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英语派生词归纳答案

发布时间: 2021-03-05 13:59:25

⑴ 英语什么派生词

派生词,是英语主要的构词法。这方法是借前缀或后缀之助,制造出派生专词,主要有名词、形容属词和动词三种。前缀以否定前缀-等为主,使延伸出来的派生词变成反义词。今天,小编为大家整理了高中英语必修一至选修八课本后词汇表中的派生词,方便记忆。

七年级英语ing形容词和ed形容词归纳

–ed形容词和–ing形容词的用法区别
一、传统的观点许多参考书认为:-ing形容词与表示事物的名词连用,-ed形容词与表示人的名词连用。此说法在很多情况下是可行的,但表述欠准确,在许多情况下却是不可靠的。如-ing 形容词用于人的情况就比比皆是:假若你的老师说话幽默、讲课生动,那么不仅他的课非常interesting,而且你会说他是一个 interesting man(有趣的人)。
比较:
I’m interested in interesting people. 我对有趣的人感兴趣。
He was worried about his worrying son. 他为他令人担忧的儿子感到担忧。
He was annoyed with the annoying person. 他对这个讨厌的人很生气。
另一方面,-ed 形容词用于指物的情况也不少见。比较并体会:
a frightened look 害怕的表情(指带有这种“表情”的人感到害怕)
a frightening look 吓人的表情(指这种“表情”令人害怕)
an excited talk 心情激动的谈话(指“谈话”的人心情激动)
an exciting talk 令人激动的谈话(指听“谈话”的人心情激动)
由于传统的观点说得太绝对,有时做起题来还可能会因此掉入命题人的陷阱,请看下面一题 :
_____ do you think of your English teacher? Is he _______?
A. What, interesting B. What, interestedC. How, interesting D. How, interested
此题考查两方面的知识点:一是考查what do you think of…与how do you like…的用法区别(两者搭配不同,但意思相同);二是考查interesting与interested的用法区别。若套用以上关于-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别,则可能将答案锁定为D。但是错了,此题的最佳答案应是A。

二、正确的观点关于-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别,比较准确的表述应该是:
1. 以后缀 –ed结尾的形容词(如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于说明人,不用于说明事物,即使它们所修饰的名词是事物,那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。如:
He had a pleased smile on his face.
他脸上露出了满意的微笑。
He told me the news in a very excited voice.
他声音很激动地告诉了我这个消息。
第一句中的a pleased smile 意为“满意的微笑”,它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑;
第二句中的 a very excited voice 指的是“很激动的声音”,即指的是某人因很激动而发生那样的声音。
原则上,-ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人,若修饰事物,则多为 air(神态), appearance(外貌), cry(哭声), face(表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪)<'Times New Roman'">), mood(等显示某人的情感状况的名词。
2. 以后缀 -ing 结尾的形容词(如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于说明事物,表示事物的性质或特征,若用它们说明人,则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如:
The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。
The man is very interesting. 这个人很有趣。
请再比较并体会以下句子:
He is frightened. 他很害怕。He is frightening. 他很吓人。
He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。
He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带有吓人的神情。
I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。
I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。

三、学练结合请做做以下试题,看你是否能克服原来的思维定势,能否跳出命题人的陷阱:
1. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _____.
A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry
2. The little boy isn’t getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son _____, she feels very ______.
A. disappointing;worrying B. disappointing;worried
C. disappointed;worried D. disappointed;worrying
3. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, ______.
A. safe but tired B. safely but tired C. safe and tiring D. safely and tiring
4. As we all know, typing is a ______ job to a ______ heart.
A. tired; tired B. tired; tiring C. tiring; tired D. tiring; tiring
5. Poor boy! His________ looks and ________hands suggested he was very afraid.A. frightful; trembling B. frightened; trembling
C. frightening; trembled D. frightened; trembly
答案与解析:
1. 选A。句中的that punish…the law是定语从句。句意是:因为他们小孩的违法行为而惩罚其父母,这样的法律使得做父母的感到忧虑。表示人“感到忧虑的”用由过去分词转换而来的形容词。
2. 选B。句意是:由于她的儿子令人失望,她感到非常烦恼。表示“令人……的”用 -ing 形容词;表示“感到……的”用 -ed形容词。
3. 选A。此题一方面考查形容词作状语(。此题一方面考查形容词作状语(当形容词用作状语时,表示意义上的增补,和句子主语在逻辑上有主谓关系),另一方面考查形容词tiring与tired的用法区别,此处填tired表示“人感到疲惫的”,即选A。。
4. 选C。第一空填tiring,表示“使人劳累的”;第二空填tired,表示“感到劳累的”。
5. 选B。第一空填frightened,其意为“感到害怕的”;第二空填trembling表示动作的进行。也就是说,frightened说明主语因……而产生的情绪反应,从而影响到人的身体部位……trembling。
ed形式及常见短语与 ing形式形容词归纳
excited (be ~d about) / exciting
surprised (be ~d at) //surprising
amazed (be ~d at) //amazing
embarrassed(be ~ed in) //embarrassing
encouraged(be ~ed at / by) / encouraging
frustrated (be ~d of) / frustrating
interested (be ~ed in) / interesting
thrilled (be ~ed at) / thrilling
terrified (be terrified at/ of / with) / terrifying
pleased (be ~d with) / pleasing, = pleasant
satisfied(be satisfied with) / satisfying
frightened (be ~ed at / of ) / frightening
tired (be ~d of) / tiring
bored (be ~d with) / boring
relaxed (无固定搭配) / relaxing
fascinated (be ~d by) / fascinating
annoyed (be ~ed with) / annoying
moved (be ~d by) / moving
worried (be worried about) / worrying
confused (be confused about) / confusing

练习:
一 用括号内所给动词的-ed形式或-ing形式填空
1. The children were ____after the trip. (tire)
2. The trip was____. (tire)
3. The ____children went to bed early after the trip. (tire)
4. The ____trip lasted a whole day. (tire)
5. The trip made the children____. (tire)
6. The bad weather made the trip____. (tire)
7. Tom’s parents are ____ at his ____ results of the exams.(disappoint)
8. ____and angry, he left the meeting-room. (disappoint)
9. It is ____that he didn’t pass the examination.(disappoint)
10. When hearing the____ news that Michael Jackson passed away, they were____to look at each other. (surprise)
11. He was ____ about his ____ son. (worry)
12. I'm not ____with his interpretation of this sentence. (satisfy)
13. He was ____with the ____person. (annoy)
14. A police car appeared on the road, the thief had a____ look on his face. (frighten)
15. The situation here is ____and we are____. (encourage)
答案:
1. tired 2. tiring 3. tired 4. tiring 5. tired 6. tiring 7. disappointed, disappointing) 8. Disappointed 9. disappointing
10. surprising; surprised 11. worried; worrying 12. satisfied 13. annoyed; annoying 14. frightened
15. encouraging; encouraged
二 巩固练习:
1. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front ______to arrive.(2008•全国卷I)
A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected
2. —Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend? (2008•上海高考)
—Terry? Never! He _____ tents and fresh air!
A. has hated B. hated C. will hate D. hates
3. By the time he realizes he ____ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it. (2008•山东高考)
A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked
4. So far this year we ______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (2008•福建高考)
A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen
5. Some of the people who ________ to the party can’t come now. (2008• 烟台模拟)
A. had been invited B. have been invited C. are invited D. invited
6. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _____. A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry
7. The little boy isn’t getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son _____, she feels very ______.
A. disappointing; worrying B. disappointing; worried
C. disappointed; worried D. disappointed; worrying
8. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, ______.
A. safe but tired B. safely but tired C. safe and tiring D. safely and tiring
9. As we all know, typing is a ______ job to a ______ heart.
A. tired; tired B. tired; tiring C. tiring; tired D. tiring; tiring
10. Poor boy! His________ looks and ________hands suggested he was very afraid.
A. frightful; trembling B. frightened; trembling
C. frightening; trembled D. frightened; trembly
11._____ do you think of your English teacher? Is he _______?
A. What, interesting B. What, interested
C. How, interesting D. How, interested
答案:1-5 ADCDB 6-11ABACBA

⑶ 求英语派生词缀的总结

前缀就是放在单词前面的 改变这个词的词义
例如A.表示否定的前缀
1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前
disadvantage dishonorable disagree
2.in-加在形容词,名词之前
incorrect inability inaccurate
3.im-加在字母m,b,p之前
impossible impolite
4.il-加在以1开头的词前
illegal illiterate illogical
5.ir-加在以r开头的词前
irregular irresistible irresolvable
6.un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前
unfinished undoubted unemployment
7.non-加在形容词,名词前
nonexistence nonessential non-electrical
8.mis-加在动词、名词之前
misunderstand misjudge misleading misfortune
9.dis-加地动词之前
disappear disarm disconnect
10.de-加在名词,形容词之前
demobilize decolor
11.anti-加在名词、形容词之前
anti-Japanese anti-social
12.counter-加在名词、动词前
counterattack counteract counterrevolution

B.表示“前before”的前缀
1. pre-
preconception preexisting preface
2.ante-
anteroom antecessor
3.fore-
forehead foreground foreman foresee foretell
4.pro-
programme prologue
5.ex-
ex-president ex-wife

C.表示“后-post”的前缀
1.post-
post-war post-position

D.表示“低”、“下”的前缀
1. hypo-
hypocrisy(伪善,虚伪),hypothesis(假设)
2.infra-
Infra-red infrahuman infrasonic
3. Sub-
sub-editor subway subconscious submarine
subtropical subtitle

E.表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀
1.re-
refuel retranslate reinforce reconstruct return
2.retro-
retrograde retrospect

F.表示“共同”、“和”的前缀
1.co-
co-exist cooperate co-ecation

G.表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀
1.inter-
interchangeable interdependent international

H.其它的前缀
1.auto-自
automatic autobiography
2.mal-坏,恶
malnutrition maltreat
3.micro-
microscope microtome
4.tele-远
telegram telephone telescope
5.demi-,semi- hemi-
semicircle hemisphere demilune
6.Uni-, mono-(单一, 单独)
monotone monologue uniform
7.bi-,di-二
biyearly biweekly
8.Tri-三
triangle tripod
9.multi-多
multicolored multinational
10.poly –多
polygon polyatomic(多原(续)子的)
11.arch-首领
archbishop architect
12.bene-善,好
benefit benevolence
13.homo-同
homosexual(同性恋的),homograph(同形异义字)
14.neo新 neo-colonialism

后缀亦然,但整体意思没变 例如加er就把动词变成了名词 加s就把单数变成了复数

词根是指单词的最核心部分 任何单词都是由词根扩展的 例如这个里面的http://iselong.com/7/527.htm

词尾和后缀差不多 例如ing ed er 等等

⑷ 英语派生词

派生法(derivation)是英语主要的构词法。这方法是借前缀或后缀之助,制造出派生词(derivative words),主要有名词、形容词和动词三种。

前缀以否定前缀(negative prefixes)un-, in-, im-, il-, ir-, non-, dis-, mis-, mal-等为主,使延伸出来的派生词变成反义词。
Ⅰ名词派生词 Balance→imbalance;pleasure→displeasure;management→ mismanagement;efficiency→inefficiency;concern→unconcern ;literacy→illiteracy;resolution→irresolution; interference→noninterference;nutrition→malnutrition.

Ⅱ形容词派生词 Accurate→inaccurate;patient→impatient. regular→ irregular;legal→illegal;native→non-native;orderly→ disorderly;common→uncommon.

Ⅲ动词派生词 Agree→disagree;judge→misjudge;treat→maltreat; activate→inactivate;use→ill-use;mobilize→immobilize; manage→mismanage;quote→unquote.

除了否定前缀之外,其他常用的前缀还有 anti-, auto-, bi-, co-, counter-, de-, ex-, inter-, mono-, post, pre-, pro-, re-, sub-, super-, trans-, tri-, ultra-等。

例如:
anti-government(反政府);auto-intoxication(自我迷醉);bilateral(双边的);coexistence(共存);counter-argument (反建议);de-emphasize(不强调);ex-president(前任会长);international(国际间的);monolingual(单语的);post-war (战后的);precaution(预先防备);pro-China(支持中国); re-state(重述);subhuman(低于人类的);superimpose(加在上面);trans-atlantic(横跨大西洋的);triangle(三角); ultra-smart(超能的)。

前面例子证明,加上前缀后的词,虽然意思改变,但词性保持不变。
(en-除外,象able 形容词,enable动词;courage 形容词,encourage动词)
相反的,加上后缀的词,不但词义有些改变,词性也完全不同。这样一来,动词或形容词加上适当的后缀之后,可以得到名词派生词,
如:
amaze→amazement;kind→kindness.

同样的,名词或动词加上适当的后缀,便可以得到形容词派生词,
如:
commerce→commercial;depend→dependent.

最后,名词或形容词加上动词性的后缀,可以得到动词派生词,加上副词性后缀(仅限 -ly),则得到副词派生词,
如:
fright(名词)→frighten(动词);modern(形容词)→ modernize(动词);beauty(名词)→beautify(动词);year(名词)→yearly(副词);quick(形容词)→quickly(副词)。

⑸ 必修二英语派生词汇总

B2M1 派生词

  1. fit (adj.) fitness ________ (n) 健康;适合性

  2. 2. rare (adj.) rarely ________ (adv.) 稀少地;极少地 health unhealth (n.) 不健康

  3. 3. _______ (n.) 健康 ________ healthy _______ (adj.) 健康的 healthily _________(adv.) 健康地

  4. 4. wealthy (adj.) wealth ________ (n) 财富;富裕 wealthily _________(adv) 富裕地;有钱地 unhealthy (adj.) 不健康的 unhealthily (adv.) 不健康地 _________

  5. 5. anxious (adj.) anxiety ___________ (n) 焦虑;渴望

  6. 6. injure (v.) injury (n.) injured _________ (adj.) 受伤的 painful

  7. 7. pain (n.) ________ (adj.) 疼痛的 painless (adj.) 不痛的 ________ abnormal (adj.) 不正常的 ________

  8. 8. normal (adj.)

  9. 9. overweight (adj.) / (n) 超重;优势 overweigh __________ (v) 比…重;胜过; 给…加负担;压倒 breath

  10. 10. breathe (v.) ________ (n.) 呼吸;气息 insure ________ (v.) 保障;确保 11. insurance (n.) 给…提供担保 The usage of some useful words in M

  11. 1 1.词缀 “ ~ache (n/ vi)

  12. 疼痛” toothache 牙痛 ______________

  13. 头痛 headache stomachache ______________

  14. 胃痛 stomachache / bellyache _______________________

  15. 腹痛/ 肚子痛 backache ______________

  16. 背痛 注:手痛腿痛等其它部位疼痛的表达方式 a pain in my /the hand / leg / chest etc.

  17. 2.频率副词

  18. 1) be动词后

  19. 2) 实意动词前

  20. 3) 助动词与 实意动词之间 always 总是 usually / often / frequently 经常 sometimes 有时 seldom 很少 rarely 极少 never 从来没有

  21. 请把括号中的频率副词放在句子中:

  22. 1. She is a good student. (always) ∧

  23. 2. We play in the playground. (often) ∧

  24. 3. Mike doesn’t get up at six o’clock. (usually) ∧

  25. 请翻译下列句子: My brother rarely plays computer

  26. 1.我弟弟很少玩电脑游戏. games.

  27. 2.我们要始终坚持我们的信仰. We should always stand up for our beliefs. The usage of some useful words in M

  28. 1 3. proverb “谚语; 古语” 常用表达式: As the proverb says / goes, ….. “俗话说…”_____________________________ “中国有句老话说…” An old Chinese proverb says (that)… ______________________________________ The usage of some useful words in M1 4. normal “正常的;正规的;一般的” 辨析: 平常的;一向的;惯用的 usual _____________________________ 普通的;平凡的;大众化的 ordinary ___________________________ common___________________________ 常(见/听/用)的;共同的 有规律的;定期的;整齐的 regular ____________________________ 标准的;模范的;权威的 standard___________________________ usual; common; ordinary; normal; standard; regular usual 1. She found him in the midst of a group of his ___ friends. 她在他的一群老朋友中找到了他。 regular 2. Taking a ______ exercise can keep us in health. 定期做锻炼可以使我们保持健康。 3. “Mary” is a common name used in America. _______ Mary是在美国常用的一个名字。 ordinary 4. You and I are _______ people. 你我都是平凡人。 5. The normal temperature of our human is 36.5℃ ______ 人类的正常体温是36.5℃ standard 6. What I need is a(n)________ answer to the question. 我需要这个问题的标准答案。

⑹ 在英语中,什么叫派生词啊

派生词,是英语主要的构词法。这方法是借前缀或后缀之助,制造出派生词,主要有名词、形容词和动词三种。前缀以否定前缀-等为主,使延伸出来的派生词变成反义词。

⑺ 求:高中英语 单词的派生词归纳

一、英语最常用前缀、后缀
前 缀 意 义 单 词 加前缀派生词 加后缀派生词
ad- 向、到 join加入 adjoin邻接 adjoining邻接的, 隔壁的
re- 回 turn转动 return回来 returnless回不来的
再、又 build建造 rebuild重建 rebuilder重建者
con- 共同 firm 坚固 confirm确定 confirmedly坚定地
ob- 向 press压 oppress压迫 oppressive压制性的, 压迫的
in- 里 port港口 import进口;重要 important重要的
否定 correct正确 incorrect不正确 rectitude正直, 公正
trans- 贯通 port港口 transport运输 transportation运输
pre- 前 school学校 preschool学龄前 preschooler学龄前儿童
pro- 前 long长的 prolong延长 prolongate延长, 伸长
per- 完全 form形状 perform完成 performance履行,表演
ex- 外 port港口 export出口 exporter出口商
dis- 分开 part部分 dispart分离 dispartment分离, 分开
否定 agree同意
like喜欢 disagree不同意
dislike厌恶 disagreement争执, 不和
dislikeful令人嫌恶的
sub- 下 way路 subway地铁 exportable可输出的
un 否定 like象 unlike不象... unlikeness不相等, 不象
sur 上 face脸面 surface表面 surfacewise沿着表面(地)
注:-ing,-less(否定),-ed,-ive,-ant,-ful,-able是形容词后缀;
-er,-itude,-ation,-ance,-ment,-ness,是名词后缀;
-ly,-wise是形容词、副词后缀;-ate是动词、名词、形容词后缀。
读者掌握上述后缀基础上,完全可以“猜出”最后一列派生单词的意义,实现“不背而记”。

二、派生法构词公式:<前缀>+词根(词根变体或单词)+<后缀>
前 缀 词根 单 词 fect变体 单 词
ad-向、到 fect
做 affect影响, 感动 fair affair事务, 事件
re-回;再 refect使精神振作 act retroact反作用
con-共同 confection甜食 pact compact契约
de-下 defect过失, 缺点 fic deficit赤字
in-里 infect传染, 感染 pact impact影响
trans-贯通 transfect转染 act transaction交易
pre-前 prefect各类官员 fig prefigure预示
per-完全 perfect完美的 funct perfunctory草率
ex-外 effect效果, 作用 fic efficient生效的
dis-否定 disaffect 使疏远 fic difficult困难的
前 缀 单词 单 词 单词 单 词
ad-向、到 press压力 adpress压于表面 test
测试 attest证明
re-再、又 repress补充加压 retest再考验
con-共同 compress压缩 contest竞赛
ob-向 oppress压迫 obtest恳求
in-里;否定 impress盖印 intestable
无资格立遗属的
pre-前 prepressing预压 pretest模考
pro-前 — protest声明
ex-外 express急速的 —
sub-下 suppress镇压 subtest子测验

三、派生词affect的“再派生”
加前缀“再派生” 单 词 加后缀“再派生”
disaffect使疏远
disaffected抱不平的
disaffection不满, 不平
unaffected自然的
unaffectedly自然地
unaffectionate缺乏爱的
conaffetto[音]深情地 affect
影响,感动;假装 affectability感触性
affectation假装, 虚饰
affected假装的, 做作的
affecting感人的
affectingly令人感动地
affection友爱, 影响
affectional情感上的
affectionate亲爱的
affectionately挚爱地
affectionateness深情
affective情感的
affectively情感地
affectivity情感作用
affectless冷酷无情的
affectlessly冷酷无情地
affectlessness冷酷无情

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