5年級上冊英語試卷
『壹』 五年級上冊英語期末卷。
一、讀一讀,選擇合適的詞完成句子:
some,any,is,are
1.---- there a ruler in the pencil-box?
---- Yes,there .
2.There an elephant in the zoo.
3.There aren』t doctors in the room.
4.---- there books under the desk?
----Yes,there .
5.There are trees in the park.
二、選擇填空:
1.Let_______ have a look.
A.we B.me C.I
2.----Is there a dog near the tree?---- ______ .
A.I』m not sure B.Yes,there』s C.OK
3.There ______ some water in the glass.
A.is B.are C.aren』t
4.It is ______ day of the year(年).
A.first B.the first C.a first
5.Li Li and Hong Hong are happy _______each other.
A.see B.seeing C.to see
6.There are _______ trees near the house.
A.lot of B.a lot C.lots of
7.This pen is long,_____ that one is ______.
A.and,long B.but,short C.\ ,too
8.A:_______is in the classroom?
B:Helen is in the classroom.
A.What B.Who C.What』s
三、英漢片語互譯:
1、第一天 _____________ 2、所有的學生 _____________
3、在學校 _____________ 4、一座新大樓 _____________
5、看一看____ _________ 6、I』m not sure.________ _____
7、a new term __________ 8、a computer room __________
9、how many___________ 10、a lot of _____________
四、根據漢語提示,完成下列句子:
1.你們學校有乒乓球室嗎?是的,有一個.
----- _ _there in your school?
-----Yes,one.
2.閱覽室里有許多書.
There ______ a lot of _______ in the .
3.你班有多少名男生?大約50名.
----- are there __ __ your class?
-----About .
4.看,有兩個電腦室.我們去看看吧.
-----Look,there computer .
-----Let』s ________ and have a________.
5.大衛和劉濤在樹後面.
David and Liu Tao are _______ _______ _______.
五、句型轉換:
1.There is a rubber under the desk.(改為一般疑問句,並作肯定回答)
______ ______ a rubber ______ the desk?Yes,___ ____ _______.
2.There are some apples on the plate.(改為單數句)
There _______ _______ _______ on the plate.
3.There are seven desks in the classroom.(對劃線部分提問)
______ ______ desks _______ _______ in the classroom?
『貳』 五年級上冊的期末英語試卷
一、聽錄音,選出你所聽到的內容。(聽兩遍) (10分)
( ) 1、 A. doll B. dog C. bus D. don『t
( ) 2、 A. open B. pen C. crayon D. ball pen
( ) 3、 A. 97 B. 67 C. 37 D. 87
( ) 4、 A. 10:15 B. 10:50 C. 2:12 D.2:20
( ) 5、 A. he B. she C. we D. see
( ) 6、 A. write B. white C. what D. water
( ) 7、 A. bread B. balloon C. blue D. bird
( ) 8、 A. purse B. puzzle C. puppet D. perhaps
( ) 9、 A. shorts B. shoes C. socks D. so
( ) 10、A. thirty B. thirteen C. forty D. thirsty
二、聽錄音,給下面的圖片標序號。(聽兩遍)(8分)
1、 2、 3、 4、
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
5、 6、 7、 8、
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
三、聽錄音,判斷下面圖片意思是否與錄音相同,相同的打「T」,不同的打「F」。(聽兩遍)(12分)
1、 2、 3、
4、 5、 6、
( ) ( ) ( )
四、聽錄音,根據所聽內容選擇正確的應答。(聽兩遍)(10分)
( ) 1、 A. Yes, I do. B. Yes, it is. C. Yes, I can.
( ) 2、 A. She』s in the kitchen. B. It『s on your desk. C. It』s my purse.
( ) 3、 A. Thank you. B. Not at all. C. That『s all right.
( ) 4、 A. At six twenty. B. It』s six thirty. C. Five.
( ) 5、 A. It『s Mike』s. B. They『re Nancy』s. C. She『s Nancy.
筆試部分(60分)
一、判斷劃線部分發音是否相同,相同的打「√」,不同的打「X」。 (8分)
1、new 2、here 3、panda 4、key
window where balloon colour
5、bike 6、zoo 7、cold 8、read
write good sweater
二、英漢互譯。(10分)
1、看一看 2、用英語
3、她的玩具老虎 4、邁克的大鞋子
5、在八點十分 6、上床睡覺
7、Read the new words. 8、Try this pair on .
9、Happy Teachers』 Day! 10、Don『t worry.
三、選擇填空。(10分)
1、( )- I』m tired. -_______ .
A. Here『s a glass water. B. Sit down, please. C. Have a hamburger, please.
2、( )- It』s 4:30 in the afternoon. Shall we ?
A. go to school B. have lunch. C. go home
3、( )- It『s nine. Go to bed, David. - All right._______, Mum.
A. Good night. B. Good morning. C. Good evening.
4、( )- Do you like this ___________ ? Yes, I do. I like ___________ .
A. dolls, dolls B. doll, dolls C. doll, doll
5、( )- What』s the matter? - .
A. Fine, thank you. B. I『m too hot. C. It』s eleven.
6、( )- the dress? - It『s on the bed.
A. What』s B. Whose C. Where『s
7、( )- you like dolls? - .
A. Do; Yes, I do. B. Do; Yes, I don』t. C. Do; No, I do.
8、( )- kites for you.
A. This; are B. These; are C. It『s; is
9、( )- Is that your mother』s bike? - Yes, it『s _______ bike.
A. his B. he C. her
10、( )- What time you get up? - I get up six twenty-five.
A. are; at B. do; it』s C. do; at
四、選出所給句子的答句,將其字母代號填在括弧內。(10分)
Ⅰ Ⅱ
( )1、Is this your jacket? A. I『m ill.
( )2、What』s the time? B. They『re my father』s.
( )3、Shall we it now? C. She『s in the classroom.
( )4、What』s the matter? D. Yes, I do.
( )5、My pencil is too short. E. At four.
( )6、What time do you go home? F. Thank you.
( )7、Where is Miss Li? G. You can have this long one.
( )8、Do you like puppets? H. Four thirty.
( )9、Whose jeans are they? I. All right.
( )10、Here『s a kite for you. J. No, it isn』t.
五、選詞填空, 注意大小寫。(8分)
drink, may, open, what『s, sit, don』t, read, draw
1. down please, boys and girls.
2. your books, let『s these new words.
3. nine and eleven? It』s twenty.
4. I『d like to some milk.
5. I have a storybook for Helen?
6. Why you go to bed now?
7. I like that tiger. it for me, please.
六、排序。(6分)
1. Oh, what』s the matter?
2. I『m sorry. Are you ill?
3. Good morning! How are you?
4. I』m tired.
5. No, I『m not ill.
6. Thank you very much.
7. Not so good.
8. Here』s a chair for you.
2
4
七、閱讀理解。(8分)(一)
判斷所給句子與短文意思是否相符,相符的用「T」表示,不相符的用「F」表示。(4分)
A: Mum, it『s Teacher』s Day. I『d like a card for my teacher.
B: OK, here』s a green one on the desk.
A: Thank you, Mum. what『s the time, please.
B: It』s seven now.
A: Oh, I『m late. Where』s my school bag?
B: It『s on the bed.
A: Mum, shall we go by bus?
B: OK. Let』s close the door.
( ) 1. It『s Teacher』s Day.
( ) 2. His school bag is on the desk.
( ) 3. They go to school by bike.
( ) 4. They go to school at seven.
(二)
A Clock and a Watch We can tell the time by a clock or by a watch. A clock is big; it is usually on the wall or on the table. A watch is small; we can put it in the pocket (口袋), or wear it on the wrist(手腕)! A clock or a watch usually has a round face. It has two hands, a long one and a short one. Tom『s clock can speak and call him to get up every day. His watch has a picture of a lovely dog on the face. He likes it very much.
在ABCD中選出一個最佳答案。(4分)
( ) 1. Where do people usually put a clock?
A. On the wall. B. On the bed. C. On the wrist. D. On the desk.
( ) 2. How many hands has a clock?
A. One. B. Two. C. Four. D. Five.
( ) 3. What does Tom have? He has .
A. a lovely dog B. a lovely clock. C. a lovely watch D. both B and C
( ) 4. Tom』s clock can call him to .
A. get down B. get up C. go to school D. go home
4A期末試卷聽力原稿及答案
聽力原稿
一、聽錄音,選出你所聽到的內容。(聽兩遍) (10分)
1、don『t 2、pen 3、67 4、10:50 5、we
6、write 7、blue 8、purse 9、socks 10、 thirsty
二、聽錄音,給下面的圖片標序號。(聽兩遍)(8分)
1. -Draw a bear for me, please. -OK.
2. -What』s the time, mum? -It『s six ten. It』s time to get up.
3. -What『s the matter? -I』m hungry.
4. -Whose socks are they? -They『re my socks.
5. -This ruler is for Gao Shan. -All right.
6. -Whose sweater is this? -Perhaps it』s Miss Li『s.
7. -What』s that in English? -It『s a toy car.
8. -Where』s the pencil? -It『s in the basket.
三、聽錄音,判斷下面圖片意思是否與錄音相同,相同的打「T」,不同的打「F」。(聽兩遍)(12分)
1. -What』s this in English? -It『s a toy dog.
2. -Hi, Liu Tao. What』s the matter with you? -I『m ill. -I』m sorry.
3. -What『s the time, dad? -It』s eight thirty. It『s time to have lunch.
4. -Don』t eat in the classroom, please. -All right.
5. -What『s four and seven? -It』s eleven.
6. -This ball pen is for Su Yang. -All right.
四、聽錄音,根據所聽內容選擇正確的應答。(聽兩遍)(10分)
1. Is this your shorts?
2. Where『s Su Hai?
3. Don』t drink the juice, please.
4. What time do you watch TV?
5. Whose gloves are they?
聽力答案
一、1、D 2、B 3、B 4、B 5、C 6、A 7、C 8、A 9、C 10、D
二、4 7 1 5 3 6 2 8
三、1、F 2、T 3、F 4、T 5、F 6、F
四、1、B. 2、A 3、C 4、A 5、B
筆試答案
一、1、√ 2、X 3、X 4、√ 5、√ 6、X 7、X 8、X
二、1、have a look 2、in English 3、her toy tiger 4、Mike『s big shoes 5、at eight ten
6、go to bed 7、讀新單詞。 8、試試這一雙/條。 9、教師節快樂! 10、別擔心/著急。
三、1、B 2、C 3、A 4、B 5、B 6、C 7、A 8、B 9、C 10、C
四、1、J 2、H 3、I 4、A 5、G 6、E 7、C 8、D 9、B 10、F
五、1、Sit 2、Open,read 3、What』s 4、drink 5、May 6、don『t 7、Draw
六、3 7 2 5 1 4 8 6
七、(一) 1、T 2、F 3、F 4、T (二) 1、A 2、B 3、D 4、B
『叄』 五年級上冊(人教版)英語試卷
到哪裡去給你找期末考試試卷
中考試卷要不要
學英語是要靠積累的
『肆』 五年級上冊英語試卷
一、讀一讀,選擇合適的詞完成句子:
, any, is, are
1. ---- there a ruler in the pencil-box?
---- Yes, there .
2. There an elephant in the zoo.
3. There aren』t doctors in the room.
4. ---- there books under the desk?
----Yes, there .
5. There are trees in the park.
二、選擇填空:
1. Let_______ have a look.
A. we B. me C. I
2. ----Is there a dog near the tree? ---- ______ .
A. I』m not sure B. Yes, there』s C. OK
3. There ______ some water in the glass.
A. is B. are C. aren』t
4. It is ______ day of the year(年).
A. first B. the first C. a first
5. Li Li and Hong Hong are happy _______each other.
A. see B. seeing C. to see
6. There are _______ trees near the house.
A. lot of B. a lot C. lots of
7.This pen is long, _____ that one is ______.
A. and, long B. but, short C. \ , too
8.A: _______is in the classroom?
B: Helen is in the classroom.
A. What B. Who C. What』s
三、英漢片語互譯:
1、第一天 _____________ 2、所有的學生 _____________
3、在學校 _____________ 4、一座新大樓 _____________
5、看一看____ _________ 6、I』m not sure. ________ _____
7、a new term __________ 8、a computer room __________
9、how many___________ 10、a lot of _____________
四、根據漢語提示,完成下列句子:
1. 你們學校有乒乓球室嗎? 是的,有一個。
----- _ _there in your school?
-----Yes, one.
2. 閱覽室里有許多書。
There ______ a lot of _______ in the .
3. 你班有多少名男生?大約50名。
----- are there __ __ your class?
-----About .
4. 看,有兩個電腦室。我們去看看吧。
-----Look, there computer .
-----Let』s ________ and have a________.
5. 大衛和劉濤在樹後面.
David and Liu Tao are _______ _______ _______.
五、句型轉換:
1. There is a rubber under the desk. (改為一般疑問句,並作肯定回答)
______ ______ a rubber ______ the desk? Yes, ___ ____ _______.
2. There are some apples on the plate. (改為單數句)
There _______ _______ _______ on the plate.
3. There are seven desks in the classroom. (對劃線部分提問)
______ ______ desks _______ _______ in the classroom?
更多英語試卷,上 招考在線網
『伍』 小學五年級上冊英語期末試卷,要有答案
2010-2011學年度
北師大版小學五年級上冊英語期末試卷
(答卷時間:100分) 第一部分 聽力(18分) 第二部分
辨音(20分) 第二部分
選擇(30分) 第二部分
對話(20分) 第二部分
閱讀(12分) 得分
(100分)
聽力
一、選擇你聽到的單詞(8分)
( ) 1. A. fax machine B. photocopier C. computers D. air conditioner ( ) 2. A. ours B. yours C. theirs D. mine ( ) 3. A. stamp B. picture C. them D. these ( ) 4. A. pizza B. bread C. salad D. fries
( ) 5. A. sandwich B. hamburger C. fried chicken D. cheese ( ) 6. A. cup B. butter C. bottle D. glass ( ) 7. A. water B. coffee C. tea D. beer ( ) 8. A. coke B. juice C. drink D. soup
二、聽音,選擇(5分)
( ) 1. A. the Japanese car B. a Chinese bus
C. the English jeep D. the Japanese bus
( ) 2. A. your bag B. your box
C. your map D. your stamp
( ) 3. A. nine o』clock B. seven o』clock
C. eleven o』clock D. seven o』clock
( ) 4. A. 20 oranges B. Number 12
C. 12 oranges D. Number 20
( ) 5. A. very good B. thanks
C. very much D. all right
三、根據你聽到的內容,選擇正確的漢語意思(5分)
( ) 1. A. 那個房間里有什麼? B. 在那個房間里你能找到什麼?
C. 你在那個房間里能看到什麼? D. 你能看見那個房間嗎?
( ) 2. A. 今天男同學都到齊了嗎? B. 今天大家都來了嗎? C. 所有的女生都來了嗎? D. 今天男生都在這兒。
( ) 3. A. 凱特和她哥哥像她父母。 B. 凱特長得像她媽媽, 她哥像她爸爸。 C. 凱特像她爸, 但她哥像她媽。 D. 凱特長得像她爸媽. ( ) 4. A. 在教室里有一些燈。 B. 房間里有一些燈。 C. 在這個教室里我能看見一盞燈。 D. 教室里有一些燈。 ( ) 5. A. 我們找不到那個房間. B. 我們沒有找到那把掃帚。 C. 我們能找到那把掃帚。 D. 我們能找到那個房間。
筆試
一、找出劃線部分讀音不同的詞(20分)
( ) 1. A. some B. other C. wrong D. come ( ) 2. A. only B. often C. off D. orange ( ) 3. A. hight B. find C. with D. behind ( ) 4. A. get B. mend C. she D. help ( ) 5. A. any B. have C. cap D. factory ( ) 6. A. am B. catch C. what D. carry ( ) 7. A. apples B. pears C. cakes D. eggs ( ) 8. A. there B. here C. pear D. their ( ) 9. A. tea B. meat C. cheap D. bread ( )10.
A. with
B. father
C. there
D. thing
二、選擇填空(30分)
( ) 1、Whose is this bag ______ the floor?
A. in B. on C. at D. of
( ) 2、Is this coat ______?
A. yours B. you C. your D. of
( ) 3、The box is too heavy. I can』t _____ it.
A. carry B. take C. get D. look
( ) 4、Let ______have a look, please.
A. I B. my C. mine D. me
( ) 5、There is ______「s」 in the word 「 sit」.
A. a B. an C. the D. x
( ) 6、I want _____ take some books ______ the classroom.
A. too, to B. to , to C. to, too D. too, too
( ) 7、What _____ wrong with your watch?
A. be B. an C. is D. are
( ) 8、I』d like______. What about you?
A. a bottle of oranges B. a bottles of orange C. a bottle of orange D. bottles of oranges
( ) 9、There are ______ birds______ the trees.
A. any, in B. any, on C. some, on D. some, in
( )10、Sorry, I can』t see _______.
A. a B. some C. one D. any
三、補全對話(20分)
A:I want ______ put this table _____ there. But it』s _______heavy. Could you ____ me?
B:______!______do you want to put it? A:Under the tree. B:_________.
A:Please ________ a bottle of orange. B:_________ you.
A:Would you like another one? B:No. __________.
四、閱讀理解(12分)
Two Goats
Two goats started at the same moment from opposite ends to cross a rude bridge that was no wide enough for one to cross at a time.
Meeting at the middle of the bridge, neither would give the way to the other. They locked horns, and fought for the right of way, until both fell into the torrent below and were drowned. 1、The goats ______ the bridge.
A. was crossing B. have crossed C. were crossing 2、The bridge was _______.
A. wide B. rude C. smooth 3、They fought _______ their horns. A. in B. with C. use
4、The goats were fighting at the _________ of the bridge. A. middle B. front C. back
聽力部分:【答案】 一、原文:
1. airconditioner 2. yours 3. these 4. pizza 5. hamburger 6. bottle 7. beer 8. drink 答案:D、B、D、A、B、C、D、C 二、原文:
1. He likes the Japanese car . 2. May I use your stamp ?
3. What』s the time? It』s seven o』clock. 4. There are 12 oranges in the basket 5. Thank you very much 答案:A、D、B、C、C 三、原文:
1. What can you see in that room ? 2. Is everyone here today ?
3. Kate looks like her father , but her brother looks like his mother . 4. I can see a light in the classroom . 5. We can』t find that broom . 答案:C、B、C、C、B 筆試部分【答案】
一、1 — 5:C、A、C、C、A 6 — 10:C、D、B、D、D 二、1 — 5:B、A、A、D、B 6 — 10:B、C、C、D、D 三: A: to over too help B: Certainly Where B: Ok
A: have B: Thank B: Thanks 四: C、B、B、A
『陸』 五年級上冊英語試卷的答案
你好,你這個問題很難讓人給你准確的回答,你沒有提供你所用教材的信息回,只有天知答道你要的試卷是什麼。
我隨便找個給你,牛頭不對馬嘴。
在說,不要一心想要答案,要靠實力爭取。
我相信,只要你努力了,一定會是滿分,加油!
『柒』 五年級上冊英語試題
答案是:
A.invite。
will後面是動詞原形。
『捌』 小學五年級上冊英語試卷(科普版)
五年級英語期末綜合卷
2009-2010學年度第一學期
聽力部分(50分)
一、聽錄音, 選出與錄音相符合的一項,並將其字母編號填在題前的括弧里。(每小題1分,共10分)
( ) 1. A. fish B. fresh C. often
( ) 2.A. homework B. housework C. house
( ) 3. A. closet B. clothes C. cabbage
( ) 4. A. dinner B. lunch C. breakfast
( ) 5. A. potatoes B. tomatoes C. mutton
( ) 6. A. village B. cabbage C. bridge
( ) 7. A. He』s tall and strict. B. She』s tall and strict.
C. She』s tall and strong.
( ) 8. A. There is a bed, an end table and a closet.
B. There is a bed, an end table and a desk.
C. There is a bed, an end table and a shelf.
( ) 9. A. I like fish and tofu.
B. I don』t like fish and tofu.
C. I』d like fish and tofu.
( ) 10. A. My math teacher is kind.
B. My music teacher is funny.
C. My Chinese teacher is smart.
二、聽錄音, 判斷句子或圖片的是否與錄音內容相符,相符的在相應題號下的括弧內打「√」 , 不相符的打「×」。(每小題2分,共10分)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) 6. Dad can do the dishes, mom can cook the meals.
( ) 7. We can swim in the river in summer.
( ) 8. Tomorrow is Friday.
( ) 9. We have P.E. on Fridays.
( )10.There aren』t any houses in the village.
三、根據你在錄音中聽到的問題,將下面每組答句中最合適的答案選出,並將其字母符號填在句前的括弧里。(每題2分,共10分)
( ) 1. A. I like beef. B. I』d like beef. C. I don』t like beef.
( ) 2. A. Yes, he is. B. No, he is. C. Yes, she is.
( ) 3. A. Yes, they are . B. No, there aren』t. C. No, there are.
( ) 4. A. Monday. B. Math. C. Miss Wu.
( ) 5. A. She can sweep the floor. B. He can sweep the floor.
C. She often sweeps the floor.
四、根據錄音內容填寫下列句子中所缺的單詞, 使句子完整,每空只填一詞。(每詞0.5分,共5分)
1. Is there a ________ in the park? No, there ________.
2. _________ there any tall ________ in the city?
3. The ________ is ________ the door.
4. Amy can _______ the clothes and ________ the bed
5. I like _____________. ___________ sour.
五、根據你在錄音中聽到的內容,選擇相應的答案,將序號寫到前面的括弧里。(每題2分,共10分)
( ) 1. Today is _____________ (A. Saturday B. Sunday)
( ) 2. There is _____________ in the nature park. (A. lake B. river)
( ) 3. The river is ________ (A. near the house B. near the mountain)
( ) 4. There are houses _____the mountain.( A. in B. in front of )
( ) 5. We _________ the nature park. ( A. like B. don』t like)
筆試部分(50分)
六、選擇合適的句子,將對話補充完整, 並將字母編號填在橫線上。(每句2分,共10分。)
A:_______________________________________________?
B: I have two new teachers.
A: ______________________________________________?
B: An English teacher, a music teacher and a computer teacher.
A: Is your music teacher smart?
B: ______________________________________________.
A: What can she do ?
B: _______________________________________________.
A: What』s her favourite fruit?
B:_________________________________________________
七、閱讀短文,選擇正確的答案,並將其字母符號填在句子前面的括弧里。(每小題1.5分,共7.5分)
My name is Tim. I am a student. I』m 10. I』m from England. I have a new Chinese teacher. She』s Miss White. She』s very young. She』s tall and thin. She is strict, but she』s funny. Her class is so much fun. We all like our Chinese teacher.
( )1. Tim is an _________ boy.
A. Chinese B. English
( )2. Tim』s Chinese teacher is _________.
A. a woman B. a man
( )3. Miss White is _______ and ________.
A. young, tall B. young, short
( )4. Miss White _______ strict.
A. isn』t B. is
( )5. Miss White is a ______ teacher.
A. old B. new
八、閱讀短文,根據短文內容判斷句子是否正確,相符的括弧內打「√」 , 不相符的打「×」,每題1.5分,共7.5分)
I have a new flat. There is a living room, a kitchen, a bathroom and two bedrooms in it. Come and have a look at my bedroom. There is an air conditioner over the desk. There is an end table and a closet near the bed. And there is a picture over the bed. I have a trash bin behind the door. I empty the trash every day. Look! What』s under the desk? There is a chair. I love my bedroom. I clean my bedroom on Sundays.
( )1.There are two end tables in my bedroom.
( )2. There are four rooms in my home.
( )3. The chair is under the desk.
( )4. The door is behind the trash bin.
( )5. I clean my bedroom on weekends.
九.選擇合適的詞填空,使短文的內容完整,每詞只能用一次。(每條橫線1分,共10分。)
( lunch, day, new, trees , river, flower, It』s, air , water, to, from, for)
Amy is my _________ classmate. She』s 10. She often has _________ at school. She』s _______ USA. Her favourite ________ is Sunday. Because sometimes Amy and I can go _______ the nature park on Sunday. There are many _______ and a ________in it. The ________ is clean. The ________is fresh. We like the nature park. ______pretty.
十、根據圖片及答句寫出問句。(每小題2分,共10分)
1. A: _________________________?
B: Mr. King is my new teacher. 1. Mr. King
2. A: _________________________?
B: The houses are small. 2
3. A: _________________________?
B: No, there is an air-conditioner near the bed. 3
4. A: ____________________________________? 4
B:We have art on Wednesdays.
5. A: ____________________________________? 5
B: I often read books on Sundays.
十一、小作文:這是John的房間,簡單介紹一下裡面有什麼東西,放在什麼地方。要求:條理清晰,語句通順,不少於五句話。