2015上海高三英语试卷

Ⅰ 高考英语(上海卷)完型填空真题~~附答案的~~狂赏

Being alone in outer space can be frightening.That is one reason why astronauts on solo(单独的) space flights were given plenty of work to keep them 45 .They were also in constant communication with people on the earth._ 46 ,being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone.This is what happens on long submarine(潜水艇) voyages.It will also happen on 47 space flights in the future.Will there be special problems of adjustment under such conditions?
Scientists have studied the reactions of men to one another ring long submarine voyages.They have found that the longer the voyage lasts the more serious the problem of___ 48___ is.When men are 49 together for a long period,they begin to feel uneasy.Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable.In the limited space over a long period of time,however,these little habits may become very 50 .
Apparently,although no one wants to be 51 all the time,everyone needs some degree of privacy.When people are enclosed together,they are in what is called a stress situation.That means that they are under an unusual amount of 52 or stress.
People who are well-adjusted are able to 53 stress situations better than others.That is one reason why so much care is taken in 54 our astronauts.These men undergo a long period of testing and training.One of the things tested is their behaviour under stress.
45.A.tired B.asleep C.conscious D.busy
46.A.So far B.After all C.However D.Therefore
47.A.long B.fast C.dangerous D.direct
48.A.fuel B.entertainment C.adjustment D.health
49.A.shut up B.held up C.brought up D.picked up
50.A.pleasing B.annoying C.common D.valuable
51.A.noisy B.alone C.personal D.sociable
52.A.emphasis B.conflict C.power D.pressure
53.A.handle B.create C.affect D.investigate
54.A.becoming B.choosing
C.ordering D.promoting

B
One topic is rarely mentioned in all the talk of improving standards in our schools:the almost complete failure of foreign-language teaching.As a French graate who has taught for more than twenty-five years.I believe I have some idea of why the failure is so total. 55 the faults already found out in the ecation system as a whole—such as child-centred learning,the “” method,and the low expectations by teachers of pupils—there have been several serious 56 which have a direct effect on language teaching.
The first is the removal from the curriculum(课程) of the thorough teaching of English 57 .Pupils now do not know a verb from a noun,the subject of a sentence from its object,or the difference between the past,present,or future.
Another important error is mixed-ability teaching,or teaching in ability groups so 58 that the most able pupils are 59 and are bored while the least able are lost and 60 bored.
Strangely enough,few head teachers seem to be in favour of mixed-ability school football teams.
Progress depends on memory,and pupils start to forget immediately they stop having 61
lessons.This is why many people who attended French lessons at school,even those who got good grades,have forgotten it a few years later. 62 they never need it,they do not practise it.
Most American schools have accepted what is inevitable and 63 modern languages,even Spanish,from the curriculum.Perhaps it is time for Britain to do the same,and stop
64 resources on a subject which few pupils want or need.
55.A.Due to B.In addition to
C.Instead of D.In spite of
56.A.errors B.situations C.systems D.methods
57.A.vocabulary B.culture C.grammar D.literature
58.A.wide B.similar C.separate D.unique
59.A.kept out B.turned down
C.held back D.left behind
60.A.surprisingly B.indivially
C.equally D.hardly
61.A.extra B.traditional C.basic D.regular
62.A.Although B.Because C.Until D.Unless
63.A.restored B.absorbed C.prohibited D.withdrawn
64.A.wasting B.focusing C.exploiting D.sharing
45.答案：D
解析：busy意为“忙碌的”。根据上文中的“...were given plenty of work”可判断出给他们足够的工作使他们保持忙碌的状态。tired意为“疲劳的,累的,疲倦的”。asleep意为“睡着的,睡熟的”。conscious意为“有意识的,有知觉的”。
46.答案：C
解析：however意为“然而,可是”。根据“They were also in constant communication with people on the earth”和“being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone”是转折关系，所以要用however。so far意为“迄今为止”；after all意为“毕竟”；therefore意为“因此,所以”。
47.答案：A
解析：long意为“长的,长期的”。根据上文中的“This is what happens on long submarine voyages.”可判断出要用long，表示“对于将来长时间的太空飞行也是这样。”also意为“也”，fast意为“快速的”；dangerous意为“危险的”；direct意为“直接的”。
48.答案：C
解析：adjustment意为“调整,调节”。根据上文中的“Will there be special problems of adjustment under such conditions”可判断出表示航行的时间越长，调节的问题越严重。fuel意为“燃料”；entertainment意为“款待,娱乐,娱乐表演”；health意为“健康”。
49.答案：A
解析：shut up意为“关闭,关上”。表示“当把一些人长时间关在一起，他们就开始感觉不舒服”。故选A项。hold up意为“举起,支撑,继续下去,阻挡,拦截”；bring up意为“教育,培养”；pick up意为“捡起,获得”。
50.答案：B
解析：annoying意为“恼人的,讨厌的”。根据上文中的“Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable.”可判断出“当人长时间待在有限的空间内，这些小的习惯就变得令人恼火”。acceptable和annoying含有相反的意味；pleasing意为“令人高兴的,愉快的,合意的”；common意为“共同的,公共的,公有的,普通的”；valuable意为“贵重的,有价值的,颇有价值的”。
51.答案：B
解析：alone意为“孤独的,独自的”。根据上面两段的内容可判断出任何人都不愿意孤独。noisy意为“嘈杂的,聒噪的”；personal意为“私人的,个人的,亲自的”；sociable意为“好交际的,友善的,增进友谊的,喜欢群居的”。
52.答案：D
解析：pressure意为“压,压力”；表示“这意味着他们处于不正常的压力和紧张中”。emphasis意为“强调,重点”；conflict意为“斗争,冲突”；power意为“能力,力量,动力,权力”。
53.答案：A
解析：handle 意为“处理,操作”。表示“自我调节好的人比其他人能够更好地处理紧张局面”。create意为“创造,创作,引起,造成”；affect意为“影响,感动”；investigate意为“调查,研究”。
54.答案：B
解析：choose意为“选择,选定”。根据上文中的“People who are well-adjusted are able to handle stress situations better than others”可判断出要挑选那些自我调节好的人当宇航员。become意为“变成,成为,变得”；order意为“命令,订购,定制”；promote意为“促进,发扬,提升,提拔,晋升为”。
55.答案：B
解析：in addition to意为“除……之外”，指“除……外还有”，根据句意选B项。e to意为“由于,应归于”；instead of意为“代替,而不是”；in spite of意为“不管”。
56.答案：A
解析：error意为“错误,过失,误差”。根据第三段“Another important error is mixed-ability teaching”可判断出有几个对语言教学产生影响的严重错误。故选A项。situation意为“情形,境遇”；system意为“系统,体系,制度,体制,秩序,规律,方法”；method意为“方法”。
57.答案：C
解析：grammar意为“语法”。根据下文中的“Pupils now do not know a verb from a noun,the subject of a sentence from its object,or the difference between the past,present,or future.”可判断出这里指的是语法，因为区分动词和名词、主语和宾语、过去时、现在时和将来时都属于语法问题。vocabulary意为“词汇,词汇量,词表”；culture意为“文化,文明”；literature意为“文学(作品),文艺,著作,文献”。
58.答案：A
解析：wide意为“宽的,广阔的”。根据下文中的“the most able pupils are held back and are bored while the least able are lost and equally bored.”可判断出所教的学生的能力差别太大。similar意为“相似的,类似的”；separate意为“分开的,分离的,个别的,单独的”；unique意为“唯一的,独特的”。
59.答案：C
解析：hold back意为“阻止,抑制”。根据上文的内容可判断出“由于所教学生的能力差别太大，能力最强的学生受到了抑制”。keep out意为“使……在外”；turn down意为“(被)向下折转,拒绝”；leave behind意为“留下,遗留”。
60.答案：C
解析：equally意为“相等地,平等地,公平地”。根据上文中的“while the least able are lost”可判断出因为能力最差的学生听不懂所讲的课程，所以他们和能力最强的学生一样感到无聊。surprisingly意为“令人惊讶地”；indivially意为“个别地”；hardly意为“几乎不”。
61.答案：D
解析：regular意为“规则的,有秩序的,经常的”。表示“进步依赖于记忆，学生们上完常规的课程很快开始遗忘。regular lessons指“学生在学校学习的课程”；extra意为“额外的”；traditional意为“传统的,惯例的”；basic意为“基本的”。
62.答案：B
解析：because意为“因为”。they do not practice it与they never need it是因果关系，表示“因为他们需要它，所以也不练习它”。although意为“虽然”；until意为“到……为止,在……以前”；unless意为“如果不,除非”。
63.答案：D
解析：withdraw意为“收回,撤销，缩回,退出”。表示“大多数美国学校认为这是不可避免的，并从课程表中取消了现代语言，甚至西班牙语”。restore意为“恢复,使回复,归还,交还,修复,重建”；absorb意为“吸收,吸引”；prohibit意为“禁止,阻止”。
64.答案：A
解析：waste意为“浪费,消耗”。根据上文中的inevitable可判断出由于学生不学这门语言就会遗忘是一件不可避免的事，所以应该停止浪费学习一门学生们不想学习或不需要学习课程方面所花费的资源。focus意为“调焦,集中”；explore意为“探险,探测,探究”；share意为“分享,均分,共有,分配”。

Ⅱ 2015年高考英语上海卷

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