英語詞彙學期末考試
㈠ 英語詞彙學必背知識點
1.Depending on personal experience, personal type and emotion concern, we find that some people hold the idea of..., while others prefer...
基於個人經歷、個性類型和情感關注的不同，我們發現有人持……的觀點，而另外一些人則更喜歡……
例句：Depending on personal experience, personal type and emotion concern, we find that some people hold the idea of living in the small town, while others prefer the big city.
基於個人經歷、個性類型和情感關注的不同，我們發現有人喜歡生活在小城鎮，而另外一些人則更喜歡大城市。
2.When asked about..., the vast/ overwhelming majority of/ most/ many/ quite a few people say/ think/ believe/ answer that... But...
當被問及……時，多數（大多數、許多）人認為（回答）……但是……
例句：When asked about choosing living place, the vast people think that living in the big city is perfect. But I think living in the small town is the better choice.
當被問及在選擇居住地方時，多數人認為居住在城市是很棒的。但是我覺得住在小城鎮更好。
3.When it comes to ..., some think/ hold/ believe...
當提及……時，有人認為……
例句：When it comes to sports, some believe basketball is the most popular one.
當提到運動時，有人認為籃球是最受歡迎的。
4.It has become apparent to us that...
對我們來說，……已經變得很明顯了
例句：It has become apparent to us that living in a small town is more comfortable.
對我們來說，住在小城鎮更加舒服。
5.Nowadays, it is commonly/ widely/ generally believed/ thought/ held that..., but I wonder/ doubt that...
如今，人們普遍認為……，但是我懷疑……
例句：Nowadays, it is generally believed that living in a big city is convenient, but I doubt that living in a small country is more comfortable.
如今，人們普遍認為住在大城市更便利，但是我覺得住在小城鎮更加舒服。
6.With the rapid growth of..., ...have/has become increasingly important in our daily life.
隨著……的快速增長，……日常生活中已經變得越來越重要。
例如：With the rapid growth of hi-tech skills, cellphone has become increasingly important in our daily life.
隨著高科技的快速增長，手機在日常生活中已經變得越來越重要。
這個就是一些萬能的英語句子，來源於網路。
㈡ 自考英語詞彙學要怎麼復習
何謂詞彙學？不少學生誤以為，詞彙學就是「學詞彙」，把詞彙學與市場上編寫的「突破詞彙大關」的各種詞彙手冊聯系起來。然而，真正開始學習，發現完全是兩回事，因此產生畏難情緒。有的學生說，他們把《英語詞彙學》看過數遍，書上講的東西似乎都明白了，但參加考試，結果卻不理想。凡此種種，實際上集中於兩個問題：一是詞彙學屬於什麼性質的課程，它包括哪些內容？二是學詞彙學，怎樣才能收到好效果？本文就這兩個問題談幾點意見。
一、《英語詞彙學》的性質
英語詞彙學是一門有關英語詞彙的學問，是普通高等院校英語專業普遍開設的專業知識課程。因為這門課程實用性強，對學好英語語言很重要，所以被列為高等教育自學考試英語語言文學專業本科段選修課。
英語詞彙學是專業理論課，它運用現代語言學的有關理論，研究英語語言中的詞彙問題。該課程介紹「詞」的基本知識，討論詞的形態結構及構成方式，探討詞的意義及語義關系，闡述英語詞彙的發展變化乃至相關的詞典知識。學習本課程的目的是對英語詞彙具有比較系統、比較完整的知識，較深入地了解英語詞彙的現狀及其歷史演變過程，並能對現代英語詞彙發展中出現的各種詞彙現象做出分析和解釋，提高對英語詞語的理解、闡釋和綜合運用的能力。由此可見，詞彙學絕對不是一般意義上的「學詞彙」。
二、內容的安排及重難點
《英語詞彙學》教程共十章，其涵蓋的內容可以分為五大塊：一、英語詞彙的基本常識及其來源和發展；二、英語詞彙的形態結構及構成方式；三、詞的意義、關系及變化；四、英語習語；五、英語詞典。第一、二、三、四章主要討論英語詞彙的形式；第五、六、七、八章集中探討詞的意義；第九章論述習語，即「多成分」詞語；第十章研究詞典。各章盡管長短不同，繁簡各異，但每章都有一定數量的知識點，只是多寡不一。至於哪些章節重要，哪些章節不重要很難確定。應該說每個知識點都重要，知識點多的章節比知識點少的更重要。不過，就其實用性而言，還是有區別的。英語詞彙的構成方式、詞的意義、語義關系、意義與語境等章節相比之下更為實用，更能鍛煉語言綜合應用能力。
就其難易度而言，亦因人而異。有的章節難是因為涉及的專業術語多，定義多，難以識記，如第一章、第二章等；有的章節含有大量的例詞，難記住，如第三章、第八章、第九章等；還有的是概念較為復雜，領會起來較難，如第三章、第五章等。因為考生各自的背景不同，知識面有別，閱讀理解能力各異，所以某些人認為難的章節，對另外一些人可能較容易，故不能一概而論。在學習過程中，對自己感覺難的章節多下些工夫。有的術語概念，讀一遍可能朦朦朧朧，讀兩遍也許有所領悟，多讀幾遍其義會自然明白。
三、如何讀書
《英語詞彙學》是為英語自考者所編的教材，從語言的選用到內容和知識點的處理，都有助於學生自學。現在的自考學員大致分為三類。第一類是就讀自學助考班的學員，脫產學習，有教師教；第二類學生是上班族，邊工作邊學習，以自學為主，考前參加一兩次短期培訓班；第三類是名副其實的自學者。不管是哪一類學生，首先都必須要有苦幹精神和拼勁。不認真，不刻苦是不會有好效果的。當然，只一味地「死」讀，不善於聯想、思考，方法不得當，花了時間也未必會取得好成績。
第一類學生，時間充裕，而且有教師教，要善於利用這些有利的條件。上課前必須充分預習，把不懂的問題記下來，這樣上課時，帶著問題聽講，效果會更好。第二類和第三類的學生，一般說工作閱歷較為豐富，不少自學能力較強，不利的因素是時間緊，任務重，因此要周密計劃，巧妙安排。要發揚螞蟻啃骨頭的精神，一章一節地細讀，把不懂的問題和疑難點全部記下來，有機會找人請教，或在短訓班集中解決。
要想在學習中取得事半功倍的效果，一定要處理好下述幾個關系：
1．重點和一般的關系。本文前面已經講過，英語詞彙學是一門理論知識課，每個知識點應該說都重要，所以重點和一般本來就難以界定。從掌握知識來說，不要去分重點和一般，對每章每節都要以搞懂弄通為原則。特別要防止為考試去猜題、押題。考試的試卷是從題庫中臨時抽取拼合而成的，每個知識點都可能成為考點，同樣的知識點可能以不同的形式進入試卷，所以，一味地抓重點，猜考題，可能會抓瞎。只有把書上講的理論知識全部搞明白，才能觸會貫通，以不變應萬變，臨陣不慌。就考試的題型而言（後面還要談到），簡單應用題和綜合應用題主要集中在實用性較強的那些章節，所以在這些方面多下些工夫，多思考是有益處的。苦幹加巧幹，定會收到事半功倍之效。
2．識記、領會和應用的關系。《英語詞彙學考綱》上對學習提出了能力層次要求，包括識記、領會和運用。識記是最低層次，即對有關概念、定義、知識點和主要的例詞要記住。但是，「識記」不是「死記」，不是說要把書上的定義逐字背下來，而是把那些概念意義記住，這樣在運用的時候，可以變換方式表述，只要能說清楚就行。領會就是要理解，搞清楚書中闡述的基本理論知識的精神實質，它們與其它相關理論知識的關系和異同。運用就是能利用書中所學的理論知識和方式方法去分析、闡釋英語詞彙的種種現象，並能用自己的語言對其進行重構、改造和正確表述。三個能力層次雖要求不同，卻緊密相關。識記是基礎，記不住的東西談不上領會，更無從運用。相反，領會了的東西容易記，而且不易忘記。只有領會了的東西，才可能轉化為活的知識，才能達到運用。比如有這樣一道簡單應用題：
If a word is a hyponym in one semantic field, can it also be a superordinate in another semantic field? Use an example to illustrate your point.
該題涉及三個術語和概念，即hyponym，semantic field，superordinate；它們之間的關系是：semantic field（語義場）由兩個以上的hyponym（下義詞）構成，能概括或支配semantic field中各個hyponym的詞叫superordinate（上義詞），它們的關系是上下義關系。上義詞和下義詞是相對而言的，它們的身份是可以轉化的。如horse（馬） 在 sheep（羊）, cow（牛）, horse（馬），dog（狗）等組成的animal（動物）語義場中是下義詞, 但在mustang（小野馬）, mare（母馬）, mule（騾）, stallion（牡馬）等構成的語義場中變成了上義詞。要做好這道題，首先必須識記hyponym，semantic field，superordinate三個術語及其定義，進而領會它們之間的關系與區別，然後才有可能舉例闡述出來。所以說三個能力層次依次遞進，且相互聯系。記憶是基礎，但決不能僅滿足於記憶。對每一個知識點一定要領會，按書中提供的方法對語言現象進行分析，做到學以致用。
㈢ 英語詞彙學考試重點章節
Chapter 1
1 - The definition of a word comprises the following points:
(1) a minimal free form of a language;
(2) a sound unity;
(3) a unit of meaning;
(4) a form that can function alone in a sentence.
A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.
2- Sound and Meaning: symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary and conventional.
A dog is called a dog not because the sound and the three letters that make up the word just automatically suggest the animal in question.
3- Old English, the speech of the time was represented very much more faithfully in writing than it is today. The internal reason for this is that the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans, which does not have a separate letter to represent each sound in the language so that some letters must do double ty or work together in combination.
Another reason is that the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years, and in some cases the two have drawn far apart.
4-A third reason is that some of the differences were created by the early scribes.
Finally comes the borrowing, which is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary.
5 - Vocabulary: All the words in a language make up its vocabulary. Not only can it refer to the total number of the words in a language, but it can stand for all the
words used in a particular historical period. We also use it to refer to all the words of a given dialect, a given book, a given discipline and the words possessed by an indivial person. The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over million words.
words used in a particular historical period. We also use it to refer to all the words of a given dialect, a given book, a given discipline and the words possessed by an indivial person. The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over million words.
words used in a particular historical period. We also use it to refer to all the words of a given dialect, a given book, a given discipline and the words possessed by an indivial person. The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over million words.
words used in a particular historical period. We also use it to refer to all the words of a given dialect, a given book, a given discipline and the words possessed by an indivial person. The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over million words.
6 - Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency, into content words and functional words by notion, and into native words and borrowed words by origin.
7 - The basic word stock is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language. Though words of the basic word stock constitute a small percentage of the English vocabulary, yet it is the most important part of it. These words have obvious characteristics.
8 - All national character. Words of the basic word stock denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us, which are indispensable to all the people who speak the language
Natural phenomena/Human body and relations/Names of plants and animals/Action, size, domain, state/Numerals, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions
9 - Stability. Words of the basic word stock have been in use for centuries.
10 - Proctivity . Words of the basic word stock are mostly root words or monosyllabic words. They can each be used alone, and at the same time can form new words with other roots and affixes.
11 - Polysemy. Words belonging to the basic word stock often possess more than one meaning because most of them have undertone semantic changes in the course of use and become polysemous.
12 - Collocability . Many words of the basic word stock quite a number of set expressions, idiomatic usages, proverbial sayings and the like.
13 - Terminology consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas .
14 - Jargon refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves such as in business.
15 - Slang belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words like cant, jargon, and argot, all of which are associated with, or most available to, specific groups of the population.
Slang is created by changing or extending the meaning of existing words though some slang words are new coinages altogether. Slang is colourful, blunt, expressive and impressive.
16 - Argot generally refers to the jargon of criminals.
17 - Dialectal words are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.
18 - Archaisms are words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.
19 - Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings.
20 - By notion, words can be grouped into content words and functional words. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as notional words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals, which denote objects, phenomena, action, quality, state, degree, quantity.
21 - Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called empty words. As their chief function is to express the relation between notions, the relation between words as well as between sentences, they are known as form words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.
22 - However, functional words do far more work of expression in English on average than content words.
23 - Native words are words brought to Britain in the fifth century by the German tribes; the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes, thus known as Anglo-Saxon words.
24 - Apart from the characteristics mentioned of the basic word stock, in contrast to borrowed words, native words have two other features:
Neutral in style. they are not stylistically specific.
Stylistically, natives words are neither formal nor informal whereas the words borrowed from French or Latin are literary and learned, thus appropiate in formal style.
Frequent in use. Native words are most frequently used in everyday speech and writing.
25 - Words taken over from foreign languages are known as borrowed words or loan words or borrowings in simple terms. It is estimated that English borrowings constitute 80 percent of the modem English vocabulary. The English
language is noted for the remarkable complexity and heterogeneity of its vocabulary because of its extensive borrowings
26 - Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling. These words are immediately recognizable as foreign in origin.
27 - Semantic-loans. Words of this category are not borrowed with reference to the form. But their meanings are borrowed. In other words, English has borrowed a new meaning for an existing word in the language.
還有很多，主要要看書！希望我們一起通過！加油！