英語派生詞歸納答案
⑴ 英語什麼派生詞
派生詞,是英語主要的構詞法。這方法是借前綴或後綴之助,製造出派生專詞,主要有名詞、形容屬詞和動詞三種。前綴以否定前綴-等為主,使延伸出來的派生詞變成反義詞。今天,小編為大家整理了高中英語必修一至選修八課本後詞彙表中的派生詞,方便記憶。
⑵ 七年級英語ing形容詞和ed形容詞歸納
–ed形容詞和–ing形容詞的用法區別
一、傳統的觀點許多參考書認為:-ing形容詞與表示事物的名詞連用,-ed形容詞與表示人的名詞連用。此說法在很多情況下是可行的,但表述欠准確,在許多情況下卻是不可靠的。如-ing 形容詞用於人的情況就比比皆是:假若你的老師說話幽默、講課生動,那麼不僅他的課非常interesting,而且你會說他是一個 interesting man(有趣的人)。
比較:
I』m interested in interesting people. 我對有趣的人感興趣。
He was worried about his worrying son. 他為他令人擔憂的兒子感到擔憂。
He was annoyed with the annoying person. 他對這個討厭的人很生氣。
另一方面,-ed 形容詞用於指物的情況也不少見。比較並體會:
a frightened look 害怕的表情(指帶有這種「表情」的人感到害怕)
a frightening look 嚇人的表情(指這種「表情」令人害怕)
an excited talk 心情激動的談話(指「談話」的人心情激動)
an exciting talk 令人激動的談話(指聽「談話」的人心情激動)
由於傳統的觀點說得太絕對,有時做起題來還可能會因此掉入命題人的陷阱,請看下面一題 :
_____ do you think of your English teacher? Is he _______?
A. What, interesting B. What, interestedC. How, interesting D. How, interested
此題考查兩方面的知識點:一是考查what do you think of…與how do you like…的用法區別(兩者搭配不同,但意思相同);二是考查interesting與interested的用法區別。若套用以上關於-ing形容詞與-ed形容詞的區別,則可能將答案鎖定為D。但是錯了,此題的最佳答案應是A。
二、正確的觀點關於-ing形容詞與-ed形容詞的區別,比較准確的表述應該是:
1. 以後綴 –ed結尾的形容詞(如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用於說明人,不用於說明事物,即使它們所修飾的名詞是事物,那它們指的也是與該事物相關的人。如:
He had a pleased smile on his face.
他臉上露出了滿意的微笑。
He told me the news in a very excited voice.
他聲音很激動地告訴了我這個消息。
第一句中的a pleased smile 意為「滿意的微笑」,它指的是某人因感到滿意發出的微笑;
第二句中的 a very excited voice 指的是「很激動的聲音」,即指的是某人因很激動而發生那樣的聲音。
原則上,-ed 形容詞通常直接用於說明人,若修飾事物,則多為 air(神態), appearance(外貌), cry(哭聲), face(表情), voice(聲音), mood(情緒)<'Times New Roman'">), mood(等顯示某人的情感狀況的名詞。
2. 以後綴 -ing 結尾的形容詞(如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用於說明事物,表示事物的性質或特徵,若用它們說明人,則表示此人具有此性質或特徵。如:
The story is very interesting. 這個故事很有趣。
The man is very interesting. 這個人很有趣。
請再比較並體會以下句子:
He is frightened. 他很害怕。He is frightening. 他很嚇人。
He has a frightened look on his face. 他臉上帶有驚恐的神情。
He has a frightening look on his face. 他臉上帶有嚇人的神情。
I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他臉上露出一種感興趣的表情。
I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他臉上露出一種有趣的表情。
三、學練結合請做做以下試題,看你是否能克服原來的思維定勢,能否跳出命題人的陷阱:
1. Laws that punish parents for their little children』s actions against the laws get parents _____.
A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry
2. The little boy isn』t getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son _____, she feels very ______.
A. disappointing;worrying B. disappointing;worried
C. disappointed;worried D. disappointed;worrying
3. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, ______.
A. safe but tired B. safely but tired C. safe and tiring D. safely and tiring
4. As we all know, typing is a ______ job to a ______ heart.
A. tired; tired B. tired; tiring C. tiring; tired D. tiring; tiring
5. Poor boy! His________ looks and ________hands suggested he was very afraid.A. frightful; trembling B. frightened; trembling
C. frightening; trembled D. frightened; trembly
答案與解析:
1. 選A。句中的that punish…the law是定語從句。句意是:因為他們小孩的違法行為而懲罰其父母,這樣的法律使得做父母的感到憂慮。表示人「感到憂慮的」用由過去分詞轉換而來的形容詞。
2. 選B。句意是:由於她的兒子令人失望,她感到非常煩惱。表示「令人……的」用 -ing 形容詞;表示「感到……的」用 -ed形容詞。
3. 選A。此題一方面考查形容詞作狀語(。此題一方面考查形容詞作狀語(當形容詞用作狀語時,表示意義上的增補,和句子主語在邏輯上有主謂關系),另一方面考查形容詞tiring與tired的用法區別,此處填tired表示「人感到疲憊的」,即選A。。
4. 選C。第一空填tiring,表示「使人勞累的」;第二空填tired,表示「感到勞累的」。
5. 選B。第一空填frightened,其意為「感到害怕的」;第二空填trembling表示動作的進行。也就是說,frightened說明主語因……而產生的情緒反應,從而影響到人的身體部位……trembling。
ed形式及常見短語與 ing形式形容詞歸納
excited (be ~d about) / exciting
surprised (be ~d at) //surprising
amazed (be ~d at) //amazing
embarrassed(be ~ed in) //embarrassing
encouraged(be ~ed at / by) / encouraging
frustrated (be ~d of) / frustrating
interested (be ~ed in) / interesting
thrilled (be ~ed at) / thrilling
terrified (be terrified at/ of / with) / terrifying
pleased (be ~d with) / pleasing, = pleasant
satisfied(be satisfied with) / satisfying
frightened (be ~ed at / of ) / frightening
tired (be ~d of) / tiring
bored (be ~d with) / boring
relaxed (無固定搭配) / relaxing
fascinated (be ~d by) / fascinating
annoyed (be ~ed with) / annoying
moved (be ~d by) / moving
worried (be worried about) / worrying
confused (be confused about) / confusing
練習:
一 用括弧內所給動詞的-ed形式或-ing形式填空
1. The children were ____after the trip. (tire)
2. The trip was____. (tire)
3. The ____children went to bed early after the trip. (tire)
4. The ____trip lasted a whole day. (tire)
5. The trip made the children____. (tire)
6. The bad weather made the trip____. (tire)
7. Tom』s parents are ____ at his ____ results of the exams.(disappoint)
8. ____and angry, he left the meeting-room. (disappoint)
9. It is ____that he didn』t pass the examination.(disappoint)
10. When hearing the____ news that Michael Jackson passed away, they were____to look at each other. (surprise)
11. He was ____ about his ____ son. (worry)
12. I'm not ____with his interpretation of this sentence. (satisfy)
13. He was ____with the ____person. (annoy)
14. A police car appeared on the road, the thief had a____ look on his face. (frighten)
15. The situation here is ____and we are____. (encourage)
答案:
1. tired 2. tiring 3. tired 4. tiring 5. tired 6. tiring 7. disappointed, disappointing) 8. Disappointed 9. disappointing
10. surprising; surprised 11. worried; worrying 12. satisfied 13. annoyed; annoying 14. frightened
15. encouraging; encouraged
二 鞏固練習:
1. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front ______to arrive.(2008•全國卷I)
A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected
2. —Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend? (2008•上海高考)
—Terry? Never! He _____ tents and fresh air!
A. has hated B. hated C. will hate D. hates
3. By the time he realizes he ____ into a trap, it』ll be too late for him to do anything about it. (2008•山東高考)
A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked
4. So far this year we ______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (2008•福建高考)
A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen
5. Some of the people who ________ to the party can』t come now. (2008• 煙台模擬)
A. had been invited B. have been invited C. are invited D. invited
6. Laws that punish parents for their little children』s actions against the laws get parents _____. A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry
7. The little boy isn』t getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son _____, she feels very ______.
A. disappointing; worrying B. disappointing; worried
C. disappointed; worried D. disappointed; worrying
8. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, ______.
A. safe but tired B. safely but tired C. safe and tiring D. safely and tiring
9. As we all know, typing is a ______ job to a ______ heart.
A. tired; tired B. tired; tiring C. tiring; tired D. tiring; tiring
10. Poor boy! His________ looks and ________hands suggested he was very afraid.
A. frightful; trembling B. frightened; trembling
C. frightening; trembled D. frightened; trembly
11._____ do you think of your English teacher? Is he _______?
A. What, interesting B. What, interested
C. How, interesting D. How, interested
答案:1-5 ADCDB 6-11ABACBA
⑶ 求英語派生詞綴的總結
前綴就是放在單詞前面的 改變這個詞的詞義
例如A.表示否定的前綴
1.dis-加在名詞、形容詞,動詞之前
disadvantage dishonorable disagree
2.in-加在形容詞,名詞之前
incorrect inability inaccurate
3.im-加在字母m,b,p之前
impossible impolite
4.il-加在以1開頭的詞前
illegal illiterate illogical
5.ir-加在以r開頭的詞前
irregular irresistible irresolvable
6.un-加在名詞,形容詞,副詞之前
unfinished undoubted unemployment
7.non-加在形容詞,名詞前
nonexistence nonessential non-electrical
8.mis-加在動詞、名詞之前
misunderstand misjudge misleading misfortune
9.dis-加地動詞之前
disappear disarm disconnect
10.de-加在名詞,形容詞之前
demobilize decolor
11.anti-加在名詞、形容詞之前
anti-Japanese anti-social
12.counter-加在名詞、動詞前
counterattack counteract counterrevolution
B.表示「前before」的前綴
1. pre-
preconception preexisting preface
2.ante-
anteroom antecessor
3.fore-
forehead foreground foreman foresee foretell
4.pro-
programme prologue
5.ex-
ex-president ex-wife
C.表示「後-post」的前綴
1.post-
post-war post-position
D.表示「低」、「下」的前綴
1. hypo-
hypocrisy(偽善,虛偽),hypothesis(假設)
2.infra-
Infra-red infrahuman infrasonic
3. Sub-
sub-editor subway subconscious submarine
subtropical subtitle
E.表示「回」、「再次」、「向後」的前綴
1.re-
refuel retranslate reinforce reconstruct return
2.retro-
retrograde retrospect
F.表示「共同」、「和」的前綴
1.co-
co-exist cooperate co-ecation
G.表示「相互」、「之間」的前綴
1.inter-
interchangeable interdependent international
H.其它的前綴
1.auto-自
automatic autobiography
2.mal-壞,惡
malnutrition maltreat
3.micro-
microscope microtome
4.tele-遠
telegram telephone telescope
5.demi-,semi- hemi-
semicircle hemisphere demilune
6.Uni-, mono-(單一, 單獨)
monotone monologue uniform
7.bi-,di-二
biyearly biweekly
8.Tri-三
triangle tripod
9.multi-多
multicolored multinational
10.poly –多
polygon polyatomic(多原(續)子的)
11.arch-首領
archbishop architect
12.bene-善,好
benefit benevolence
13.homo-同
homosexual(同性戀的),homograph(同形異義字)
14.neo新 neo-colonialism
後綴亦然,但整體意思沒變 例如加er就把動詞變成了名詞 加s就把單數變成了復數
詞根是指單詞的最核心部分 任何單詞都是由詞根擴展的 例如這個裡面的http://iselong.com/7/527.htm
詞尾和後綴差不多 例如ing ed er 等等
⑷ 英語派生詞
派生法(derivation)是英語主要的構詞法。這方法是借前綴或後綴之助,製造出派生詞(derivative words),主要有名詞、形容詞和動詞三種。
前綴以否定前綴(negative prefixes)un-, in-, im-, il-, ir-, non-, dis-, mis-, mal-等為主,使延伸出來的派生詞變成反義詞。
Ⅰ名詞派生詞 Balance→imbalance;pleasure→displeasure;management→ mismanagement;efficiency→inefficiency;concern→unconcern ;literacy→illiteracy;resolution→irresolution; interference→noninterference;nutrition→malnutrition.
Ⅱ形容詞派生詞 Accurate→inaccurate;patient→impatient. regular→ irregular;legal→illegal;native→non-native;orderly→ disorderly;common→uncommon.
Ⅲ動詞派生詞 Agree→disagree;judge→misjudge;treat→maltreat; activate→inactivate;use→ill-use;mobilize→immobilize; manage→mismanage;quote→unquote.
除了否定前綴之外,其他常用的前綴還有 anti-, auto-, bi-, co-, counter-, de-, ex-, inter-, mono-, post, pre-, pro-, re-, sub-, super-, trans-, tri-, ultra-等。
例如:
anti-government(反政府);auto-intoxication(自我迷醉);bilateral(雙邊的);coexistence(共存);counter-argument (反建議);de-emphasize(不強調);ex-president(前任會長);international(國際間的);monolingual(單語的);post-war (戰後的);precaution(預先防備);pro-China(支持中國); re-state(重述);subhuman(低於人類的);superimpose(加在上面);trans-atlantic(橫跨大西洋的);triangle(三角); ultra-smart(超能的)。
前面例子證明,加上前綴後的詞,雖然意思改變,但詞性保持不變。
(en-除外,象able 形容詞,enable動詞;courage 形容詞,encourage動詞)
相反的,加上後綴的詞,不但詞義有些改變,詞性也完全不同。這樣一來,動詞或形容詞加上適當的後綴之後,可以得到名詞派生詞,
如:
amaze→amazement;kind→kindness.
同樣的,名詞或動詞加上適當的後綴,便可以得到形容詞派生詞,
如:
commerce→commercial;depend→dependent.
最後,名詞或形容詞加上動詞性的後綴,可以得到動詞派生詞,加上副詞性後綴(僅限 -ly),則得到副詞派生詞,
如:
fright(名詞)→frighten(動詞);modern(形容詞)→ modernize(動詞);beauty(名詞)→beautify(動詞);year(名詞)→yearly(副詞);quick(形容詞)→quickly(副詞)。
⑸ 必修二英語派生詞彙總
B2M1 派生詞
fit (adj.) fitness ________ (n) 健康;適合性
2. rare (adj.) rarely ________ (adv.) 稀少地;極少地 health unhealth (n.) 不健康
3. _______ (n.) 健康 ________ healthy _______ (adj.) 健康的 healthily _________(adv.) 健康地
4. wealthy (adj.) wealth ________ (n) 財富;富裕 wealthily _________(adv) 富裕地;有錢地 unhealthy (adj.) 不健康的 unhealthily (adv.) 不健康地 _________
5. anxious (adj.) anxiety ___________ (n) 焦慮;渴望
6. injure (v.) injury (n.) injured _________ (adj.) 受傷的 painful
7. pain (n.) ________ (adj.) 疼痛的 painless (adj.) 不痛的 ________ abnormal (adj.) 不正常的 ________
8. normal (adj.)
9. overweight (adj.) / (n) 超重;優勢 overweigh __________ (v) 比…重;勝過; 給…加負擔;壓倒 breath
10. breathe (v.) ________ (n.) 呼吸;氣息 insure ________ (v.) 保障;確保 11. insurance (n.) 給…提供擔保 The usage of some useful words in M
1 1.詞綴 「 ~ache (n/ vi)
疼痛」 toothache 牙痛 ______________
頭痛 headache stomachache ______________
胃痛 stomachache / bellyache _______________________
腹痛/ 肚子痛 backache ______________
背痛 註:手痛腿痛等其它部位疼痛的表達方式 a pain in my /the hand / leg / chest etc.
2.頻率副詞
1) be動詞後
2) 實意動詞前
3) 助動詞與 實意動詞之間 always 總是 usually / often / frequently 經常 sometimes 有時 seldom 很少 rarely 極少 never 從來沒有
請把括弧中的頻率副詞放在句子中:
1. She is a good student. (always) ∧
2. We play in the playground. (often) ∧
3. Mike doesn』t get up at six o』clock. (usually) ∧
請翻譯下列句子: My brother rarely plays computer
1.我弟弟很少玩電腦游戲. games.
2.我們要始終堅持我們的信仰. We should always stand up for our beliefs. The usage of some useful words in M
1 3. proverb 「諺語; 古語」 常用表達式: As the proverb says / goes, ….. 「俗話說…」_____________________________ 「中國有句老話說…」 An old Chinese proverb says (that)… ______________________________________ The usage of some useful words in M1 4. normal 「正常的;正規的;一般的」 辨析: 平常的;一向的;慣用的 usual _____________________________ 普通的;平凡的;大眾化的 ordinary ___________________________ common___________________________ 常(見/聽/用)的;共同的 有規律的;定期的;整齊的 regular ____________________________ 標準的;模範的;權威的 standard___________________________ usual; common; ordinary; normal; standard; regular usual 1. She found him in the midst of a group of his ___ friends. 她在他的一群老朋友中找到了他。 regular 2. Taking a ______ exercise can keep us in health. 定期做鍛煉可以使我們保持健康。 3. 「Mary」 is a common name used in America. _______ Mary是在美國常用的一個名字。 ordinary 4. You and I are _______ people. 你我都是平凡人。 5. The normal temperature of our human is 36.5℃ ______ 人類的正常體溫是36.5℃ standard 6. What I need is a(n)________ answer to the question. 我需要這個問題的標准答案。
⑹ 在英語中,什麼叫派生詞啊
派生詞,是英語主要的構詞法。這方法是借前綴或後綴之助,製造出派生詞,主要有名詞、形容詞和動詞三種。前綴以否定前綴-等為主,使延伸出來的派生詞變成反義詞。
⑺ 求:高中英語 單詞的派生詞歸納
一、英語最常用前綴、後綴
前 綴 意 義 單 詞 加前綴派生詞 加後綴派生詞
ad- 向、到 join加入 adjoin鄰接 adjoining鄰接的, 隔壁的
re- 回 turn轉動 return回來 returnless回不來的
再、又 build建造 rebuild重建 rebuilder重建者
con- 共同 firm 堅固 confirm確定 confirmedly堅定地
ob- 向 press壓 oppress壓迫 oppressive壓制性的, 壓迫的
in- 里 port港口 import進口;重要 important重要的
否定 correct正確 incorrect不正確 rectitude正直, 公正
trans- 貫通 port港口 transport運輸 transportation運輸
pre- 前 school學校 preschool學齡前 preschooler學齡前兒童
pro- 前 long長的 prolong延長 prolongate延長, 伸長
per- 完全 form形狀 perform完成 performance履行,表演
ex- 外 port港口 export出口 exporter出口商
dis- 分開 part部分 dispart分離 dispartment分離, 分開
否定 agree同意
like喜歡 disagree不同意
dislike厭惡 disagreement爭執, 不和
dislikeful令人嫌惡的
sub- 下 way路 subway地鐵 exportable可輸出的
un 否定 like象 unlike不象... unlikeness不相等, 不象
sur 上 face臉面 surface表面 surfacewise沿著表面(地)
註:-ing,-less(否定),-ed,-ive,-ant,-ful,-able是形容詞後綴;
-er,-itude,-ation,-ance,-ment,-ness,是名詞後綴;
-ly,-wise是形容詞、副詞後綴;-ate是動詞、名詞、形容詞後綴。
讀者掌握上述後綴基礎上,完全可以「猜出」最後一列派生單詞的意義,實現「不背而記」。
二、派生法構詞公式:<前綴>+詞根(詞根變體或單詞)+<後綴>
前 綴 詞根 單 詞 fect變體 單 詞
ad-向、到 fect
做 affect影響, 感動 fair affair事務, 事件
re-回;再 refect使精神振作 act retroact反作用
con-共同 confection甜食 pact compact契約
de-下 defect過失, 缺點 fic deficit赤字
in-里 infect傳染, 感染 pact impact影響
trans-貫通 transfect轉染 act transaction交易
pre-前 prefect各類官員 fig prefigure預示
per-完全 perfect完美的 funct perfunctory草率
ex-外 effect效果, 作用 fic efficient生效的
dis-否定 disaffect 使疏遠 fic difficult困難的
前 綴 單詞 單 詞 單詞 單 詞
ad-向、到 press壓力 adpress壓於表面 test
測試 attest證明
re-再、又 repress補充加壓 retest再考驗
con-共同 compress壓縮 contest競賽
ob-向 oppress壓迫 obtest懇求
in-里;否定 impress蓋印 intestable
無資格立遺屬的
pre-前 prepressing預壓 pretest模考
pro-前 — protest聲明
ex-外 express急速的 —
sub-下 suppress鎮壓 subtest子測驗
三、派生詞affect的「再派生」
加前綴「再派生」 單 詞 加後綴「再派生」
disaffect使疏遠
disaffected抱不平的
disaffection不滿, 不平
unaffected自然的
unaffectedly自然地
unaffectionate缺乏愛的
conaffetto[音]深情地 affect
影響,感動;假裝 affectability感觸性
affectation假裝, 虛飾
affected假裝的, 做作的
affecting感人的
affectingly令人感動地
affection友愛, 影響
affectional情感上的
affectionate親愛的
affectionately摯愛地
affectionateness深情
affective情感的
affectively情感地
affectivity情感作用
affectless冷酷無情的
affectlessly冷酷無情地
affectlessness冷酷無情