem was being discussed.

6. 現在完成時 have/has + been + 過去分詞
His work has been finished.
Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn』t.

7. 過去完成時 had + been + 過去分詞
注意:
1.除了be之外的其它系動詞如get, stay等也可以和過去分詞構成被動語態。例如:Their questions haven』t got answered.

2. 含有情態動詞的謂語變成被動語態使用「情態動詞+ be + 過去分詞」結構。例如:
More attention should be paid to the old in this country.
This work can』t be done until Mr. Black comes.

3. 含有「be going to」, 「be to」等結構的謂語,其被動語態分別用「be going to + be + 過去分詞」和「be to + be + 過去分詞」。例如:
The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.
All these books are to be taken to the library.

4. 被動語態與系表結構的區別:「連系動詞+用作表語的過去分詞」構成的系表結構,與被動語態的形式完全一樣,所以應注意它們的區別。被動語態中的過去分詞是動詞,多強調動作;系表結構中的過去分詞相當於形容詞,多強調狀態。前者通常可用by 引出動作的執行者,而後者則不可以。例如:
The map was changed by someone.(被動結構)
That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表結構)
系表結構中的過去分詞通常可被very修飾,被動語態中的過去分詞往往要用much修飾。
例如:
He was very excited.(系表結構)
He was much excited by her words.(被動結構)

5. 主動形式表被動意義。有些動詞的主動形式有被動意味,如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此時句子的主語一般是物。例如:
These books sell well. 這些書很暢銷。
The door won』t shut. 這門關不上。
The clothes wash well. 這些衣服很好洗。

⑧ 初三英語新目標14單元語法,解析

1.現在完成時

現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀 態,其結果的確和現在有聯系。動作或狀態發生在過去 但它的影響現在還存在;也可表示持續到現在的動作或 狀態。其構成: have (has) +過去分詞。

2.比較過去時與現在完成時

1)過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的,強調過去的事情對現在的影響,強調的是影響。

2)過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。

一般過去時的時間狀語:
yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語

共同的時間狀語:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately

現在完成時的時間狀語
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不確定的時間狀語

3)現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態,動詞一般是延續性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
舉例:
I saw this film yesterday.
(強調看的動作發生過了。)
I have seen this film.
(強調對現在的影響,電影的內容已經知道了。)
Why did you get up so early?
(強調起床的動作已發生過了。)
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
(強調有卷子,可能為不公平競爭。)
She has returned from Paris.
她已從巴黎回來了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回來了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在團內的狀態可延續)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是團員的狀態可持續)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入團,joined為短暫行為。)
I have finished my homework now.

---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現在完成時,要用過去時。
(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
3. 比較since和for

Since 用來說明動作起始時間,for用來說明動作延續時間長度。
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
I have lived here since I was born..
My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.
Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.
I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.
I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.

注意:並非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。
I worked here for more than twenty years.
(我現在已不在這里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.
(現在我仍在這里工作。)

小竅門: 當現在完成時+一段時間,這一結構中,我們用下面的公式轉化,很容易就能排除非延續動詞在完成時中的誤使。
1) (對) Tom has studied Russian for three years.
= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2) (錯) Harry has got married for six years.
= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然,第二句不對,它應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.

4. since的四種用法

1) since +過去一個時間點 (如具體的年、月、日期、鍾點、1980, last month, half past six)。
I have been here since 1989.

2) since +一段時間+ ago
I have been here since five months ago.

3) since +從句
Great changes have taken place since you left.
Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.

4) It is +一段時間+ since從句
It is two years since I became a postgraate student
5.延續動詞與瞬間動詞

1) 用於完成時的區別
延續動詞表示經驗、經歷; 瞬間動詞表示行為的結 果,不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 (表結果)
I've known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。(表經歷)

2) 用於till / until從句的差異
延續動詞用於肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動詞用於否定句,表示"到……,才……"
He didn't come back until ten o'clock.
他到10 點才回來。
He slept until ten o'clock.
他一直睡到10點。

典型例題
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本題後句強調對現在的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描述。再次,several times告知為反復發生的動作,因此用現在完成時。

2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的動作由過去開始,持續到現在,應用現在完成時
關於since;
since的用法主要有兩點:一是表示「自從……以來」,二是表示「既然」之意。但如果只了解詞的含義,而不了解其用法,在使用時就會造成錯誤。例如:I have not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai.
不少人會望文生義,將該句譯為:「自從我住在上海以來,就再也沒有收到他的信了。」而實際上這個句子的譯文並非如此,那麼正確的含義是什麼呢?
下面談談since作連詞引導時間狀語從句的用法。
一、若since引導的狀語從句的謂語動詞是終止性的過去時,則從句表示的時間是「從動作開始的那一時刻起」。如:
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自從他來到我們學校,他學習就非常努力。
We have been missing them since they left here自從他們離開這里,我們就一直很想念他們。
這是最常見的一種用法,此處不再多述。
二、若since引導的狀語從句的謂語動詞是持續性動詞或表示狀態的動詞的過去時時,則從句表示的時間是「從那持續動作或狀態結束時算起」。如:
I haven』t heard any noise since I slept. Sleep 為持續性動詞,sleep的動作結束時,即「醒來」時,這句應譯為「我醒後還未聽到任何聲音」。
John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher約翰現在和父母一起住在紐約,他不當教師已經三年了。
本文開始出現的那個句子就可以譯為「自從我離開上海,就再也沒有收到他的信。」這種譯法常被人們誤用,我們不妨再多舉幾個例子看看:
How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?你離開(沒住在)上海多久了?
It is half a month since he was a League member.他退團(不當團員)半個月了。
It』s been quite some time since I was last in London我離開倫敦已很長時間了。
比較:He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自從我病癒以來,他屢次給我寫信。(從句謂語為狀態動詞)
He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自從我生病以來,他就屢次給我寫信。(從句謂語為終止性動詞)
三、若since引導的狀語從句的謂語為持續性動詞的現在完成時,則表示動作和狀態延續到現在(說話時刻),其表示的時間的起點應從動作發生之時算起。如:
I haven』t heard from him since he has lived there。
這里has lived表示動作的持續性,時間的起點應從:「開始居住」時算起。因此此句可理解為「自從他(開始)住在那兒起,我就一直沒收到他的來信」。
Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自從我們自己有了汽車,我們每年都去野營。
試比較:1. Since I』ve been at this school, we have had three headmasters.自從我到這所學校,我們已換了三個校長了。
Since I was at this school, they have had three headmasters.自從我離開這所學校,他們已換了三個校長了。
2.He has never been to see me since I have been ill. 自從我生病以來,他從未來看過我。
He has never been to see me since I was ill. 自從我病癒以來,他從未來看過我。
由此可見,since引導的從句持續動詞的一般過去時和現在完成時所表示的意思恰好相反。換言之,前者以肯定的語法形式反映著否定的邏輯內容,而後者的形式與內容是一致的。
至於It is +一段時間+since…的句型與It has been +一段時間+since…意思相同。前者是規范說法,後者是口語說法。
應注意的是,在這種結構中,since引導的從句絕對不能用否定式的謂語動詞來表示否定意義,下面兩句都錯了:
It is a long time since he didn』t study English.
It』s two months since you didn』t come to see me.
正確的說法為:
It』s a long time since he studied English 他好久沒學英語了。
You haven』t come to see me for two months. 你有兩個月沒來看我了。

解析:6B 詞義辨析語句連貫盡(as long as)作者所能記憶的。Remember是持續性動詞,與表示持續意義的as long as(象……一樣長;只要……)連用,引導條件狀語從句。as soon as,when,since三項均表示短暫意義,通常與短暫性動詞連用。

⑨ 高一英語人教版必修一至必修四的語法

英語書94頁左右

就是語法

總結得很細

比較好懂

去看看吧

⑩ 高中英語必修四語法

what根本不能出現在定語從句里。How也是。that代替先行詞可以是人也可以是物,在從句里作主語,回賓語,表語。which只能代替答先行詞是物,在從句里作主語,賓語,when 代替先行詞是一個時間名詞,在從句里做時間狀語。where代替先行詞是一個地點名詞,在從句里作地點狀語why代替先行詞是一個原因名詞,在從句里作原因狀語

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